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Glyoxylate Reductase Isoform 1 is Localized in the Cytosol and Not Peroxisomes in Plant Cells

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2012年第3期54卷 152-168页

作者： steven L. k. Ching Satinder k. Gidda Amanda Rochon Owen R. van Cauwenberghe Barry J. Shelp Robert T. Mullen Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology University of Guelph Guelph Ontario N1G 2W1 Canada Department of Plant Agriculture University of Guelph Guelph Ontario N1G 2W1 Canada

Glyoxylate reductase （GLYR） is a key enzyme in plant metabolism which catalyzes the detoxification of both photorespiratory glyoxylate and succinic semialdehdye, an intermediate of the γ-aminobutyrate （GABA） pathway. Two isoforms of GLYR exist in plants, GLYR1 and GLYR2, and while GLYR2 is known to be localized in plastids, GLYR1 has been reported to be localized in either peroxisomes or the cytosol. Here, we reappraised the intracellular localization of GLYR1 in Arabidopsis thaliana L. Heynh （ecotype Lansberg erecta） using both transiently-transformed suspension cells and stably-transformed plants, in combination with fluorescence microscopy. The results indicate that GLYR1 is localized exclusively to the cytosol regardless of the species, tissue and/or cell type, or exposure of plants to environmental stresses that would increase flux through the GABA pathway. Moreover, the C-terminal tripeptide sequence of GLYR1, -SRE, despite its resemblance to a type 1 peroxisomal targeting signal, is not sufficient for targeting to peroxisomes. Collectively, these results define the cytosol as the intracellular location of GLYR1 and provide not only important insight to the metabolic roles of GLYR1 and the compartmentation of the GABA and photorespiratory pathways in plant cells, but also serve as a useful reference for future studies of proteins proposed to be localized to peroxisomes and/or the cytosol.

关键词： Arabidopsis GABA GLYR1 cytosol photobleaching peroxisome PTS stress tobacco BY-2.

Long-term complications of the transmeatal approach (Open Transcanal) in cochlear implants: A follow-up study

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Journal of Otology 2023年第1期18卷 33-37页

作者： Hesham Saleh Almofada Nasser kAlmutairi Michael steven Timms king Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center RiyadhSaudi Arabia Al Faisal University College of MedicineSaudi Arabia Saudi German Hospital DubaiUnited Arab Emirates

Objective: Multiple alternative approaches of cochlear implant surgery have been described, such as the suprameatal approach, transcanal approach, transmeatal approach and middle cranial fossa ***(open trnascanal) approach has not been adapted since first described in the clinical *** aimed to assess the long-term complications of the transmeatal approach in a series of 131 patients at our center between 2004 and ***: This study was a retrospective case series of all patients who underwent cochlear implants with the transmeatal(open transcanal) approach from May 2004 to December 2008 at king Faisal Specialist and Research Hospital(Riyadh, Saudi Arabia), which were conducted by the same ***: Complications were observed often with various combinations-recurrent otitis externa, posterior tympanic membrane perforation, electrode extrusion, cholesteatoma, and chronic mastoiditis. The overall long-term complication rate was 16%(21/131). The gap between the implantation and the diagnosis of a complication ranged from kness of the posterior canal wall in 1 ***: The transmeatal approach posed an high rate of complications on long-term follow-up such as cholestetoma formation, extrusion of electrode or perielectrode reaction formation to tympanic membrane and external auditory canal.

关键词： Cochlear implant Transmeatal approach Open transcanal approach Surgical complication

Pelage color of red bats Lasiurus borealis varies with body size:An image analysis of museum specimens

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Current Zoology 2010年第4期56卷 401-405页

作者： Andrew k.DAVIS steven B.CASTLEBERRY D.B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources The University of Georgia

Mammalian pelage color can vary among individuals of many species, although this intraspecific variation is oftenoverlooked by researchers, perhaps because of its sometimes subtle nature and difficulty in assessing it quantitatively. Thus, suchvariation is rarely studied in mammals, and this is especially true within the order Chiroptera, where there has been very little empiricalresearch. We examined museum specimens of red bats (Lasiurus borealis, family Vespertilionidae) from Georgia, USA, todetermine the extent of sexual dimorphism in pelage color and to explore possible associations between body size and pelagecolor. We photographed 54 specimens under uniform lighting, and used an image analysis program to measure pelage hue on theuropatagium region, which is fully furred in members of the genus Lasiurus. Statistical analyses of pelage hue scores showedmales had significantly redder pelage than females when considered alone, but when examined together with effects of body sizeand collection year, sex was not significant, and collection year and body size were. More recent specimens tended to be less redthan older specimens, which might indicate a wearing of the buffy tips of hairs from older specimens, and smaller bats of bothsexes tended to be more red. These interesting findings are encouraging and we suggest that future explorations into intraspecificvariation in pelage color of bats using this or similar approaches are warranted to clarify the significance of the patterns. Thisstudy also demonstrated that care must be taken in analyses of mammalian pelage color from older museum skins, or at least thatresearchers must take into account the age of the specimens .

关键词： Pelage color Sexual dimorphism Red bats Lasiurus borealis Image analysis

Cancer overdiagnosis: A challenge in the era of screening

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Journal of the National Cancer Center 2022年第4期2卷 235-242页

作者： Barbara k.Dunn steven Woloshin Heng Xie Barnett S.kramer US National Cancer Institute Division of Cancer PreventionBethesdaMarylandUSA Member The Lisa Schwartz Foundation for Truth in MedicineNorwichVermontUSA The Center for Medicine in the Media Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical PracticeGeisel School of Medicine at DartmouthLebanonNew HampshireUSA Director The Lisa Schwartz Foundation for Truth in MedicineNorwichVermontUSA Beijing Biostar Pharmaceuticals Co. LtdBeijingChina Rockville MarylandUSA

“Screening”is a search for preclinical,asymptomatic disease,including *** cancer screening has led to large increases in early-stage cancers and *** public messages emphasize the potential benefits to screening for these lesions based on the underlying assumption that treating cancer at early stages before spread to other organs should make it easier to treat and cure,using more tolerable *** intuition is so strong that public campaigns are sometimes launched without conducting definitive trials directly comparing screening to usual *** effective cancer screening test should not only increase the incidence of early-stage preclinical disease but should also decrease the incidence of advanced and metastatic cancer,as well as a subsequent decrease in cancer-related ***,screening efforts may be uncovering a reservoir of non-progressive and very slowly progressive lesions that were not destined to cause symptoms or suffering during the person’s remaining natural lifespan:a phenomenon known as“overdiagnosis.”We provide here a qualitative review of cancer overdiagnosis and discuss specific examples due to extensive population-based screening,including neuroblastoma,prostate cancer,thyroid cancer,lung cancer,melanoma,and breast *** harms of unnecessary diagnosis and cancer therapy call for a balanced presentation to people considering undergoing screening,even with a test of accepted benefit,with a goal of informed *** also discuss proposed strategies to mitigate the adverse sequelae of overdiagnosis.

关键词： Cancer overdiagnosis Screening

High prevalence of soil-transmitted helminths in Southern Belize-highlighting opportunity for control interventions

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2014年第5期4卷 345-353页

作者： Rina Girard kaminsky steven k.Ault Phillip Castillo kenton Serrano Guillermo Troya Department of Paediatrics School of MedicineNational Autonomous University of Honduras and Parasitology ServiceDepartment of Clinical Laboratory University Hospital Department of Communicable Diseases and Health Analysis Pan American Health Organization Southern Regional Hospital Stann Creek DistrictMinistry of Health Head of PAHO/WHO in Suriname former Services of Health Systems Consultant

Objective:To assess prevalence and intensity of soil-transmitted helminths(STH) in school age children of two southern districts as baseline information prior to implement a deworming program against intestinal parasites as part of an integrated country development ***:Children randomly selected from urban and rural schools in Southern Belize provided one stool sample each,analysed by the kato-katz method to assess prevalence and intensity of STH *** Info software was used for data analysis;Chi-square test and Fischer exact test were applied to compare group proportions;Pkworm infections tended to be more frequent in the older group 10 to 12 years *** significances(P≤0.01)were found in children in rural schools infected with any species of STH,in moderate Trichuris infections,in hookworm infections in rural areas with strong Mayan presence and in Ascaris infections in children of Mayan ***:High prevalence of STH in Southern Belize provided sound ground for implementing an integrated deworming control program.

关键词： Belize Intestinal parasites Soil-transmitted helminths Survey

Validity of continuous-failure-state unloading triaxial tests as a means to estimate the residual strength of rocks

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2021年第4期13卷 717-726页

作者： Gabriel Walton steven Gaines Leandro R.Alejano Department of Geology and Engineering Geology Colorado School of MinesGoldenCO80401USA Natural Resources Canada CanmetMININGOttawaOntarioK1A 1M1Canada Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Engineering Universidad de VigoVigo36310Spain

The residual strength of rocks and rock masses is an important parameter to be constrained for analysis and design purposes in many rock engineering applications.A residual strength envelope in principal stress space is typically developed using residual strength data obtained from compression tests on many different specimens of the same rock *** this study,we examined the potential for use of the continuous-failure-state testing concept as a means to constrain the residual strength envelope using a limited number of ***,cylindrical specimens of three rock types(granodiorite,diabase,and Stanstead granite)were unloaded at the residual state such that a full residual strength envelope for each individual specimen was *** a residual strength model that introduces a single new strength parameter(the residual strength index,or RSI),the results of the continuous-failurestate unloading tests were compared to conventionally obtained residual strength ***,the continuous-failure-state residual strength data were found to be consistent with the conventional residual strength ***,it was identified that the primary factor limiting an accurate characterization of the residual strength for a given rock type is not the amount of data for a given specimen,but the variety of specimens available to characterize the inherent variability of the rock unit of ***,the use of continuous-failure-state testing for estimation of the residual strength of a rock unit is only recommended when the number of specimens available for testing is very limited(i.e.<5).

关键词： Residual strength Continuous-failure-state testing Compression testing Brittle rock mechanics

Association of types of diabetes and insulin dependency on birth outcomes

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2022年第7期10卷 2147-2158页

作者： Pamela k Xaverius steven W Howard Deborah kiel Jerry E Thurman Ethan Wankum Catherine Carter Clairy Fang Romi Carriere Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Saint Louis UniversitySt.LouisMO 63104United States Department of Health Management and Policy Saint Louis UniversitySt.LouisMO 63104United States Department of Endocrinology Diabetes and MetabolismSSM HealthSt.CharlesMO 63303United States Division of Epidemiology Institute for Health and EquityMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWI 53226United States Department of Epidemiology Fielding School of Public HealthUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90095United States Population Health Sciences Institute Centre for Ageing and VitalityNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneEngland NE45PLUnited Kingdom

BACkGROUND Diabetes rates among pregnant women in the United States have been increasing and are associated with adverse pregnancy *** To investigate differences in birth outcomes(preterm birth,macrosomia,and neonatal death)by diabetes *** Cross-sectional design,using linked Missouri birth and death certificates(singleton births only),2010 to 2012(n=204057).Exposure was diabetes non-diabetic,pre-pregnancy diabetes-insulin dependent(PD-I),pre-pregnancy diabetes-non-insulin dependent(PD-NI),gestational diabetes-insulin dependent(GD-I),and gestational diabetes-non-insulin dependent(GD-NI).Outcomes included preterm birth,macrosomia,and infant *** included demographic characteristics,adequacy of prenatal care,body mass index,smoking,hypertension,and previous preterm *** and multivariate logistic regression assessed differences in outcomes by diabetes *** Women with PD-I,PD-NI,and GD-I remained at a significantly increased odds for preterm birth(aOR 2.87,aOR 1.77,and aOR 1.73,respectively)and having a very large baby[macrosomia](aOR 3.01,aOR 2.12,and aOR 1.96,respectively);in reference to non-diabetic *** with GDNI were at a significantly increased risk for macrosomia(aOR1.53),decreased risk for their baby to die before their first birthday(aOR 0.41)and no difference in risk for preterm birth in reference to non-diabetic *** Diabetes is associated with the poor birth *** management of diabetes during pregnancy and healthy lifestyle behaviors before pregnancy can reduce the risk for diabetes and poor birth outcomes.

关键词： Epidemiology Pregnancy Health care delivery Birth outcomes Gestational diabetes Insulin

Using a temporal phylogenetic method to harmonize familyand genus-level classification in the largest clade of lichen-forming fungi

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Fungal Diversity 2017年第3期84卷 101-117页

作者： Pradeep k.Divakar Ana Crespo Ekaphan kraichak steven D.Leavitt Garima Singh Imke Schmitt H.Thorsten Lumbsch Departamento de Biología Vegetal II Facultad de FarmaciaUniversidad Complutense de Madrid28040 MadridSpain Department of Botany Faculty of ScienceKasetsart UniversityBangkokThailand Department of Biology and M.L.Bean Life Science Museum Brigham Young University4102 Life Science BuildingProvoUT 84602USA Department of Biological Sciences Institute of EcologyEvolution and DiversityGoethe Universitat and Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre(BiK-F)Frankfurt am MainGermany Science&Education The Field MuseumChicagoILUSA

Although classification at supra-specific ranks is inherently arbitrary,comparable taxonomic ranks within clades can facilitate more consistent classifications and objective comparisons among *** circumscriptions of the hyper-diverse lichen-forming fungal family Parmeliaceae and widely different generic circumscriptions among authors have been *** this study,we use a recently developed temporal approach that uses timecalibrated chronograms to identify temporal bands for specific ranks in Parmeliaceae and allied groups with the overarching goal of establishing a consistent,stable classification.A data set of 330 species,representing 73 genera in the family and 52 species of related families was used to address the circumscription of Parmeliaceae and its genera following the proposed temporal *** on the results of this study,we propose a revised,temporal-based classification for Parmeliaceae,including all clades that share a common ancestor 102.13–112.88 Ma for families and a time window of 29.45–32.55 Ma for *** of the currently accepted genera in Parmeliaceae were supported in their current *** subfamilies are accepted within Parmeliaceae:Protoparmelioideae Divakar et ***.,including Protoparmelia and the resurrected genus Maronina,and Parmelioideae,including the bulk of genera in the *** new genus Austromelanelixia Divakar et *** proposed to accommodate a clade of southern Hemisphere species previously included in *** and tentatively Dolichousnea are resurrected as genera separate from *** following genera are reduced to synonymy:Allocetraria,Cetrariella,Usnocetraria,and Vulpicida with Cetraria;Arctocetraria,Cetreliopsis,Flavocetraria,kaernefeltia,Masonhalea,Tuckermanella,and Tuckermannopsis with Nephromopsis;and the lichenicolous genera Nesolechia and Raesaenenia with the lichen-forming genera Punctelia and Protousnea,respectively.A total of 47 new combinations and

关键词： Ascomycota Gypsoplacaceae Lecanorales Lichenized fungi Parmeliaceae Phylogeny Protoparmelia Taxonomy Taxonomicranks

Closed 3-stop Center and Periphery in Graphs

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2012年第3期28卷 439-452页

作者： Linda EROH Ralucca GERA steven J. WINTERS Department of Mathematics University of Wisconsin Oshkosh Department of Applied Mathematics Naval Postgraduate School

A delivery person must leave the central location of the business, deliver packages at a number of addresses, and then return. Naturally, he/she wishes to reduce costs by finding the most efficient route. This motivates the following： Given a set of k distinct vertices S = {x1, x2,..., xk } in a simple graph G, the closed k-stop-distance of set S is defined to be

关键词： Central appendage number peripheral appendage number Steiner distance