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Zwitterion-doped liquid crystal speckle reducers for immersive displays and vectorial imaging

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Light(Science & Applications) 2023年第11期12卷 2363-2377页

作者： Yihan Jin Nathan P.Spiller Chao He Grahame Faulkner martin J.Booth Steve J.Elston stephen m.morris Department of Engineering Science University of OxfordParks RoadOxford OX13PJUK

Lasers possess many attractive features(e.g.,high brightness,narrow linewidth,well-defined polarization)that make them the ideal illumination source for many different scientific and technological endeavors relating to imaging and the display of high-resolution ***,their high-level of coherence can result in the formation of noise,referred to as speckle,that can corrupt and degrade ***,we demonstrate a new electro-optic technology for combatting laser speckle using a chiral nematic liquid crystal(LC)dispersed with zwitterionic *** are presented that demonstrate when driven at the optimum electric field conditions,the speckle noise can be reduced by>90%resulting in speckle contrast(C)values of C=0.07,which is approaching that required to be imperceptible to the human *** LC technology is then showcased in an array of different display and imaging applications,including a demonstration of speckle reduction in modern vectorial laser-based imaging.

关键词： polarization speckle crystal

modelling the development of biological structures displaying longitudinal geometries in vitro:culturing pluripotent stem cells on plasma-treated,growth factor-coupled polycaprolactone fibres

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Engineered Regeneration 2024年第1期5卷 124-138页

作者： Badwi B.Boumelhem Stuart T.Fraser Syamak Farajikhah Rachel A.Shparberg michael B.morris marcela m.m.Bilek Anyu Zhang Behnam Akhavan Simon Fleming maryanne Large School of Physics Faculty of ScienceUniversity of SydneyAustralia Sydney Nano Institute University of SydneyAustralia School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of SydneyAustralia School of medical Sciences Faculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of SydneyAustralia School of Biomedical Engineering Faculty of EngineeringUniversity of SydneyAustralia School of Engineering University of NewcastleCallaghanNSW 2308Australia Hunter medical Research Institute(HmRI) Precision Medicine ProgramNew Lambton Heights NSW 2305Australia

many biological structures such as nerves,blood and lymphatic vessels,and muscle fibres exhibit longitudinal ge-ometries with distinct cell types extending along both the length and width of internal linear *** these three-dimensional structures in vitro is challenging:the best-defined stem-cell differentiation systems are mono-layer cultures or organoids using pluripotent stem *** stem cells can differentiate into functionally mature cells depending on the signals received,holding great promise for regenerative ***,the integration of in vitro differentiated cell types into diseased tissue remains a *** scaffolds can bridge this gap if the appropriate signalling systems are incorporated into the ***,we have taken a biomimicry approach to generate longitudinal structures in *** this approach,mouse embryonic stem cells are directed to differentiate to specific cell types on the surface of polycaprolactone(PCL)fibres treated by plasma-immersion ion implantation and to which with lineage-specifying molecules have been covalently *** demonstrate the simplicity and utility of our method for efficiently generating high yields of the following cell types from these pluripotent stem cells:neurons,vascular endothelial cells,osteoclasts,adipocytes,and cells of the erythroid,myeloid,and lymphoid *** arranged plasma-treated scaffolds with differentiated cell types could ultimately serve as a means for the repair or treatment of diseased or damaged tissue.

关键词： Pluripotent stem cells Lineage commitment Growth factors Biomaterial engineering Plasma-immersion ion implantation Covalent biomolecule attachment Polycaprolactone

Recent innovations in laser additive manufacturing of titanium alloys

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International Journal of Extreme manufacturing 2024年第3期6卷 2-37页

作者： Jinlong Su Fulin Jiang Jie Teng Lequn Chen ming Yan Guillermo Requena Lai-Chang Zhang Y morris Wang Ilya V Okulov Hongmei Zhu Chaolin Tan College of materials Science and Engineering Hunan UniversityChangsha 410082People’s Republic of China Singapore Institute of manufacturing Technology(SIm Tech) Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research(A∗STAR)5 Cleantech LoopSingapore 636732Singapore Department of materials Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055People’s Republic of China Institute of materials Research German Aerospace Center(DLR)Linder Höhe51147 CologneGermany Centre for Advanced materials and manufacturing Edith Cowan University270 Joondalup DriveJoondalupPerthWestern Australia 6027Australia Department of materials Science and Engineering University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 900095United States of America Leibniz Institute for materials Engineering-IWT Badgasteiner Str.328359 BremenGermany Faculty of Production Engineering University of BremenBadgasteiner Str.128359 BremenGermany Key Laboratory of Hunan Province of Equipment Safety Service Technology under Extreme Environment University of South ChinaHengyangPeople’s Republic of China RWTH Aachen University Metallic Structures and Materials Systems for Aerospace EngineeringD-52062 AachenGermany

Titanium(Ti)alloys are widely used in high-tech fields like aerospace and biomedical *** additive manufacturing(LAm),as an innovative technology,is the key driver for the development of Ti *** the significant advancements in LAm of Ti alloys,there remain challenges that need further research and development *** recap the potential of LAm high-performance Ti alloy,this article systematically reviews LAm Ti alloys with up-to-date information on process,materials,and *** feasible solutions to advance LAm Ti alloys are reviewed,including intelligent process parameters optimization,LAm process innovation with auxiliary fields and novel Ti alloys customization for *** auxiliary energy fields(***,acoustic,mechanical deformation and magnetic fields)can affect the melt pool dynamics and solidification behaviour during LAm of Ti alloys,altering microstructures and mechanical *** kinds of novel Ti alloys customized for LAm,like peritecticα-Ti,eutectoid(α+β)-Ti,hybrid(α+β)-Ti,isomorphousβ-Ti and eutecticβ-Ti alloys are reviewed in ***,machine learning in accelerating the LAm process optimization and new materials development is also *** review summarizes the material properties and performance envelops and benchmarks the research achievements in LAm of Ti *** addition,the perspectives and further trends in LAm of Ti alloys are also highlighted.

关键词： additive manufacturing titanium alloys auxiliary field machine learning aerospace materials lightweight materials novel alloys

Neuroprotective effect of liraglutide and memantine in a rat model of Alzheimer’s disease

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2024年第5期14卷 207-214页

作者： Duaa m.Bakhshwin Foziya W.Alhalabi mohamad Omar Barasheed Ahmed m.Bakhshwin maha H.Jamal mohammed A.Bazuhair Fatemah O.Kamel Rania m.magadmi Zoheir A Damanhouri Samar m.Alsaggaf Department of Clinical Pharmacology Faculty of MedicineKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia Hera General Hospital MakkahSaudi Arabia Department of Pathology Faculty of MedicineKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia Department of Clinical Anatomy Faculty of MedicineKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia

Objective:To assess the effect of memantine combined with liraglutide on aluminum chloride(AlCl_(3))and D-galactose(D-GAL)-induced neurotoxicity in ***:male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups of 5 animals each:the positive control,the negative control,the memantine-treated group,the liraglutide-treated group,and the combination group treated with memantine and ***_(3)and D-GAL were used to induce *** tests,brain beta-amyloid protein,and oxidative stress biomarkers were ***:The morris water maze test indicated an enhanced memory in the combination ***,the combination treatment of liraglutide and memantine resulted in a remarkable reduction in the beta-amyloid protein level in the brain *** inflammation and oxidative stress biomarkers were significantly reduced,and the levels of antioxidant parameters were ***:The combination of liraglutide and memantine exerts neuroprotective effects and enhances memory and cognitive functions in rats with Alzheimer’s disease.

关键词： Alzheimer’s disease Cognitive function Glucagonlike peptide-1 Liraglutide memantine

Biochar improves diary pasture yields by alleviating P and K constraints with no influence on soil respiration or N2O emissions

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Biochar 2019年第1期1卷 115-126页

作者： Lukas van Zwieten stephen Kimber stephen morris Lynne m.macdonald Josh Rust Scott Petty stephen Joseph Terry Rose NSW Department of Primary Industries 1243 Bruxner HighwayWollongbar 2477NSWAustralia CSIRO Land and Water Agriculture and Food/Sustainable Agricultural Flagship UrrbraeSA 5064Australia School of materials Science and Engineering University of New South WalesKensington 2033NSWAustralia Southern Cross Plant Science Southern Cross UniversityLismore 2480NSWAustralia Centre for Organics Research Southern Cross UniversityLismore 2480NSWAustralia

Dairy pastures can be a major source of soil nitrous oxide(N_(2)O)emissions due to the combination of intensive nitrogen(N)fertiliser use and high soil water content,from either rainfall and/or *** application is a promising approach to lower soil greenhouse gas emissions,particularly under high soil moisture conditions where denitrification is the primary N-transformation *** a replicated field trial,we evaluated the effects of two contrasting biochars derived from poul-try litter and from hardwood on soil N_(2)O emissions,soil ammonium(NH4^(+))and nitrate(NO3^(−))status,pasture productivity and herbage nutrient content.A liming treatment to mimic the liming equivalence of the poultry litter biochar was used to separate any effects observed from changes in soil *** further separate the effects of biochars on soil N status,N_(2)O emissions and pasture N uptake,high and low N fertiliser doses(annual application of 672 kg N ha^(−1),336 kg N ha^(−1))were superimposed across all of the *** N fertiliser dose had no significant impact on pasture *** of poultry litter biochar resulted in significant increases in pasture productivity under both high and low N *** was achieved by alleviating soil P,and possibly K nutritional constraints that are typical in Australian *** the high N fertiliser dose,emissions of N_(2)O from the treatments and control were not significantly different(p>0.05)and ranged between 1.14 and 1.78 kg N_(2)O-N ha^(−1)across the 11-month *** low N dose resulted in significantly lower emissions of N_(2)O of between 0.80 and 0.84 kg N_(2)O-N ha^(−1),but biochar had no significant effect on net emissions across the *** lack of impact of biochar on N_(2)O emissions was attributed to the relatively dry conditions over the trial period resulting in nitrification being the most likely N-transformation *** brief episodes of high soil moisture,peak emissions from the bio

关键词： Ferralsol Autochamber methodology Nitrification Urea Lime Poultry litter biochar Hardwood biochar Emission intensity

Impact of Low-Impact Development Technologies from an Ecological Perspective in Different Residential Zones of the City of Atlanta, Georgia

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Engineering 2018年第2期4卷 30-35页

作者： Zackery B. morris stephen m. malone Abigail R. Cohen marc J. Weissburg Bert Bras George W. Woodruff School of mechanical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332-0405 USA School of Biological Sciences Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA

低影响开发(LID)技术在减少水的使用和雨水径流方面有很大的应用潜力,因此被认为在对传统的水利基础设施的改善方面起到可持续性的作用。这些技术包括生物凝集区、雨水收集和干湿法,所有这些都可以在居住区使用。在亚特兰大市,居民用水... 详细信息

低影响开发(LID)技术在减少水的使用和雨水径流方面有很大的应用潜力,因此被认为在对传统的水利基础设施的改善方面起到可持续性的作用。这些技术包括生物凝集区、雨水收集和干湿法,所有这些都可以在居住区使用。在亚特兰大市,居民用水占总用水量的53%,因此,居住区对LID技术的实施具有重要的潜在影响力。本研究通过对自然生态系统的类比,从生态学角度分析了亚特兰大城市不同居住区内LID策略的使用情况。分析表明这些技术,特别是随着灰水系统的加入,在这些生态指标的基础上,改进了传统的住宅水网。较高的指标表明,改进后的指标与健康的自然生态系统的平衡程度更高。

关键词：可持续改进水基础设施施工方案施工管理

Radial artery access site complications during cardiac procedures,clinical implications and potential solutions: The role of nitric oxide

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World Journal of Cardiology 2020年第1期12卷 26-34页

作者： Emma m Coghill Timothy Johnson Russell E morris Ian L megson stephen J Leslie Free Radical Research Facility Division of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of the Highlands and IslandsInverness IV23JHUnited Kingdom Johnson matthey Technology Centre Blount’s CourtSonning CommonReading RG49NHUnited Kingdom School of Chemistry University of St.AndrewsSt Andrews KY169STUnited Kingdom Department of Cardiology NHS HighlandInverness IV23UJUnited Kingdom

Percutaneous coronary intervention for the treatment of coronary artery disease is most commonly performed in the UK through the radial artery,as this is considered to be safer than the femoral ***,despite improvements in technology and techniques,complications can *** most common complication,arterial spasm,can cause intense pain and,in some cases,procedural *** incidence of spasm is dependent on several variables,including operator experience,artery size,and equipment *** antispasmolytic cocktail can be applied to reduce spasm,which usually includes an exogenous nitric oxide(NO)donor(glyceryl trinitrate).NO is an endogenous local vasodilator and therefore is a potential target for anti-spasm ***,systemic administration can result in unwanted side-effects,such as hypotension.A method that adopts local delivery of NO might be *** review article describes the mechanisms involved in radial artery spasm,discusses the advantages and disadvantages of current strategies to reduce spasm,and highlight the potential of NO-loaded nanoporous materials for use in this setting.

关键词： Radial artery Cannulation Spasm Nitric oxide Vasodilation Nanoporous material

Vanillylacetone attenuates cadmium chloride-induced hippocampal damage and memory loss through upregulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 gene and protein expression

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第12期19卷 2750-2759页

作者： Fahaid H.A.L-Hashem Salah O.Bashir Amal F.Dawood moutasem S.Aboonq Ismaeel Bin-Jaliah Abdulaiziz m.Al-Garni mohamed D.morsy Department of Physiology College of MedicineKing Khalid UniversityAbhaSaudi Arabia Department of Basic medical Sciences College of MedicinePrincess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityP.O.Box 84428Riyadh 11671Saudi Arabia Department of Physiology College of MedicineTaibah UniversityAl-Madinah Al-MunawwarahSaudi Arabia Department of medicine College of MedicineKing Khalid UniversityAbhaSaudi Arabia

memory loss and dementia are major public health concerns with a substantial economic *** stress has been shown to play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of hippocampal damage-induced memory *** investigate whether the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compound vanillyla cetone(zingerone) can protect against hippocampal damage and memory loss induced by cadmium chloride(CdCl_(2)) administration in rats,we explo red the potential involvement of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2) signaling pathway,which is known to modulate oxidative stress and *** healt hy male Wistar rats were divided into five groups:vehicle-treated(control),vanillylacetone,CdCl_(2),vanillylacetone+ CdCl_(2),vanillylacetone+ CdCl_(2)+ brusatol(a selective pharmacological N rf2inhibitor) *** effectively attenuated CdCl_(2)-induced damage in the dental gyrus of the hippocampus and improved the memory function assessed by the morris Water maze ***,vanillylacetone markedly decreased the hippocampal tissue levels of inflammatory biomarkers(interleukin-6,tumor necrosis factor-α,intracellular cell adhesive molecules) and apoptosis biomarkers(Bax and cleaved caspase-3).The control and CdCl_(2)-treated groups treated with va nillylacetone showed reduced generation of reactive oxygen species,decreased malondialdehyde levels,and increased superoxide dismutase and glutathione activities,along with significant elevation of nuclear Nrf2 mRNA and protein expression in hippocampal *** the protective effects of vanillylacetone we re substantially blocked by the co-administration of brusatol(a selective N rf2 inhibitor).Va nillylacetone mitigated hippocampal damage and memory loss induced by CdCl_(2),at least in part, by activating the nuclear transcription factor ***,vanillylacetone exerted its potent antioxidant and antiinflammatory actions.

关键词： hippocampus neuroprotective Nrf2 gene oxidative stress vanillylacetone

Overcoming maladaptive plasticity through plastic compensation

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Current Zoology 2013年第4期59卷 526-536页

作者： matthew R.J. morris Sean m. ROGERS Department of Biological Sciences University of Calgary Calgary AB Canada T2N 1N4

most species evolve within fluctuating environments, and have developed adaptations to meet the challenges posed by environmental heterogeneity. One such adaptation is phenotypic plasticity, or the ability of a single genotype to produce multiple environmentally-induced phenotypes. Yet, not all plasticity is adaptive. Despite the renewed interest in adaptive phenotypic plasticity and its consequences for evolution, much less is known about maladaptive plasticity. However, maladaptive plasticity is likely an important driver of phenotypic similarity among populations living in different environments. This paper traces four strategies for overcoming maladaptive plasticity that result in phenotypic similarity, two of which involve genetic changes (standing genetic variation, genetic compensation) and two of which do not (standing epigenetic variation, plastic compensation). Plastic compensation is defined as adaptive plasticity overcoming maladaptive plasticity. In particular, plastic compensation may increase the likelihood of genetic compensation by facilitating population persistence. We provide key terms to disentangle these aspects of phenotypic plasticity and introduce examples to reinforce the potential importance of plastic compensation for understanding evolutionary change.

关键词：可塑性塑料环境异质性赔偿物种进化遗传变异生活环境遗传变化