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Machine learning applications in healthcare clinical practice and research

World Journal of Clinical Cases 2025年第1期13卷 16-21页

作者： Nikolaos-Achilleas Arkoudis Stavros p papadakos Research Unit of Radiology and Medical Imaging School of MedicineNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthens 11528Greece 2^(nd)Department of Radiology “Attikon”General University HospitalMedical SchoolNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensChaidari 12462Greece Department of Gastroenterology Laiko General HospitalNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthens 11527Greece

Machine learning(ML)is a type of artificial intelligence that assists computers in the acquisition of knowledge through data analysis,thus creating machines that can complete tasks otherwise requiring human *** its various applications,it has proven groundbreaking in healthcare as well,both in clinical practice and *** this editorial,we succinctly introduce ML applications and present a study,featured in the latest issue of the World Journal of Clinical *** authors of this study conducted an analysis using both multiple linear regression(MLR)and ML methods to investigate the significant factors that may impact the estimated glomerular filtration rate in healthy women with and without non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).Their results implicated age as the most important determining factor in both groups,followed by lactic dehydrogenase,uric acid,forced expiratory volume in one second,and *** addition,for the NAFLD-group,the 5th and 6th most important impact factors were thyroid-stimulating hormone and systolic blood pressure,as compared to plasma calcium and body fat for the NAFLD+***,the study's distinctive contribution lies in its adoption of ML methodologies,showcasing their superiority over traditional statistical approaches(herein MLR),thereby highlighting the potential of ML to represent an invaluable advanced adjunct tool in clinical practice and research.

关键词： Machine Learning Artificial Intelligence Clinical practice Research Glomerular filtration rate Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Medicine

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IMpLEMENTING THE RIGHT TO DEVELOpMENT IN THE ERA OF GLOBALIZATION： COMMENTS ON THE BOOK GLOBAL LEGAL MECHANISM OF RIGHT TO DEVELOpMENT EDITED BY WANG XIGEN

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Frontiers of Law in China-Selected publications from Chinese Universities 2015年第4期10卷 622-624页

作者： stephen p. Marks School of pubic Heath Harvard University BostonUS

The heads of state meeting at the Millennium Summit in 2000 solemnly committed themselves ＂to making the right to development a reality for everyone and to freeing the entire human race from want.＂ This solemn pronouncement has the ring of a pious hope when one considers the real prospects for the realization of this right.

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Demographic trends and climate over 35 years in the Barro Colorado 50 ha plot

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Forest Ecosystems 2017年第4期4卷 273-285页

作者： Richard Condit Rolando pérez Suzanne Lao Salomón Aguilar stephen p. Hubbell Field Museum of Natural History 1400 S

Background： The first three censuses of the 50-ha plot at Barro Colorado Island spanned an unusually harsh dry season during the 1983 El Nitro. By the early 1990s, we had documented increases in tree mortality, tree growth, and large population fluctuations of many species during the 1982-1985 census interval. At the time, we asserted that increasing drought frequency would greatly affect the forest. With the benefit of five more censuses at Barro Colorado from 1995-2015, we can now put the 1980 conditions in a longer perspective and test the hypothesis that increasing droughtiness has continued to change the forest. Methods： A 50-ha forest plot on Barro Colorado Island was censused eight times, in 1982 and every five years since 1985. All free-standing woody stems were measured, mapped, and identified in each census. Results： 1） The period 1982-1992 included several extreme dry seasons, not just 1983, but since then there have been few such droughts. 2） Dbh growth declined from a peak in the early 1980s to its lowest in the early 1990s. From 1995-2015 it increased slightly, but not returning to the initial peak. Nearly every species and all dbh categories followed the same pattern. 3） The elevated stand-wide mortality rate of large trees during the 1982-1985 drought has not returned, and most individual species showed the same pattern of elevated mortality in the 1980s followed by low and fairly stable mortality after 1990. 4） Sapling mortality declined after 198,5, but rose again in the late-90s, so the 1980s drought period no longer looks unusual. Mortality of individual species＇ saplings fluctuated erratically, including cases where mortality during the drought was lower than after. 5） population sizes of individual species fluctuated in all possible directions. Some species declined precipitously during the drought, then recovered, but others did not recover. Other species increased in abundance during the drought. Conclusions＂ Droughts of the 1980s elevated tr

关键词： Demographic trends climate

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Enemy release at range edges:do invasive species escape their herbivores as they expand into new areas?

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Journal of plant Ecology 2016年第5期9卷 636-647页

作者： Justin S.H.Wan stephen p.Bonser Evolution and Ecology Research Centre School of BiologicalEarth and Environmental SciencesUNSW AustraliaSydneyNew South Wales 2052Australia

Aims We test the hypothesis that invasive plant species at their range edges experience lower herbivory and allocate less to defense at the edge of an expanding range edge than from more central parts of their distribution,during secondary invasion in a new *** plants are often able to spread rapidly through new *** success of invasive species in new ranges is frequently attributed to enemy release in these new areas and associated evolutionary changes minimizing allocation to defense in favor of growth and *** release could also explain rapid advances of invasive species upon arriving in new *** invasive species accumulate enemies over time in a new location,then these species may experience a release from their enemies at expanding range *** release at these range fronts may accelerate range *** We used populations of four woody invasive species within the invaded range,and four native control *** quantified leaf herbivory and leaf physical defense traits at both range central and range edge locations,over two 1-month sampling periods,sampled 7 months *** Findings Herbivory at the range edge did not differ to the range center but patterns were not consistent across *** was a trend for lower herbivory at the range edge for Lantana camara,which was reflected in lower leaf ***,leaf toughness was greater at the range edge location across invasive and control *** defenses were different among range locations in a few species,though most species show the same trend,suggesting higher herbivory pressures at the range edge location or differences may be due to climatic *** of *** were significantly less tough at range edges,suggesting that some species can potentially escape their enemies at range ***,our results overall do not support the hypothesis that plants at the edge of their ranges experience reduced impact from their enem

关键词： Australian woodlands enemy release hypothesis herbivory invasion dynamics physical defense range edge

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Autosub6000:A Deep Diving Long Range AUV

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2009年第1期6卷 55-62页

作者： stephen Mcphail Underwater Systems Laboratory National Marine Facilities DivisionNational Oceanography CentreSouthampton SO14 3ZHUK

With an ultimate range up to 1000 km,a maximum operating depth of 6000 m,and a generous payload capacity,Autosub6000 is well placed to become one of the world's most capable deep diving Autonomous Underwater Vehicles(AUVs). Recently,Autosub6000 successfully completed its first deep water engineering trials,and in September 2008,fitted with a multibeam sonar,will carry out its first science *** paper will describe how we are tackling the design issues that specifically affect a deep diving AUV which must be capable of operating with true autonomy,independently of the mother ship, namely:carrying adequate energy for long endurance and range,coping with varying buoyancy,and maintaining accurate navigation throughout missions lasting up to several *** from the recent engineering trails are presented,and future missions and development plans are discussed.

关键词： AUV robotics navigation lithium polymer battery deep ocean research

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Impacts of pI3K/protein kinase B pathway activation in reactive astrocytes: from detrimental effects to protective functions

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1031-1041页

作者： Ramón pérez-Núñez María Fernanda González Ana María Avalos Lisette Leyton Cellular Communication Laboratory Programa de Biología Celular y MolecularCenter for Studies on ExerciseMetabolism and Cancer(CEMC)Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas(ICBM)Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases(ACCDiS) Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences&Faculty of MedicineUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas Facultad de Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad Autónoma de ChileSantiagoChile

Astrocytes are the most abundant type of glial cell in the central nervous *** injury and inflammation,astrocytes become reactive and undergo morphological and functional *** on their phenotypic classification as A1 or A2,reactive astrocytes contribute to both neurotoxic and neuroprotective responses,***,this binary classification does not fully capture the diversity of astrocyte responses observed across different diseases and *** analysis has revealed that reactive astrocytes have a complex landscape of gene expression profiles,which emphasizes the heterogeneous nature of their *** actively participate in regulating central nervous system inflammation by interacting with microglia and other cell types,releasing cytokines,and influencing the immune *** phosphoinositide 3-kinase(pI3K)/protein kinase B(AKT)signaling pathway is a central player in astrocyte reactivity and impacts various aspects of astrocyte behavior,as evidenced by in silico,in vitro,and in vivo *** astrocytes,inflammatory cues trigger a cascade of molecular events,where nuclear factor-κB serves as a central mediator of the pro-inflammatory ***,we review the heterogeneity of reactive astrocytes and the molecular mechanisms underlying their *** highlight the involvement of various signaling pathways that regulate astrocyte reactivity,including the pI3K/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR),αvβ3 integrin/pI3K/AKT/connexin 43,and Notch/pI3K/AKT *** targeting the inactivation of the pI3K/AKT cellular signaling pathway to control reactive astrocytes and prevent central nervous system damage,evidence suggests that activating this pathway could also yield beneficial *** dual function of the pI3K/AKT pathway underscores its complexity in astrocyte reactivity and brain function *** review emphasizes the importance of employing astrocyte-exclusive models to underst

关键词： inflammation integrins neuroprotective neurotoxic phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase reactive astrocytes signal transduction Thy-1(CD90)

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Alpha-fetoprotein specific CD4 and CD8 T cell responses in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma

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World Journal of Hepatology 2010年第7期2卷 256-260页

作者： Shahriar Behboudi stephen p pereira UCL Institute of Hepatology University College LondonRoyal Free Hospitals

The presence of CD8 T cell responses to tumor associated antigens have been reported in patients with different malignancies. However, there is very little inf ormation on a comparable CD8 and CD4 T cell response to a tumor antigen in liver cancer patients. Here, we re-examine the kinetic and the pattern of T helper 1 and cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses to alpha-fetoprotein (AFp),a tumor rejection antigen in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Then, we discuss the possibility of using AFp-based immunotherapy in combination with necrotizing treatments in HCC patients.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Alpha-fetoprotein Cell-mediated immunity Immunotherapy

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Targeting chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells in the tumor microenviroment: A review of the in vitro and clinical trials to date

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2015年第8期3卷 694-704页

作者： Kyle Crassini stephen p Mulligan O Giles Best Northern Blood Research Centre and CLL Australian Research Consortium Kolling Institute of Medical Research Royal North Shore Hospital

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia(CLL) is the most common leukemia in the western world. Despite significantadvances in therapy over the last decade CLL remains incurable. Current front-line therapy often consists of chemoimmunotherapy-based regimens, most commonly the fludarabine, cyclophosphamide plus rituximab combination, but rates of relapse and refractory disease are high among these patients. Several key signaling pathways are now known to mediate the survival and proliferation of CLL cells in vivo, the most notable of which are the pathways mediated by the B-cell receptor(BCR) and cytokine receptors. A better understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease, the underlying biology of the CLL-cell and the roles of the tumour microenvironment has provided the rationale for trials of a range of novel, more targeted therapeutic agents. In particular, clinical trials of ibrutinib and idelalisib, which target the Brutons tyrosine kinase and the delta isoform of phosphoinositol-3 kinase components of the BCR signaling pathway respectively, have shown extremely promising results. Here we review the current literature on the key signaling pathways and interactions of CLL cells that mediate the survival and proliferation of the leukemic cells. For each we describe the results of the recent clinical trials and in vitro studies of novel therapeutic agents.

关键词： Chronic lymphocytic leukemia Therapy Microenvironment Leukemia Novel

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Oxygen Radical Generation as an Index of Neurotoxic Damage

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 1991年第1期4卷 217-223页

作者： stephen C.BONDY CARL p.LEBEL Department of Community and Environmental Medicine University of California Irvine CA Arthur D. Little Inc. Chemical and Life Sciences Acorn Park Cambridge 92717 Massachusetts 02140

Biochemical, anatomical, and physiological characteristics of the brain make it especially vulnerable to insult. Specifically, some of these characteristics such as myelin and a high energy requirement provide for the introduction of free radical-induced insult. Recently, the biochemistry of free radicals has received considerable attention. It also has become increasingly suggestive that many drug and chemical-induced toxicities may be evoked via free radicals and oxidative stress. Major points addressed in this work are the regulation of neural-free radical generation by antioxidants and protective enzymes, xenobiotic-induced disruption of cerebral redox status, and specific examples of neurotoxic agent-induced alterations in free radicals as measured by the fluorescent probe dichlorofluorescein. This article considers that free radical mechanisms may contribute significantly to the properties of several diverse neurotoxic agents and proposes that free radicals may be common phenomena of neurotoxicity.

关键词： Oxygen Radical Generation as an Index of Neurotoxic Damage

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A review of concurrent infections of malaria and dengue in Asia

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Asian pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2016年第7期6卷 633-638页

作者： Aruchana A/p Selvaretnam priyadarshi Soumyaranjan Sahu Madhusmita Sahu stephen Ambu Division of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology School of Health SciencesInternational Medical University Division of pathology School of MedicineInternational Medical University Centre for public Health Informatics Asian Institute of Public Health

Concurrent infections of malaria and dengue are when both of these mosquito-borne diseases occur simultaneously in an individual. In this review, reported cases with these co-infections in Asia are discussed. The focus is on the overlapping clinical presentations and the difficulties encountered in differential diagnosis. Also, cases reported in some special conditions, viz., pregnancy, foetal infections, and co-infections with one or more other infectious agents are highlighted. Due to similar clinical presentations of malaria and dengue, these co-infections may give rise to an incorrect diagnosis. Moreover, the treatment regimens for these co-infections are not the same as those for ***, a delay in implementing the appropriate treatment regimen for these concurrent infections due to poor diagnosis can be fatal. The present review is intended to increase awareness about the clinical significance and the importance of these co-infections among clinicians, public health workers and health authorities in the Asian region. Though malaria-dengue concurrent infections are seldom reported from the Asian region, it is probably increasing particularly in the countries known to be endemic for both of the above diseases. A compulsory reporting of the incidences of malaria-dengue concurrent infections is recommended.

关键词： Concurrent infection Co-infection Malaria Dengue Asia

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