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Culture conditions for equine bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and expression of key transcription factors during their differentiation into osteoblasts

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2014年第2期5卷 163-172页

作者： elizabeth R A Glynn Alfredo Sanchez Londono steven A Zinn Thomas A Hoagl Kristen e Govoni Department of Animal Science University of Connecticut3636 Horsebarn Road Ext.Unit 4040StorrsCT 06269-4040USA Department of environmental and Population Health Tufts University North GraftonMA 01536USA

Background： The use of equine bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells （BMSC） is a novel method to improve fracture healing in horses. However, additional research is needed to identify optimal culture conditions and to determine the mechanisms involved in regulating BMSC differentiation into osteoblasts. The objectives of the experiments were to determine： 1） if autologous or commercial serum is better for proliferation and differentiation of equine BMSC into osteoblasts, and 2） the expression of key transcription factors during the differentiation of equine BMSC into osteoblasts. equine BMSC were isolated from the sterna of 3 horses, treated with purchased fetal bovine serum （FBS） or autologous horse serum （HS）, and cell proliferation determined. To induce osteoblast differentiation, cells were incubated with L-ascorbic acid-2-phosphate and glycerol-2-phosphate in the presence or absence of human bone morphogenetic protein2 （BMP2）, dexamethasone （DeX）, or combination of the two. Alkaline phosphatase （ALP） activity, a marker of osteoblast differentiation, was determined by eLISA. Total RNA was isolated from differentiating BMSC between d 0 to 18 to determine expression of runt-reloted tronscrJption foctor2 （Runx2）, osterix （Osx）, and T-box3 （Tbx3）. Data were analyzed by ANOVA. Results： Relative to control, FBS and HS increased cell number （133 ± 5 and 116 ± 5%, respectively; P 〈 0.001） and 5-bromo- 2＇-deoxyuridine （BrdU） incorporation （167 ± 6 and 120 ± 6%, respectively; P 〈 0.001）. Treatment with DeX increased ALP activity compared with control （1,638 ± 38%; P 〈 0.001）. In the absence and presence of Dex, BMP-2 did not alter ALP activity （P 〉 0.8）. Runt-reloted transcription foctor2 expression increased 3-fold （P 〈 0.001） by d 6 of culture. Osterix expression increased 94old （P 〈 0.05） by d 18 of culture. expression of Tbx3 increased 1.8-fold at d 3 （P 〈 0.01）; however expression was reduced 4-fold at d 18 （P 〈 0.01）. Conclusions： Dexamethasone, but not BMP-2, is requir

关键词： Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells Cell culture equine Osteoblasts Transcription factors

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Headwater regions- Physical, ecological, and social approaches to understand these areas： introduction to the special issue

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Frontiers of earth Science 2017年第3期11卷 443-446页

作者： steven R. FASSNACHT Ryan W. WeBB William e. SANFORD eSS-Watershed Science Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80523-1476 USA Geographisches Institut Abt. Kartographie GIS & Femerkundung Georg-August-Universitat Gottingen 37077 Gottingen Germany Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere Fort Collins CO 80523-1375 USA Geospatial Centroid Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80523-1101 USA Natural Resources ecology Laboratory Fort Collins CO 80523-1499 USA Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research University of Colorado Boulder Boulder CO 80309-0450 USA Geosciences Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80523-1482 USA

Around the world human communities and natural ecosystems both rely on headwater regions for vital resources. Resources provided include groundwater sto- rage （Flint et al., 2008; Clilverd et al., 2011; Cao et al., 2012） in addition to soil moisture and forest ecosystem dynamics （McNamara et al., 2005; Williams et al., 2009; Jencso and McGlynn, 2011; Smith et al., 2011; Harpold et al., 2015; Webb et al., 2015）. Furthermore these regions are ecologically vital zones （Schlosser, 1995; Lowe and Likens, 2005） that impact downstream water quality （Peterson et al., 2001; Alexander et al., 2007）.

关键词： Social behavior Headwaters

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Weight changes and patterns of weight measurements in hospitalized burn patients:a contemporary analysis

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Burns & Trauma 2018年第4期6卷 262-268页

作者： Denisse Mendez-Romero Audra T Clark Alana Christie steven e Wolf Department of Surgery Division of BurnTraumaand Critical CareUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterE05514B5323 Harry Hines BlvdDallasTX 75390USA

Background:Severe burn is associated with significant changes in body weight due to resuscitation volumes, fluid shifts, a hypermetabolic state, prolonged bed rest, and caloric intake. Our goal was to quantify and describe trends in weight change in patients with burns of all severities under modern treatment conditions and to identify the time points at which these changes occur. Methods: An institutional review board-approved chart review was conducted of acute burn patients treated at an American Burn Association-verified regional burn center from February 2016 to November 2016. Patients were then divided into three groups based on percent of total burn surface area (%TBSA) burn:1–19%, 20–39%, and≥40%. Weight was expressed as percent change of weight from baseline. Regression analysis was conducted on percent weight changes for each TBSA group. Results:We identified 197 burn patients with a length of stay (LOS) of≥7 days. Of the study cohort, 149 had TBSA burn of 1–19%, 27 had TBSA burn of 20–39%, and 21 had TBSA burn of≥40%. All groups had a majority of White male, non-Hispanic patients with mean ages between 40 and 42 years. Burn patients with>20%TBSA burn had a median increase in weight above baseline of approximately 5 to 8%likely due to resuscitation fluids within the first week of hospitalization. Weight loss below baseline often did not exceed 10% and was more pronounced as LOS increased, mostly in patients with >20% TBSA burn. Whereas patients with 1–19% TBSA burn on average returned to baseline weight at last measurement, patients with 20–39% TBSA and ≥40%TBSA burn continued a decline in weight at 4 weeks (r2=0.57 and 0.55, respectively) on the same trajectory. Conclusions:Burn patients with>20%TBSA burn had an increase in weight above baseline of up to 8%, likely due to resuscitation fluids within the first week of hospitalization. Weight loss below baseline often did not exceed 10%and was more pronounced as LOS increased, mostly in patients with>20%TBS

关键词： Burn Weight Nutrition Metabolism Critical care

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Influence of biological sex and exercise on murine cardiac metabolism

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2022年第4期11卷 479-494页

作者： Kyle Fulghum Helen e.Collins steven P.Jones Bradford G.Hill Diabetes and Obesity Center Department of MedicineDivision of Environmental MedicineChristina Lee Brown Envirome InstituteUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY 40202USA Department of Physiology University of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY 40202USA

Although the structural and functional effects of exercise on the heart are well established,the metabolic changes that occur in the heart during and after exercise remain *** this study,we used metabolomics to assess time-dependent changes in the murine cardiac metabolome following 1 session of treadmill *** the exercise bout,we also recorded blood lactate,glucose,and ketone body levels and measured cardiac mitochondrial *** both male and female mice,moderate-and high-intensity exercise acutely increased blood lactate *** both sexes,low-and moderate-intensity exercise augmented circulating 3-hydroxybutryrate levels immediately after the exercise bout;however,only in female mice did high-intensity exercise increase 3-hydroxybutyrate levels,with significant increases occurring 1 h after the exercise *** metabolomics analyses of sedentary female and male hearts suggest considerable sex-dependent differences in basal cardiac metabolite levels,with female hearts characterized by higher levels of pantothenate,pyridoxamine,homoarginine,tryptophan,and several glycerophospholipid and sphingomyelin species and lower levels of numerous metabolites,including acetyl coenzyme A,glucuronate,gulonate,hydroxyproline,prolyl-hydroxyproline,carnosine,anserine,and carnitinylated and glycinated species,as compared with male *** after a bout of treadmill exercise,both male and female hearts had higher levels of corticosterone;however,female mice showed more extensive exercise-induced changes in the cardiac metabolome,characterized by significant,time-dependent changes in amino acids(e.g.,serine,alanine,tyrosine,tryptophan,branched-chain amino acids)and the ketone body *** from experiments using isolated cardiac mitochondria suggest that high-intensity treadmill exercise does not acutely affect respiration or mitochondrial coupling;however,female cardiac mitochondria demonstrate generally higher adenosi

关键词： Ketone bodies Metabolomics Mitochondria Physical activity Sex difference

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Changes in electroencephalogram Approximate entropy Reflect Auditory Processing and Functional Complexity in Frogs

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Asian Herpetological Research 2016年第3期7卷 180-190页

作者： Yansu LIU Yanzhu FAN Fei XUe Xizi YUe steven e.BRAUTH Yezhong TANG Guangzhan FANG Sichuan Nursing Vocational College. No. 173 Longdu Nan Road Longquan district Chengdu Sichuan China College of Life Science Northwest Normal University. No. 967 Anning East Road Lanzhou Gansu China Chengdu Institute of Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences. No. 9 Section 4 Renmin Nan Road Chengdu Sichuan China Department of Psychology University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 USA

Brain systems engage in what are generally considered to be among the most complex forms of information processing. In the present study, we investigated the functional complexity of anuran auditory processing using the approximate entropy（Ap en） protocol for electroencephalogram（eeG） recordings from the forebrain and midbrain while male and female music frogs（Babina daunchina） listened to acoustic stimuli whose biological significance varied. The stimuli used were synthesized white noise（reflecting a novel signal）, conspecific male advertisement calls with either high or low sexual attractiveness（reflecting sexual selection） and silence（reflecting a baseline）. The results showed that 1） Ap en evoked by conspecific calls exceeded Ap en evoked by synthesized white noise in the left mesencephalon indicating this structure plays a critical role in processing acoustic signals with biological significance; 2） Ap en in the mesencephalon was significantly higher than for the telencephalon, consistent with the fact that the anuran midbrain contains a large well-organized auditory nucleus（torus semicircularis） while the forebrain does not; 3） for females Ap en in the mesencephalon was significantly different than that of males, suggesting that males and females process biological stimuli related to mate choice differently.

关键词： Complexity reflecting auditory evoked sexual silence calls advertisement engage approximate

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c-Met signaling in the development of tumorigenesis and chemoresistance: Potential applications in pancreatic cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第26期20卷 8458-8470页

作者： Daniel Delitto eva Vertes-George steven J Hughes Kevin e Behrns Jose G Trevino Department of Surgery University of Florida-Gainesville Department of Pathology University of Florida-Gainesville

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is the 4th leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States. The majority of patients are candidates only for palliative chemotherapy, which has proven largely ineffective in halting tumor progression. One proposed mechanism of chemoresistance involves signaling via the mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor protein (MeT), a previously established pathway critical to cell proliferation and migration. Here, we review the literature to characterize the role of MeT in the development of tumorigenesis, metastasis and chemoresistance, highlighting the potential of MeT as a therapeutic target in pancreatic cancer. In this review, we characterize the role of c-Met in the development of tumorigenesis, metastasis and chemoresistance, highlighting the potential of c-Met as a therapeutic target in pancreatic cancer.

关键词： Pancreatic adenocarcinoma c-Met Chemoresistance Receptor tyrosine kinase

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Male Music Frogs Compete Vocally on the Basis of Temporal Sequence Rather Than Spatial Cues of Rival Calls

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Asian Herpetological Research 2015年第4期6卷 305-316页

作者： Fan JIANG Guangzhan FANG Fei XUe Jianguo CUI steven e.BRAUTH Yezhong TANG Chengdu Institute of Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Psychology University of Maryland

Male-male vocal competition in anuran species may be influenced by cues related to the temporal sequence of male calls as well by internal temporal, spectral and spatial ones. Nevertheless, the conditions under which each type of cue is important remain unclear. Since the salience of different cues could be reflected by dynamic properties of male-male competition under certain experimental manipulation, we investigated the effects of repeating playbacks of conspecific calls on male call production in the emei music frog（Babina daunchina）. In Babina, most males produce calls from nest burrows which modify the spectral features of the cues. Females prefer calls produced from inside burrows which are defined as highly sexually attractive（HSA） while those produced outside burrows as low sexual attractiveness（LSA）. In this study HSA and LSA calls were broadcasted either antiphonally or stereophonically through spatially separated speakers in which the temporal sequence and/or spatial position of the playbacks was either predictable or random. Results showed that most males consistently avoided producing advertisement calls overlapping the playback stimuli and generally produced calls competitively in advance of the playbacks. Furthermore males preferentially competed with the HSA calls when the sequence was predictable but competed equally with HSA and LSA calls if the sequence was random regardless of the availability of spatial cues, implying that males relied more on available sequence cues than spatial ones to remain competitive.

关键词： male-male competition advertisement call sequence cue spatial cue call timing.

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Circadian Rhythm of Calling Behavior in the emei Music Frog(Babina daunchina) is Associated with Habitat Temperature and Relative Humidity

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Asian Herpetological Research 2011年第3期2卷 149-154页

作者： Jianguo CUI Xiaoyan SONG Guangzhan FANG Fei XU steven e. BRAUTH Yezhong TANG Chengdu Institute of Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Institute of Animal Sciences Department of Psychology University of MarylandCollege Park

Generally, the function of vocalizations made by male anurans are to attract females or defend resources. Typically, males vocalize in choruses during one or more periods in a twenty-four-hour cycle, which varies, however, among species. Nevertheless, the causal factors influencing circadian variations of calling patterns in anuran species are not clear. In this study, male chorus vocalizations were monitored in the emei music frog(Babina daunchina) for 17 consecutive days during the breeding season, while its habitat air temperature and relative humidity in the course of experiments were measured as well. The results revealed that the circadian calling patterns were characterized by two periods of peak vocalization, which were observed from 0500 h to 0700 h and from 1300 h to 2000 h, while the lowest activity period was found from 2100 h to 2200 h. Both calls/h and notes/h were positively correlated with air temperature and negatively with relative humidity. Overall, our data indicate that the emei music frogs(B. daunchina) could regulate their vocal activities based on the changes of physical micro-environment(e. g., temperature or humidity) to maximize reproductive success.

关键词： rest-activity cycle advertisement call temperature humidity emei music frog(Babina daunchina

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Hemoglobin Adducts as Biomarkers of exposure to and metabolic Activation of Carcinogenic Tobacco-Specific Nitrosamines

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Biomedical and environmental Sciences 1991年第1期4卷 93-103页

作者： STePHeN S.HeCHT steven G.CARMeLLA SHARON e.MURPHY Dana Road American Health Foundation ValhallaDana Road American Health Foundation ValhallaDana Road American Health Foundation Valhalla New York 10595New York 10595 New York 10595

The carcinogenic tobacco-specific nitrosamines N-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-l-(3-pyridyl)-l-butanone (NNK) form hemoglobin adducts in laboratory animals and humans. These adducts release 4-hydroxy-l-(3-pyridyl)-l-butanone (HPB) upon mild base hydrolysis. HPB released from human hemoglobin can be quantified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. It is the only available biochemical marker for determination of exposure to, and metabolic activation of, carcinogens present only in tobacco. Levels of HPB were highest in snuff-dippers, followed by smokers and nonsmokers. Large interindividual variations in adduct levels were observed. The relationship between HPB levels in globin and DNA of rats treated with NNK has been investigated in order to aid in interpretation of the data from humans. These studies have provided the initial database for understanding the metabolic activation of tobacco-specific nitrosamines in humans.

关键词： Hemoglobin Adducts as Biomarkers of exposure to and metabolic Activation of Carcinogenic Tobacco-Specific Nitrosamines

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Deriving big geochemical data from high-resolution remote sensing data via machine learning:Application to a tailing storage facility in the Witwatersrand goldfields

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Artificial Intelligence in Geosciences 2023年第1期4卷 9-21页

作者： steven e.Zhang Glen T.Nwaila Julie e.Bourdeau Yousef Ghorbani emmanuel John M.Carranza Natural Resources Canada Geological Survey of Canada601 Booth StreetOttawaOntarioK1A 0E8Canada Wits Mining Institute WMI University of the WitwatersrandPrivate Bag 32050WitsSouth Africa Department of Civil Environmental and Natural Resources EngineeringLuleåUniversity of TechnologySE 97187LuleåSweden School of Chemistry University of LincolnJoseph Banks LaboratoriesGreen LaneLincolnLincolnshireLN67DLUnited Kingdom Department of Geology University of the Free State205 Nelson Mandela DrBloemfontein9301South Africa

Remote sensing data is a cheap form of surficial geoscientific data,and in terms of veracity,velocity and volume,can sometimes be considered big *** spatial and spectral resolution continues to improve over time,and some modern satellites,such as the Copernicus Programme’s Sentinel-2 remote sensing satellites,offer a spatial resolution of 10 m across many of their spectral *** abundance and quality of remote sensing data combined with accumulated primary geochemical data has provided an unprecedented opportunity to inferentially invert remote sensing data into geochemical *** ability to derive geochemical data from remote sensing data would provide a form of secondary big geochemical data,which can be used for numerous downstream activities,particularly where data timeliness,volume and velocity are *** benefactors of secondary geochemical data would be environmental monitoring and applications of artificial intelligence and machine learning in geochemistry,which currently entirely relies on manually derived data that is primarily guided by scientific ***,it permits the usage of well-established data analysis techniques from geochemistry to remote sensing that allows useable insights to be extracted beyond those typically associated with strictly remote sensing data ***,no generally applicable and systematic method to derive chemical elemental concentrations from large-scale remote sensing data have been documented in *** this paper,we demonstrate that fusing geostatistically-augmented geochemical and remote sensing data produces an abundance of data that enables a more generalized machine learning-based geochemical data *** use gold grade data from a South African tailing storage facility(TSF)and data from both the Landsat-8 and Sentinel remote sensing *** show that various machine learning algorithms can be used given the abundance of training ***,we are able t

关键词： Remote sensing Big geochemical data Machine learning Tailing storage facilities Witwatersrand Basin Dry labs

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