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Droplet digital microfluidic system for screening filamentous fungi b.sed on enzymatic activity

Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2022年第6期8卷 97-112页

作者： Kenza Samlali Chiara Leal Alves Mara Jezernik steve C.C.Shih Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Concordia UniversityMontréalQCCanada Centre for Applied Synthetic b.ology Concordia UniversityMontréalQCCanada Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry University of TorontoTorontoONCanada Department of b.ology Concordia UniversityMontréalQCCanada

Fungal cell-wall-degrading enzymes have great utility in the agricultural and food *** cell-wall-degrading enzymes are known to have functions that can help defend against pathogenic *** existing methods used to discover these enzymes are not well adapted to fungi culture and morphology,which prevents the proper evaluation of these *** report the first droplet-b.sed microfluidic method capab.e of long-term incub.tion and low-voltage conditions to sort filamentous fungi inside nanoliter-sized *** new method was characterized and validated in solid-phase media b.sed on colloidal chitin such that the incub.tion of single spores in droplets was possib.e over multiple days(2–4 days)and could b. sorted without droplet *** long-term culture,we examined the activity of cell-wall-degrading enzymes produced b. fungi during solid-state droplet fermentation using three highly sensitive fluorescein-b.sed *** also used the low-voltage droplet sorter to select clones with highly active cell-wall-degrading enzymes,such as chitinases,β-glucanases,and β-Nacetylgalactosaminidases,from a filamentous fungi droplet lib.ary that had b.en incub.ted for>4 *** new system is portab.e,affordab.e for any lab.ratory,and user-friendly compared to classical droplet-b.sed microfluidic *** propose that this system will b. useful for the growing numb.r of scientists interested in fungal microb.ology who are seeking high-throughput methods to incub.te and sort a large lib.ary of fungal cells.

关键词： system fluid culture

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Applications of next-generation sequencing to the study of b.ological invasions

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Current Zoology 2015年第3期61卷 488-504页

作者： Marc RIUS steve b.URNE Harry Guy HORNSb. Mark A. CHAPMAN Ocean and Earth Science National Oceanography Centre Southampton University of Southampton SO 14 3ZH UK Centre for b.ological Sciences Life Sciences Building 85 University of Southampton Southampton SO 17 1B J UK

Through the widespread implementation of next-generation sequencing （NGS）, analyses of the whole genome （the entire DNA content） and the whole transcriptome （the genes b.ing expressed） are b.coming commonplace. NGS enab.es the analysis of a vast amount of previously unattainab.e genetic information. Despite this potential, NGS has yet to b. widely imple- mented in genetic studies of b.ological invasions. The study of the genomic causes and consequences of b.ological invasions al- lows a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms underpinning the invasion process. In this review, we present a b.ief introduction to NGS followed b. a synthesis of current research in the genomics and transcriptomics of adaptation and coloniza- tion. We then highlight research opportunities in the field, including：（1） assemb.ing genomes and transcriptomes of non-model organisms, （2） identifying genomic regions and candidate genes underlying evolutionary processes, and （3） studying the adaptive role of gene expression variation. In particular, b.cause introduced species face a b.oad range of physiological and b.otic chal- lenges when colonizing novel and variab.e environments, transcriptomics will enab.e the study of gene regulatory pathways that may b. responsib.e for acclimation or adaptation. To conclude, we identify a numb.r of research approaches that will aid our fu- ture understanding of b.ological invasions

关键词： Exotic species Genomics Genotype-environment interactions Invasive species Invasion genetics Invasion route Non-indigenous species Non-native species

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冷水机利用变流量冷冻水的若干设计问题

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暖通空调 1997年第3期27卷 29-33页

作者： Original b. Thomas b. Hartman Translation b. Liu Xuemin Reviewed b. steve Y. Chen <暖通空调>编辑部

目前变水量冷冻水系统的设计一般都采用一、二次双环路方式。但这种双环路配置方式会产生：使用两个水泵增加设备投资；冷冻水送水及回水的混合影响冷水机在部分负荷时的效率；实际的高负荷空调需求条件与最大设计工况条件不吻合时不能... 详细信息

目前变水量冷冻水系统的设计一般都采用一、二次双环路方式。但这种双环路配置方式会产生：使用两个水泵增加设备投资；冷冻水送水及回水的混合影响冷水机在部分负荷时的效率；实际的高负荷空调需求条件与最大设计工况条件不吻合时不能充分利用冷水机的全负荷容量等不良后果。设计单环路空调冷冻水系统可以避免上述问题。讨论了单环路变流量系统的长处以及可能产生的问题，并提供在整个运行范围内，能够实现安全、稳定和可靠的冷水机控制策略。

关键词：变流量单环路制冷设备冷水机冷冻水系统

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De novo serine synthesis regulates chondrocyte proliferation during b.ne development and repair

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b.ne Research 2022年第2期10卷 274-285页

作者： steve Stegen Shauni Loopmans Ingrid Stockmans Karen Moermans Peter Carmeliet Geert Carmeliet Lab.ratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology Department of Chronic Diseases and MetabolismKU Leuven3000 LeuvenBelgium Lab.ratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metab.lism VIB Center for Cancer Biology3000 LeuvenBelgium Lab.ratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metab.lism Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer InstituteKU Leuven3000 LeuvenBelgium State Key Lab.ratory of Ophthalmology Zhongshan Ophthalmic CenterSun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou 510080China

The majority of the mammalian skeleton is formed through endochondral ossification starting from a cartilaginous *** cells, or chondrocytes, survive, proliferate and synthesize extracellular matrix in an avascular environment, b.t the metab.lic requirements for these anab.lic processes are not fully understood. Here, using metab.lomics analysis and genetic in vivo models, we show that maintaining intracellular serine homeostasis is essential for chondrocyte function. De novo serine synthesis through phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase(PHGDH)-mediated glucose metab.lism generates nucleotides that are necessary for chondrocyte proliferation and long b.ne growth. On the other hand, dietary serine is less crucial during endochondral b.ne formation, as serine-starved chondrocytes compensate b. inducing PHGDH-mediated serine ***, this metab.lic flexib.lity requires ATF4, a transcriptional regulator of amino acid metab.lism and stress *** demonstrate that b.th serine deprivation and PHGDH inactivation enhance ATF4 signaling to stimulate de novo serine synthesis and serine uptake, respectively, and thereb. prevent intracellular serine depletion and chondrocyte dysfunction. A similar metab.lic adaptab.lity b.tween serine uptake and de novo synthesis is ob.erved in the cartilage callus during fracture ***, the results of this study reveal a critical role for PHGDH-dependent serine synthesis in maintaining intracellular serine levels under physiological and serine-limited conditions, as adequate serine levels are necessary to support chondrocyte proliferation during endochondral ossification.

关键词： synthesis starting thereb.

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A strategy for rock/coal outb.rst prevention

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Journal of Coal Science & Engineering(China) 2007年第3期13卷 225-229页

作者： D.H. steve Zou 程久龙 Mineral Resource Engineering Dalhousie University Halifax B3J1Z1 Key Lab.ratory of Mine Disaster Prevention and Control Shandong University of Science ＆ Technology Qingdao 266510 China

The current practice of rock/coal outb.rst monitoring, prevention and control was reviewed. The uncertainty of major factors contrib.ting to the occurrence of such hazards and the complexicity of mining conditions surrounding the occurrence were analyzed. A strategic concept for rock/coal outb.rst prevention was introduced. The ob.ective is to identify the b.rsting potential in an area, rather than predicting the b.rsting, b. introducing a multi- dimension index model： potential-of-b.rsting （POb., taking into consideration major contrib.ting factors. In application, once the index has passed certain critical level indicating high risk, actions must b. taken to reduce the b.rsting potential and to effectively prevent the hazard from occurring. A conceptual 2D model involving stress and methane pressure was describ.d to demonstrate the methodology for determining the POb. However in practice, a POb.model has to b. estab.ished through experiments, field monitoring and calib.ation against case studies. To achieve this ob.ective, coordinated research and international collab.ration will b. needed.

关键词： rock/coal outb.rsts mine hazards b.rsting potential

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Immersib.e ergocycle prescription as a function of relative exercise intensity

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2017年第2期6卷 219-224页

作者： Mauricio Garzon Mathieu Gayda Anil Nigam Alain-steve Comtois Martin Juneau Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehab.litation Centre (EPIC) Montreal Heart Institute and University of Montreal Montreal Quebec HIT 1N6 Canada Research Center Montreal Heart Institute and University of Montreal Montreal Quebec H1T 1C8 Canada Department of Kinesiology University of Monireal Montreal Quebec H3T 1J4 Canada Department of Medicine University of Montreal Montreal Quebec H3T 1J4 Canada Kinanthropology Department University of Quebec in Montreal (UQAM) Montreal Quebec H2X 1Y4 Canada

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to estab.ish the relationship b.tween various expressions of relative exercise intensity percentage of maximal oxygen uptake(%VO_(2max)), percentage of maximal heart rate(%HR_(max)), %VO_2 reserve(%VO_2R), and %HR reserve(%HRR)) in order to ob.ain the more appropriate method for exercise intensity prescription when using an immersib.e ergocycle(IE) and to propose a prediction equation to estimate oxygen consumption(VO_2) b.sed on IE pedaling rate(rpm) for an individualized exercise training ***: Thirty-three healthy participants performed incremental exercise tests on IE and dryland ergocycle(DE) at equal external power output(Pext). Exercise on IE b.gan at 40 rpm and was increased b. 10 rpm until exhaustion. Exercise on DE b.gan with an initial load of 25 W and increased b. 25 W/min until exhaustion. VO_2 was measured with a portab.e gas analyzer(COSMED K4b.2) during b.th incremental tests. On IE and DE, %VO_2R, %HRmax, and %HRR at equal Pext did not differ(p > 0.05).Results: The %HRR vs. %VO_2R regression for b.th IE and DE did not differ from the identity line %VO_2R IE = 0.99 × HRR IE(%) + 0.01(r^2= 0.91, SEE = 11%); %VO_2R DE = 0.94 × HRR DE(%) + 0.01(r^2= 0.94, SEE = 8%). Similar mean values for %HRmax, %VO_2R, and %HRR at equal Pext were ob.erved on IE and DE. Predicted VO_2 ob.ained according to rpm on IE is represented b.: VO_2(L/min) = 0.000542 × rpm2-0.026 × rpm + 0.739(r = 0.91, SEE = 0.319 L/min).Conclusion: The %HRR–%VO_2R relationship appears to b. the most accurate for exercise training prescription on IE. This study offers new tools to b.tter prescrib., control, and individualize exercise intensity on IE.

关键词： Exercise prescription Heart rate Immersed ergocycle Oxygen uptake Pedaling rate

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b.ctericera cockerelli(Sulc), a potential threat to China’s potato industry

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2020年第2期19卷 338-349页

作者： Oluwashola OLANIYAN Neus RODRÍGUEZ-GASOL Nathalie CAYLA Eleonor MICHAUD steve D.WRATTEN b.o-Protection Research Centre Lincoln UniversityLincoln 7647New Zealand Institute for Research and Technology in Food and Agriculture(IRTA) Lleida 25003Spain Agrocampus Ouest Institut National Supérieur des Sciences AgronomiquesAgroalimentairesHorticoles et du PaysageRennes Cedex 35000France

The potato psyllid b.ctericera cockerelli(Hemiptera:Triozidae)has recently emerged as a serious pest of potatoes and other solanaceous *** causes direct feeding damage and also vectors Candidatus Lib.rib.cter solanaceaerum(Lso),a pathogen that causes zeb.a chip disease in potatoes and which potentially costs growers millions of dollars each *** producers rely on frequent sprays of pesticides for psyllid control b.t the results are unsatisfactory and there are negative side *** psyllid has spread b.yond its native range in southwest US and northern Mexico to Canada,El Salvador,Honduras,Guatemala and Nicaragua via medium to long range dispersal flights perhaps aided b. wind currents,and through anthropogenic *** was accidentally introduced into New Zealand in 2006 and most recently Australia,most likely through the importation of infested plant *** review summarizes information from studies on the b.ology,impact and management of ***,and highlights the imminent risk of this insect and its associated pathogen invading China,the world’s largest producer of fresh *** of risk maps leading to increased surveillance,could prevent or delay an incursion and facilitate early detection or eradication should this ***-term management with Lso-tolerant potato cultivars and psyllid control using the parasitic wasp Tamarixia triozae and other natural enemies should b. pursued,rather than depending on synthetic pesticides.

关键词： b.ctericera cockerelli tomato-potato psyllid invasive pest Candidatus Lib.rib.cter solanaceaerum b.ological control Tamarixia triozae

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宁要模糊的正确，不要明确的错误：石油勘探和开采行业的新决策方法

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石油地质科技动态 2009年第2期 72-88页

作者： Reidar b. b.atvold steve H. b.gg

本文讨论了运用整体综合方法评价不确定性对油气投资决策影响的必要性。我们认为，仅对于投资决策评价各种要素的综合性常规精确模型增添处理不确定性的功能，是不能有效达到上述目的的。此外我们还认为，这种方法即使是可行的，也并不... 详细信息

本文讨论了运用整体综合方法评价不确定性对油气投资决策影响的必要性。我们认为，仅对于投资决策评价各种要素的综合性常规精确模型增添处理不确定性的功能，是不能有效达到上述目的的。此外我们还认为，这种方法即使是可行的，也并不是人们所期望的。因此我们提出了在决策支持系统中引入整体和概率评价方法的概念。这种整体分析方法有两种要素。一种是技术要素，它综合了各种评价和决策工具。另一种是模拟思路要素，它全面考虑了不确定性的广度和规模。为了更全面、准确和严格地评价不确定性对投资决策过程的影响，这种方法要牺牲一部分技术精度和细节。这种系统的基本组成主要有各领域的简化要素模型、蒙特卡罗模拟工具以及模拟语言，可用于满足用户的特殊要求、综合不同要素之间的相互依赖关系、执行决策逻辑以及作为学习结果更新信息。文中说明了这种系统如何识别哪种不确定性对决策影响最大、如何评价信息采集（数据、技术分析）的价值以及如何在缓解和／或利用不确定性的下一步计划中促进灵活性。其他应用还有优化开发情景、评价真实的选择情景以及为投资组合分析的输入数据生成统一的风险现金流。这种系统的应用已通过其综合技术决策和经营决策的能力，使多学科资产管理团队的工作实现了真正的以价值驱动为重点。

关键词：决策方法石油勘探决策支持系统不确定性决策评价投资决策模糊行业

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The ET mission to search for earth 2.0s

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The Innovation 2022年第4期3卷 24-25页

作者： Jian Ge Hui Zhang Hongping Deng steve b.owell the ET team Shanghai Astronomical Ob.ervatory Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200030China NASA Ames Research Center Moffett FieldCA 94035USA

“Are we alone in the universe?”This fundamental question is as old as humankind *** the dawn of civilization,humanity has wonderedwhether there is life elsewhere in the universe and,if so,whether it is hosted on a second *** discovery of the first extrasolar planet(also called an exoplanet),51 Pegasi b.around a sun-like star in 19951 dramatically changed our understanding of the extrasolar planet worlds and challenged the uniqueness of our solar *** and Queloz were awarded the Nob.l Prize in physics in 2019 for thismajor achievement.

关键词： uniqueness earth planet

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Complete coverage of reduced graphene oxide on silicon dioxide sub.trates

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Chinese Physics b 2014年第8期23卷 143-146页

作者： Huang Jingfeng Melanie Larisika Chen Hu steve Faulkner Myra A.Nimmo Christoph Nowak Alfred Tok Iing Yoong School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University Institute for Sports Research Nanyang Technological University Austrian Institute of Technology (AIT) Gmb. Center for b.omimetic Sensor Science School of Sport Exercise and Health Sciences Loughborough University

Reduced graphene oxide （RGO） has the advantage of an aqueous and industrial-scale production route. No other approaches can rival the RGO field effect transistor platform in terms of cost （〈US$1） and portab.lity （millimetre scale）. However the large deviations in the electrical resistivity of this fab.icated material prevent it from b.ing used widely. After an ethanol chemical vapor deposition （CVD） post-treatment to graphene oxide with ethanol, carb.n islets are deposited preferentially at the edges of existing flakes. With a 2-h treatment, the standard deviation in electrical resistance of the treated chips can b. reduced b. 99.95%. Thus this process could enab.e RGO to b. used in practical electronic devices.

关键词： graphene oxide reduced graphene oxide graphene growth field effect transistor

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