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Entropy and enthalpy for triggering cutaneous erythema

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2015年第4期8卷 54-57页

作者： steven L.Jacques Joseph t.Walsh Wellman Laboratories Massachusetts General Hospital BostonMAUSA Harvard Medical School-M.I.t. CambridgeMAUSA Oregon Health&Science University 3303 SW Bond Ave.PortlandORUSA 97239

the molar entropy(OS)and molar enthalpy(△H)for the denaturation event that triggers cutaneous erythema was determined to be △S=190J/(mole K)and△H=146.9×10^(3) J/*** experiment involved placing heated water against the skin of the forearm,for a range of termperatures and exposure *** the skin to 45℃ for 22 s was at the threshold for producing erythema,which was similar to the threshold for a slight degree of pain.

关键词： Skin erythema thermal entropy enthalpy

Variation in floral form of CRISPR knock-outs of the poplar homologs of LEAFY and AGAMOUS after Ft heat-induced early flowering

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Horticulture Research 2023年第8期10卷 183-193页

作者： Amy L.Klocko Estefania Elorriaga Cathleen Ma steven H.Strauss Department of Biology University of Colorado Colorado SpringsColorado SpringsCO 80918USA Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOR 97331USA

Plant migration and gene flow from genetically modified or exotic trees to nearby lands or by crossing with wild relatives is a major public and regulatory *** genetic strategies exist to mitigate potential gene flow;however,the long delay in onset of flow-ering is a severe constraint to research *** used heat-induced Ft overexpression to speed assessment of the expected floral phenotypes after CRISPR knockout of poplar homologs of the key floral genes,LEAFY and *** selected events with previously characterized CRISPR-Cas9 induced biallelic changes then re-transformed them with the Arabidopsis thaliana FLOWERING LOCUS t(AtFt)gene under control of either a strong constitutive promoter or a heat-inducible *** successfully obtained flowering in both a male and female clone of poplar,observing a wide range of inflorescence and floral forms among flowers,ramets,and insertion ***,flowers obtained from the selected LFY and AG targeted events were consistent with what would be predicted for loss-of-function of these ***-targeted events showed small catkins with leaf-like organs,AG-targeted events had nested floral organs consistent with reduction in floral determinacy and absence of well-formed carpels or *** findings demonstrate the great developmental plasticity of Populus flowers during genetically accelerated flowering,which may be of horticultural *** also provide an informative early view of floral phenotypes and apparent sterility from knockouts of both these gene targets.

关键词： AGAMOUS flowers organs

Adherence to surveillance endoscopy following hospitalization for index esophageal variceal hemorrhage

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2018年第4期10卷 40-48页

作者： Brendan t Everett steven D Lidofsky Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit University of Vermont Medical Center

AIM to investigate patient adherence to surveillance endoscopy after index esophageal variceal hemorrhage and the extent to which adherence influences *** We reviewed the records of patients with cirrhosis admitted to the medical intensive care unit between 2000 and 2014 for first time esophageal variceal hemorrhage treated with endoscopic variceal ligation who were subsequently discharged and scheduled for surveillance endoscopy at our medical center. Demographic and clinical data were obtained through the medical records, including etiology of cirrhosis, completion of variceal obliteration, attendance at surveillance endoscopy, zip code of primary residence, distance from home to hospital, insurance status, rehospitalization for variceal hemorrhage, beta-blocker at discharge, pharmacologically treated psychiatric disorder, and transplant free survival. RESULtS Of 99 consecutive survivors of esophageal variceal bleeding, the minority(33) completed variceal obliteration and fewer(12) adhered to annual surveillance. Completion of variceal obliteration was associated with fewer rehospitalizations for variceal rebleeding(27% vs 56%, P = 0.0099) and when rehospitalizations occurred, they occurred later in those who had completed obliteration(median 259 d vs 207 d, P = 0.0083). Incomplete adherence to endoscopic surveillance was associated with more rehospitalizations for variceal rebleeding compared to those fully adherent to annual endoscopic surveillance(51% vs 17%, P = 0.0328). those adherent to annual surveillance were more likely to be insured privately or through Medicare compared to those who did not attend post-hospital discharge endoscopy(100% vs 63%, P = 0.0119).CONCLUSION Most patients do not complete variceal obliteration after index esophageal variceal hemorrhage and fewer adhere to endoscopic surveillance, particularly the uninsured and those insured with Medicaid.

关键词： Liver cirrhosis Endoscopy Esophageal varices Secondary prevention Patient adherence

Crohn’s and colitis in children and adolescents

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第41期18卷 5862-5869页

作者： Andrew S Day Oren Ledder steven t Leach Daniel A Lemberg Department of Gastroenterology Sydney Children's HospitalRandwickSydneyNSW 2031Australia School of Women's and Children's Health University of New South WalesSydneyNSW 2031Australia Department of Paediatrics University of Otago ChristchurchChristchurch 8140New Zealand

Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis can be grouped as the inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD).these conditions have become increasingly common in recent years,including in children and young *** much is known about aspects of the pathogenesis of these diseases,the precise aetiology is not yet understood,and there remains no *** data has illustrated the importance of a number of genes-several of these are important in the onset of IBD in early life,including in ***,diarrhoea and weight loss are typical symptoms of paediatric Crohn's disease whereas bloody diarrhoea is more typical of colitis in ***,atypical symptoms may occur in both conditions:these include isolated impairment of linear growth or presentation with extra-intestinal manifestations such as erythema *** and nutrition are commonly compromised at diagnosis in both Crohn's disease and *** of possible IBD and completion of appropriate investi-gations are essential to ensure prompt diagnosis,thereby avoiding the consequences of diagnostic *** of disease including location and progression of IBD in childhood differ substantially from adultonset *** treatment options are available for children and adolescents with *** enteral nutrition plays a central role in the induction of remission of active Crohn's *** and surgical therapies need to considered within the context of a growing and developing *** overall management of these chronic conditions in children should include multi-disciplinary expertise,with focus upon maintaining control of gut inflammation,optimising nutrition,growth and quality of life,whilst preventing disease or treatment-related complications.

关键词：溃疡性结肠炎青少年儿童鸡传染性法氏囊病慢性疾病出血性腹泻发病机理典型症状

A neuron-immune circuit regulates neurodegeneration in the hindbrain and spinal cord of Arf1-ablated mice

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National Science Review 2023年第12期10卷 98-110页

作者： Guohao Wang Shuhan Jin Jiaqi Liu Xu Li Peng Dai Yuetong Wang steven X.Hou the Basic Research Laboratory Center for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer Institute at FrederickNational Institutes of Health Department of Cell and Developmental Biology at the School of Life Sciences State Key Laboratory of Genetic EngineeringInstitute of Metabolism and Integrative BiologyHuman Phenome Institute Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation of Liver Cancer Institute at Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University

Neuroimmune connections have been revealed to play a central role in neurodegenerative diseases(NDs).However, the mechanisms that link the central nervous system(CNS) and peripheral immune cells are still mostly unknown. We recently found that specific ablation of the Arf1 gene in hindbrain and spinal cord neurons promoted NDs through activating the NLRP3 inflammasome in microglia via peroxided lipids and adenosine triphosphate(AtP) releasing. Here, we demonstrate that IL-1β with elevated chemokines in the neuronal Arf1-ablated mouse hindbrain and spinal cord recruited and activated γ δ t cells in meninges. the activated γ δ t cells then secreted IFN-γ that entered into parenchyma to activate the microglia-A1astrocyte-C3-neuronal C3a R neurotoxic pathway. Remarkably, the neurodegenerative phenotypes of the neuronal Arf1-ablated mice were strongly ameliorated by IFN-γ or C3 knockout. Finally, we show that the Arf1-reduction-induced neuroimmune-IFN-γ-gliosis pathway exists in human NDs, particularly in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and multiple sclerosis. together, our results uncover a previously unknown mechanism that links the CNS and peripheral immune cells to promote neurodegeneration.

关键词： neurodegenerative diseases disease-associated microglia γδ t cells reactive astrocyte IFN-γ C3

Condensation of pyrylium salts with mixed anhydrides:aryl ethers,aryl amines and sterically congested aromatics

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Organic Chemistry Frontiers 2022年第2期9卷 294-298页

作者： Daniel Grabowski Susanne Alef steven Becker Ute Muller Gregor Schnakenburg Sigurd Hoger aKekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität BonnGerhard-Domagk-Str.153121 BonnGermany bInstitut für Anorganische Chemie Universität BonnGerhard-Domagk-Str.153121 BonnGermany

the condensation of easily accessible and widely functionalizable 2,4,6-triaryl pyrylium salts with mixed anhydrides,formed in situ fromα-functionalized sodium acetates and an anhydride solvent,leads in good yields to the corresponding 2,4,6-triaryl benzenes functionalized at their 1-position.4-(trifluoromethyl)benzoic anhydride has been proven as being the solvent of choice and ortho-disubstituted diphenyl ethers,triphenyl amines and phenyl carbazoles with different functionalizations are *** addition,sterically hindered anthracene diacetate is condensed with two bis-bromophenyl pyrylium salts which leads after intramolecular Yamamoto coupling to *** these,the anthracene core is surrounded by phenylenes and protected from photooxidation,leading to a highly stable blue emitting material.

关键词： material. anhydride salts

Prospective,multicentre study of screening,investigation and management of hyponatraemia after subarachnoid haemorrhage in the UK and Ireland

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2023年第3期8卷 207-216,I0028-I0059页

作者： James J M Loan steven tominey Kirun Baweja Julie Woodfield thomas J G Chambers Mark Haley Simran S Kundu H Y Josephine tang Anthony N Wiggins Michael t C Poon Paul M Brennan translational Neurosurgery The University of Edinburgh Centre for Clinical Brain SciencesEdinburghUK Neurosurgery NHS LothianEdinburghUK Neurosurgery Institute of Neurological SciencesGlasgowUK Department of Medicine School of MedicineDentisty and NuringUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK Internal Medicine Queen's UniversityKingstonOntarioCanada Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences University of EdinburghEdinburghUK Edinburgh Centre for Diabetes and Endocrinology NHS LothianEdinburghUK Radiology University Hospitals Plymouth NHS TrustPlymouthUK Department of Medicine Cork University HospitalUniversity College CorkCorkIreland

Background Hyponatraemia often occurs after subarachnoid haemorrhage(SAH).However,its clinical significance and optimal management are *** audited the screening,investigation and management of hyponatraemia after *** We prospectively identified consecutive patients with spontaneous SAH admitted to neurosurgical units in the United Kingdom or *** reviewed medical records daily from admission to discharge,21 days or death and extracted all measurements of serum sodium to identify hyponatraemia(tcomes were death/dependency at discharge or 21 days and admission duration>10 *** of hyponatraemia with outcome were assessed using logistic regression with adjustment for predictors of outcome after SAH and admission *** assessed hyponatraemia-free survival using multivariable Cox *** 175/407(43%)patients admitted to 24 neurosurgical units developed hyponatraemia.5976 serum sodium measurements were *** osmolality,urine osmolality and urine sodium were measured in 30/166(18%)hyponatraemic patients with complete *** most frequently target daily fluid intake was>3 L and this did not differ during hyponatraemic or non-hyponatraemic episodes.26%(n/N=42/164)patients with hyponatraemia received sodium supplementation.133(35%)patients were dead or dependent within the study period and 240(68%)patients had hospital admission for over 10 *** the multivariable analyses,hyponatraemia was associated with less dependency(adjusted OR(aOR)=0.35(95%CI 0.17 to 0.69))but longer admissions(aOR=3.2(1.8 to 5.7)).World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies grade I-III,modified Fisher 2-4 and posterior circulation aneurysms were associated with greater hazards of *** In this comprehensive multicentre prospective-adjusted analysis of patients with SAH,hyponatraemia was investigated inconsistently and,for most patients,was not associated with changes in management or clinical outcome.t

关键词： admitted urine centre

Constitutive modeling of ultra?fine?grained titanium flow stress for machining temperature prediction

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Bio-Design and Manufacturing 2019年第3期2卷 153-160页

作者： Jinqiang Ning Vinh Nguyen Yong Huang Karl t.Hartwig steven Y.Liang George W.Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology801 Ferst DriveAtlantaGA 30332USA Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of Florida231 MAE-AP.O.Box 116250GainesvilleFL 32611USA Department of Mechanical Engineering Texas A&M University3123 TAMUCollege StationTX 77843?3123USA

this work investigates the machining temperatures of ultra-fine-grained titanium(UFG ti),prepared by equal channel angular extrusion,through analytical *** ti has great usefulness in biomedical applications because of its high mechanical strength,sufficient manufacturability,and high *** temperatures were predicted using a physics-based predictive model based on material constitutive relation and mechanics of the orthogonal cutting *** minimization between the stress calculated using Johnson–Cook constitutive model and the same stress calculated using mechanics model yields the estimation of machining temperatures at two deformation *** agreements are observed upon validation to the values reported in the *** machinability of UFG ti is investigated by comparing its machining temperature to that of ti–6Al–4V alloy under the same cutting *** lower temperatures are observed in machining UFG *** computational efficiency of the presented model is investigated by comparing its average computational time(~0.5 s)to that of a widely used modified chip formation model(8900 s)with comparable prediction *** work extends the applicability of the presented temperature model to a broader class of materials,specifically ultra-fine-grained *** high computational efficiency allows the in situ temperature prediction and optimization of temperature condition with process parameters planning.

关键词： Ultra-fine-grained titanium Analytical modeling High computational efficiency Johnson–Cook model Cutting mechanics

the “Colonial Wig” pancreaticojejunostomy:zero leaks with a novel technique for reconstruction after pancreaticoduodenectomy

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2017年第5期16卷 545-551页

作者： Xihua Yang Pouya Aghajafari Naeem Goussous Shirali t Patel steven C Cunningham Department of Surgery Saint Agnes Hospital and Cancer Center Baltimore MD USA

BACKGROUND: Postoperative pancreatic fistula(POPF) remains common and morbid after pancreaticoduodenectomy(PD). A major advance in the study of POPF is the fistula risk score(FRS).MEtHODS: We analyzed 48 consecutive patients undergoing PD. the 'Colonial Wig' pancreaticojejunostomy(CWPJ) technique was used in the last 22 PDs, we compared 22 CWPJ to 26 conventional PDs. RESULtS: Postoperative morbidity was 49%(27% Clavien grade >2). the median length of hospital stay was 11 days. In the first 26 PDs, the PJ was performed according to standard techniques and the clinically relevant POPF(CR-POPF) rate was 15%, similar to the FRS-predicted rate(14%). In the next 22 PJs, the CWPJ was employed. Although the FRS-predicted rates were similar in these two groups(14% vs 13%), the CRPOPF rate in the CWPJ group was 0(P=0.052).CONCLUSION: Early experience with the CWPJ is encouraging, and this anastomosis may be a safe and effective way to lower POPF rates.

关键词： pancreatectomy postoperative pancreatic fistula fistula risk score anastomosis novel surgical technique