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Hepatocellular carcinoma clinical update: Current standards and therapeutic strategies

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Liver Research 2020年第4期4卷 180-190页

作者： steven d.colquhoun department of Surgery University of California DavisSacramentoCAUSA

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)accounts for the vast majority of primary hepatic *** overall incidence of this disease has always been significant,but in recent years it has continued to rise,now making HCC one of the leading causes of cancer deaths ***,research into the mechanisms of carcinogenesis and treatment options for this disease has also been progressing *** the future for new insights and therapies appears more promising than ever,it also remains important to understand both the nature of HCC and the current state-of-the-art for treating affected *** surgery is often considered to be a first choice,many patients present with extensive disease and are therefore not operative ***,significant clinical advances over the last decade have contributed a number of new or improved treatment *** of these treatments require expertise from a variety of different clinical ***,managing patients with HCC has rapidly become a multi-modality,multi-disciplinary endeavor in which the details of each in-dividual’s circumstance can greatly impact outcomes,and strategies can be quite *** purpose of this review is to provide a perspective on the disease itself,the patients who become afflicted,the spectrum of currently available treatment options,and the strategies for their optimal *** knowledge can be critically important as new data become available on the research front.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) Ablation Transarterial chemoembolization(TACE) High intensity focused ultrasound(HIFU) Stereotactic body radiation therapy(SBRT) Irreversible electroporation(IRE) Liver surgery Liver transplantation

Overexpression of Galectin-1 and Galectin-3 in hepatocellular carcinoma

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Liver Research 2020年第4期4卷 173-179页

作者： Tahereh Setayesh steven d.colquhoun Yu-Jui Yvonne Wan department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of California DavisSacramentoCAUSA department of Surgery University of California DavisSacramentoCAUSA

Galectins(Gals)are evolutionarily conserved proteins that bind to b-galactoside containing *** expression of Gals is associated with the development,progression,and metastasis of different types of *** the 11 Gals identified in humans,the roles of Gal-1 and Gal-3 have been extensively investigated in various ***,we summarize the roles of overly expressed Gal-1 and Gal-3 in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).The overexpression of Gal-1 and Gal-3 correlates with tumor growth,HCC cell migration and invasion,tumor aggressiveness,metastasis,and poor prognosis.A potentially promising future treatment strategy for HCC may include the combination of immunotherapy with Gal-1 *** research is warranted to investigate targeting Gal-1 and Gal-3 for HCC treatment.

关键词： Galectin-1(Gal-1) Galectin-3(Gal-3) Liver cancer Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) Fibrosis Cirrhosis Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH) Metastasis Epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)

Hepatocellular carcinoma immunotherapy:The impact of epigenetic drugs and the gut microbiome

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Liver Research 2020年第4期4卷 191-198页

作者： Farzam Vaziri steven d.colquhoun Yu-Jui Yvonne Wan department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of California DavisSacramentoCAUSA department of Surgery University of California DavisSacramentoCAUSA

The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)has been increasing for *** disease has now risen to become the sixth most common malignancy overall,while ranking as the third most frequent cause of cancer *** several surgical interventions and loco-regional treatment options are available,up to 80%of patients present with advanced disease not amenable to standard ***,traditional cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents are notoriously ineffective and essentially play no role in the management of affected *** has led to an enormous need for more effective sys-temic therapeutic *** recent years,immunotherapy has emerged as a potentially viable and exciting new alternative for the treatment of *** the current immunotherapeutic options remain imperfect,various strategies can be employed to further improve their *** findings have revealed epigenetic modulation can be effective as a new approach for improving HCC *** the gut microbiome(gut-liver axis)can also be an interesting subject in this ***,we explore the latest insights into the role of immunotherapy treating HCC,both mono and in combination with other *** also focus on the impact of epigenetic drugs and the microbiome in the overall effectiveness of HCC immunotherapy.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) Immunotherapy Gut microbiota Epigenetic drugs Combination therapy

Hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis and treatment: An overview

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Liver Research 2020年第4期4卷 159-160页

作者： steven d.colquhoun Yu-Jui Yvonne Wan department of Surgery University of California DavisSacramentoCAUSA department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of California DavisSacramentoCAUSA

For decades,chronic liver disease has remained an increasing global health *** vaccines and antiviral therapies,both hepatitis B and C remain enormous clinical *** steatosis has become a rapidly increasing worldwide concern that can be appropriately characterized as an evolving epidemic.1 Aroundtheworld alcohol consumption is onthe rise,while autoim-mune conditions and environmental toxins all continue contrib-uting to this seemingly universal health *** common denominator of chronic liver disease is progressive hepatic inflam-mation leading to fibrosis and cirrhosis.

关键词： diagnosis clinical treatment

Oligodendroglial heterogeneity in health,disease,and recovery:deeper insights into myelin dynamics

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第11期20卷 3179-3192页

作者： Pieter-Jan Serneels Julie d.de Schutter Lies de Groef Lieve Moons steven Bergmans KU Leuven Leuven Brain InstituteDepartment of BiologyAnimal Physiology and Neurobiology DivisionNeural Circuit Development&Regeneration Research GroupLeuvenBelgium KU Leuven Leuven Brain InstituteDepartment of BiologyAnimal Physiology and Neurobiology DivisionCellular Communication&Neurodegeneration Research GroupLeuvenBelgium

decades of research asserted that the oligodendroglial lineage comprises two cell types:oligodendrocyte precursor cells and ***,recent studies employing single-cell RNA sequencing techniques have uncovered novel cell states,prompting a revision of the existing *** forward,the oligodendroglial lineage should be delineated into five distinct cell states:oligodendrocyte precursor cells,committed oligodendrocyte precursor cells,newly formed oligodendrocytes,myelin-forming oligodendrocytes,and mature *** new classification system enables a deeper understanding of the oligodendroglia in both physiological and pathological *** this uniform terminology will facilitate comparison and integration of data across ***,including the consolidation of findings from various demyelinating models,is essential to better understand the pathogenesis of demyelinating ***,comparing injury models across species with varying regenerative capacities can provide insights that may lead to new therapeutic strategies to overcome remyelination ***,by standardizing terminology and synthesizing data from diverse studies across different animal models,we can enhance our understanding of myelin pathology in central nervous system disorders such as multiple sclerosis,Alzheimer's disease,and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,all of which involve oligodendroglial and myelin dysfunction.

关键词： animal models demyelination fish mammals multiple sclerosis myelin neurodegeneration oligodendrocytes oligodendroglial lineage remyelination

Hierarchical methodology to evaluate the quality of disparate axle load data sources for pavement design

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2022年第2期9卷 261-279页

作者： steven Wood Jonathan d.Regehr Transportation division City of WinnipegWinnipegMB R3B 1B9Canada department of Civil Engineering University of ManitobaMB R3T 5V6Canada

Axle load data are an essential input for pavement design,yet for most North American agencies,there is uncertainty about the quality of axle load data obtained from weigh-inmotion(WIM)systems,the applicability of these data for pavement design,and potential opportunities to integrate axle load data from disparate *** article presents a novel and practical methodology to evaluate the quality of axle load data from WIM systems and roadside weigh scales through a series of hierarchical analyses designed to test data *** applied using data from Manitoba,Canada,the methodology quantified the uncertainty of axle loads measured at the weigh scales and piezo-quartz WIM,concluding that both could be used for pavement design *** collected at piezo-polymer WIM sites exhibited poorer data validity;however,application of site-specific temperature correction factors significantly improved data validity at these *** article describes how other data quality dimensions,including spatial coverage,temporal coverage,and long-term data availability,could be considered when determining the suitability of disparate axle load data sources for pavement *** of the methodology enables a pragmatic evaluation of the quality and limitations of commonlyavailable axle load data,revealing uncertainties and data needs relevant for pavement design practice.

关键词： Road engineering Pavement design Axle load Weigh-in-motion data quality Truck traffic

Current status of laparoscopy for the treatment of rectal cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第41期20卷 15125-15134页

作者： Noam Shussman steven d Wexner department of Colorectal Surgery Cleveland Clinic Florida

Surgery for rectal cancer in complex and entails many *** the laparoscopic approach in general and specific to colon cancer has been long proven to have short term benefits and to be oncologically safe,it is still a debatable topic for rectal *** attempt to benefit rectal cancer patients with the known advantages of the laparoscopic approach while not compromising their oncologic outcome has led to the conduction of many studies during the past *** we describe our technique for laparoscopic proctectomy and assess the current literature dealing with short term outcomes,immediate oncologic measures(such as lymph node yield and specimen quality) and long term oncologic outcomes of laparoscopic rectal cancer *** also briefly evaluate the evolving issues of robotic assisted rectal cancer surgery and the current innovations and trends in the minimally invasive approach to rectal cancer surgery.

关键词： Laparoscopy Rectal cancer Minimally invasive surgery Oncological outcomes Short term benefits

An investigation of roof runoff during rain events at the Royal Military College of Canada and potential discharge to Lake Ontario

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2011年第7期23卷 1072-1078页

作者： david G. Kelly Ron d. Weir steven d. White Analytical Sciences Group & SLOWPOKE-2 Facility at RMC Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Royal Military College of Canada 11 General Crerar Crescent

The Royal Military College of Canada, located on the north eastern shore of Lake Ontario, possesses an abundance of copper roofs and lacks surface water treatment prior to discharge into Lake Ontario. Rainwater, roof runoff and soil samples were collected and analyzed for copper and other parameters. Copper was consistently detected in runoff samples with average concentrations of 3200 ± 2100 μg/L. Multivariable linear regression analysis for a dependant copper runoff concentration yielded an adjusted R 2 value of 0.611, based on an independent variable model using minimum temperature, maximum temperature, total precipitation, and wind speed. Lake water samples taken in the vicinity of storm water outfalls draining areas with copper roofs ranged from 2.0 to 40 μg/L copper. Such data exceed the 2.0 μg/L Canadian Water Quality Guidelines for the Protection of Aquatic Life as outlined by the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment （CCME）. Analysis of raw, filtered and digested forms suggested that the majority of copper present in runoff and lake water samples was in a dissolved form. The majority of soils taken in this study displayed copper concentrations below the 63 μg/g CCME residential/parkland land use limits. These findings suggested that ion exchange processes between runoff water and soil do not occur to a sufficient extent to elevate copper levels in soil. It may therefore be concluded that the eventual fate of copper, which is not discharged via storm water outfalls, is lost to the water table and Lake Ontario through the sub-soil.

关键词： copper roof runoff Lake Ontario Canadian water quality guidelines for the protection of aquatic life

New instability and mixing simulations using SPH and a novel mixing measure

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2020年第4期32卷 684-698页

作者： Georgina Reece Benedict d.Rogers steven Lind Georgios Fourtakas department of Mechanical Aerospace and Civil EngineeringUniversityof ManchesterManchesterUK

This paper assesses the ability of smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) to simulate mixing of two-phase flows and theirtransition to instabilities under different flow regimes. A new measure for quantification of the degree of mixing between phases in aLagrangian framework is also developed. The method is validated using the lid-driven cavity and two-phase Poiseuille flow cases. Thevelocity along the centre of the cavity is compared with results from the literature, whilst commercial volume-of-fluid codeSTAR-CCM+ provides a benchmark for the mixing and different mixing measures are considered. The velocity of two-phase Poiseuilleflow along the channel is compared to the analytical solution, and the appearance of interfacial instabilities with perturbation *** is the first time SPH has been used to investigate the onset and development of these instabilities. In particular, it is able to modelthe deforming shape of the interface, which is not given by analytical studies, while also offering improved predictions overconventional mesh-based computational fluid dynamics simulations.

关键词： Smoothed particle hydrodynamics(SPH) multi-phase mixing instability