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Relating estimates of wood properties of birch to stem form, age and species

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Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第3期35卷 1-11页

作者： Grace jones Maria Ulan Mateusz Liziniewicz Johan Lindeberg Stergios Adamopoulos Teagasc Forestry Development Department Ashtown Research CentreDublin 15 D15DY05Ireland Research Institutes of Sweden(RISE) GoteborgSweden The Forest Research Institute of Sweden(Skogforsk) Ekebo 225026890SvalovSweden Department of Forestry and Wood Technology Linnaeus University35195VaxjoSweden Department of Forest Biomaterials and Technology Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesBox 700875007 UppsalaSweden

Birch has long suffered from a lack of active forest management,leading many researchers to use mate-rial without a detailed management *** collected from three birch(Betula pendula Roth,*** Ehrh.)sites in southern Sweden were analyzed using regression analysis to detect any trends or differences in wood proper-ties that could be explained by stand history,tree age and stem *** sites were genetics trials established in the same *** of acoustic velocity(AV)from non-destructive testing(NDT)and predicted AV had a higher correlation if data was pooled across sites and other stem form factors were considered.A subsample of stems had radial profiles of X-ray wood density and ring width by year created,and wood density was related to ring number from the pith and ring *** seemed likely that wood density was negatively related to ring width for both birch *** models had slight improvements if site and species were included,but only the youngest site with trees at age 15 had both birch *** paper indicated that NDT values need to be considered separately,and any predictive models will likely be improved if they are specific to the site and birch species measured.

关键词： Acoustic velocity Non-destructive testing Predictive models Regression analysis Wood density

Innovative hydrogel-based delivery systems for immunotherapy:A review of pre-clinical progress

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Nano Research 2024年第10期17卷 9031-9043页

作者： Narsimha Mamidi Michael Poellmann Kaila Javius-jones Kichang Nam Seungpyo Hong Wisconsin center for NanoBioSystems University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI 53705USA Pharmaceutical Sciences Division School of PharmacyUniversity of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI 53705USA Department of Medical Engineering College of MedicineDongguk UniversityGoyang 10326Republic of Korea Department of Pharmacy Yonsei UniversityIncheon 21983Republic of Korea Lachman Institute for Pharmaceutical Development University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI 53705USA

Immunotherapy has markedly reinvented how we treat cancer,as shown by numerous Food and Drug Administration(FDA)drug approvals that have made significant clinical impact and ongoing clinical ***,undesirable side effects,such as autoimmunity and inflammation,and inconsistent clinical outcomes remain a major *** response rates across various immunotherapeutic reagents is imperative to enhance overall effectiveness and reduce adverse side *** address this challenge,interdisciplinary approaches have been explored by incorporating immunotherapies into hydrogels,enabling finecontrolled delivery to target *** review focuses on recent progress in the utilization of hydrogel-based delivery systems for cancer immunotherapy and their potential to further enhance treatment response ***,recent preclinical advances in hydrogels implemented with immune checkpoint inhibitors,combination therapies,and vaccines,along with selfassembled peptide hydrogels,are *** also discuss technological advances and drawbacks in this area and provide insights to ultimately realize the clinical application of hydrogels in cancer immunotherapy.

关键词： cancer immunotherapy drug delivery hydrogels immunotherapeutic agents immune modulation clinical outcomes

Rapid growth in a large cambrian apex predator

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National Science Review 2024年第03期11卷 128-136页

作者：吴雨 stephen Pates Daniel Pauly 张兴亮傅东静 State Key Laboratory of continental Dynamics and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Early Life and Environment Department of Geology Northwest University Department of Zoology University of Cambridge Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries University of British Columbia Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology Chinese Academy of Sciences

Despite the importance of ontogenetic data on early diverging euarthropods to our understanding of the ecology and evolution of past life, the data are distinctly lacking, as reconstructing life histories of fossil animals is often challenging. Here we report the growth trajectory of frontal appendages of the apex predator Amplectobelua symbrachiata, one of the most common radiodont arthropods from the early cambrian chengjiang biota(c. 520 Ma) of china. Analysis of 432 specimens(9.1–137.1 mm length; 1.3–25.6 mm height) reveals that appendages grew isometrically, with an estimated maximum size of the whole animal of c. 90 cm. Individuals grew rapidly compared to extant arthropods, as assessed using the electronic length-frequency analysis(ELEFAN) approach. Therefore, we show that the cambrian apex predator A. symbrachiata was an extremely fast-growing arthropod, with an unusual life history strategy that formed as part of the escalatory ‘arms race’ that shaped the cambrian explosion over 500 Ma.

关键词： stem-group Euarthropoda Radiodonta post-embryonic development growth dynamics cambrian Explosion

Weight regain after intragastric balloon for pre-surgical weight loss

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2024年第7期16卷 2040-2046页

作者： Danielle Abbitt Kevin choy Alexandra Kovar Teresa S jones Krzysztof J Wikiel Edward L jones Department of Surgery University of ColoradoAuroraCO 80045United States Department of Surgery Rocky Mountain Regional Veteran Affairs Medical CenterAuroraCO 80045United States

BAcKGROUND Over one-third of Americans carry the diagnosis of obesity,many also with obesity-related *** can place patients at increased risk of operative and postoperative *** intragastric balloon has been shown to aid in minor weight loss,however its weight recidivism in patients requiring short interval weight loss has not been well *** To evaluate weight loss,ability to undergo successful elective surgery after intragastric balloon placement,and weight management after balloon *** This study is a retrospective review of patients in a single academic institution undergoing intragastric balloon placement from 2019-2023 to aid in weight loss prior to undergoing elective *** outcomes including weight loss,duration of balloon placement,successful elective surgery,weight regain postballoon and post-procedure complications were *** criteria included those with balloon in place at time of *** Thirty-three patients completed intragastric balloon therapy from 2019-2023 as a bridge to elective *** patients were required to participate in a 12-month weight management program to be eligible for balloon *** surgeries included incisional hernia repair,umbilical hernia repair,inguinal hernia repair,and knee and hip *** average age at placement was 53 years±11 years,majority(91%)were *** average duration of intragastric balloon therapy was 186 days±41 *** average weight loss was 14.0 kg±7.4 kg and with an average percent excess body weight loss of 30.0%(7.9%-73.6%).Over half of the patients(52.0%)achieved the goal of 30-50 lbs(14-22 kg)weight ***-one patients(64%)underwent their intended elective surgery,2 patients(6%)deferred surgery due to symptom relief with weight loss ***-one of the patients(64%)have documented weights in 3 months after balloon removal,in these patients the majority(76%)gained weight after balloon *** pat

关键词： Intragastric balloon Weight loss Obesity Bariatric Body mass index

Gastroesophageal reflux following peroral endoscopic myotomy for achalasia:Bumps in the road to success

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第29期30卷 3461-3464页

作者： David Itskoviz stephen David Howard Malnick Kaplan Medical center Institute of Gastroenterology and HepatologyHebrew University Medical School of JerusalemRehovot 76100Israel Kaplan Medical center Department of Internal Medicine CHebrew University Medical School of JerusalemRehovot 76100Israel

Achalasia can significantly impair the quality of *** clinical presentation typically includes dysphagia to both solids and liquids,chest pain,and *** can be delayed in patients with atypical presentations,and they might receive a wrong diagnosis,such as gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD),owing to overlapping symptoms of both *** the cause of achalasia is poorly understood,its impact on the motility of the esophagus and gastroesophageal junction is well *** treatment modalities have been utilized,with the most common being surgical Heller myotomy with concomitant fundoplication and pneumatic balloon ***,peroral endoscopic myotomy(POEM)has gained popularity as an effective treatment for achalasia,despite a relatively high incidence of GERD occurring after treatment compared to other *** magnitude of post-POEM GERD depends on its definition and is influenced by patient and procedure-related *** longterm sequelae of post-POEM GERD are yet to be determined,but it appears to have a benign course and is usually manageable with clinically available *** risk factors for post-POEM GERD and modifying the POEM procedure in selected patients may improve the overall success of this technique.

关键词： Achalasia Per-oral endoscopic myotomy Gastroesophageal reflux Pneumatic dilatation Heller myotomy Proton pump inhibitor Acidic fermentation

Flame Structure of Methane and Kerosene combustion with a compact concave Flame-Holder using the LES-pdf Method

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Journal of Thermal Science 2024年第1期33卷 222-234页

作者： WANG Fang WANG Yunfan WEI Guanyi LIU Denghuan JIN Jie jones P.William School of Energy and Power Engineering Beihang UniversityBeijingBeijing 100191China Department of Mechanical Engineering Imperial College LondonLondon SW72AZUK

compact flame-holders for afterburners are an increasing requirement for modern aero ***,flame-holder design is non-trivial since high inlet temperatures,velocities,and elaborate structures induce complex turbulence,combustion,and spray coupling in modern *** this work,the LES-pdf and stochastic fields-Lagrangian particle spray methods are used to investigate methane and aviation kerosene combustion structures formed by new-type concave *** flow pattern,combustion mode,and flame structure of gaseous and liquid fuel around a concave flame-holder are analyzed,discussed,and compared with experimental *** reveal that the flame stability of a concave flame-holder is better than that of the non-concave ***,when using liquid fuel,the concave flame-holder forms a stable and compact *** results suggest concave flame-holders are a promising design for compact afterburners.

关键词： concave structure flame-holder LES-pdf spray combustion flame structure AEcSc

A brief history of the compendium of Physical Activities

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第1期13卷 3-5页

作者： Barbara E.Ainsworth stephen D.Herrmann David R.Jacobs Jr. Melicia c.Whitt-Glover catrine Tudor-Locke School of Exercise and Health Shanghai University of SportShanghai 200438China college of Health Solutions Arizona State UniversityPhoenixAZ 85003USA Kansas center for Metabolism and Obesity Research University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA Division of Epidemiology and community Health University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN 55455USA Gramercy Research Group KnightdaleNC 27545USA college of Health and Human Services University of North Carolina at CharlotteCharlotteNC 28223USA

The compendium of Physical Activities(compendium)was developed to address consistent assignment of physical activity(PA)intensity values used in PA epidemiology research of the association between PA and health outcomes.1The known protective effects of PA on incident health outcomes traces to the mid-1900s,with over 50 studies examining coronary heart disease(cHD)as the outcome of interest.

关键词： epidemiology Activities protective

There is more to the knee joint than just the quadriceps:A systematic review with meta-analysis and evidence gap map of hamstring strength,flexibility,and morphology in individuals with gradual-onset knee disorders

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第4期13卷 521-536页

作者： Helder S.Lopes Marina c.Waiteman Liliam B.Priore Neal R.Glaviano David M.Bazett-jones Ronaldo V.Briani Fabio M.Azevedo School of Science and Technology Physical Therapy DepartmentSao Paulo State University(UNESP)Presidente Prudente 19060-900Brazil Department of Kinesiology College of AgricultureHealth and Natural ResourcesUniversity of ConnecticutStorrsCT 06269USA School of Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences College of Health and Human ServicesUniversity of ToledoToledoOH 43606USA

Background:Impairments in hamstring strength,flexibility,and morphology have been associated with altered knee biomechanics,pain,and *** the presence of these impairments in individuals with gradual-onset knee disorders is important and may indicate targets for assessment and *** systematic review aimed to synthesize the literature to determine the presence of impairments in hamstring strength,flexibility,and morphology in individuals with gradual-onset knee ***:Five databases(MEDLINE,Embase,cINAHL,SPORTDiscus,and Web of Science)were searched from inception to September *** studies comparing hamstring outcomes(e.g.,strength,flexibility,and/or morphology)between individuals with gradual-onset knee disorders and their unaffected limbs or pain-free controls were ***-analyses for each knee disorder were ***-level certainty was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment,Development,and Evaluation,and evidence gap maps were ***:Seventy-nine studies across 4 different gradual-onset knee disorders(i.e.,knee osteoarthritis(OA),patellofemoral pain(PFP),chondromalacia patellae,and patellar tendinopathy)were *** with knee OA presented with reduced hamstring strength compared to pain-free controls during isometric(standard mean difference(SMD)=-0.76,95%confidence interval(95%cI):-1.32 to-0.21)and concentric contractions(SMD=-0.97,95%cI:-1.49 to-0.45).Individuals with PFP presented with reduced hamstring strength compared to painfree controls during isometric(SMD=-0.48,95%cI:-0.82 to-0.14),concentric(SMD=-1.07,95%cI:-2.08 to-0.06),and eccentric contractions(SMD=-0.59,95%cI:-0.97 to-0.21).No differences were observed in individuals with patellar *** with PFP presented with reduced hamstring flexibility when compared to pain-free controls(SMD=-0.76,95%cI:-1.15 to-0.36).Evidence gap maps identified insufficient evidence for chondromalacia patel

关键词： chondromalacia patellae Knee flexors Knee osteoarthritis Patellar tendinopathy Patellofemoral pain

Secure and Reliable Routing in the Internet of Vehicles Network:AODV-RL with BHA Attack Defense

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computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第4期139卷 633-659页

作者： Nadeem Ahmed Khalid Mohammadani Ali Kashif Bashir Marwan Omar Angel jones Fayaz Hassan School of Electronic Science Beijing University of Post and TelecommunicationBeijing100086China Department of computer Science Huanggang Normal UniversityHuanggangChina Department of computing and Mathematics Manchester Metropolitan UniversityManchesterUK Woxsen School of Business Woxsen UniversityHyderabad502345India Department of computer Science and Mathematics Lebanese American UniversityBeirutLebanon Information Technology and Management Illinois Institute of TechnologyChicagoUSA college of computing Capital Technology UniversityLaurelUSA

Wireless technology is transforming the future of transportation through the development of the Internet of Vehicles(IoV).However,intricate security challenges are intertwinedwith technological progress:Vehicular ad hoc Networks(VANETs),a core component of IoV,face security issues,particularly the Black Hole Attack(BHA).This malicious attack disrupts the seamless flow of data and threatens the network’s overall reliability;also,BHA strategically disrupts communication pathways by dropping data packets from legitimate nodes *** the importance of this challenge,we have introduced a new solution called ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector-Reputation-based mechanism Local Outlier Factor(AODV-RL).The significance of AODVRL lies in its unique approach:it verifies and confirms the trustworthiness of network components,providing robust protection against *** additional safety layer is established by implementing the Local Outlier Factor(LOF),which detects and addresses abnormal network *** testing of our solution has revealed its remarkable ability to enhance communication in ***,Our experimental results achieve message delivery ratios of up to 94.25%andminimal packet loss ratios of just 0.297%.Based on our experimental results,the proposedmechanismsignificantly improves VANET communication reliability and *** results promise a more secure and dependable future for IoV,capable of transforming transportation safety and efficiency.

关键词： Black hole attack IoV vehicular ad hoc network AODV routing protocol