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Anti-herpes simplex virus activities of monogalactosyl diglyceride and digalactosyl diglyceride from Clinacanthus nutans, a traditional Thai herbal medicine

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2016年第3期6卷 192-197页

作者： Sirada Pongmuangmul Supaporn Phumiamorn Phanchana Sanguansermsri Nalin Wongkattiya Ian Hamilton fraser Donruedee Sanguansermsri Faculty of Medical Science Naresuan University Regional Medical Sciences Center Nakhonswan Department of Medical Sciences Ministry of Health Institute of Biological Products Department of Medical Sciences Ministry of Health Faculty of Science Maejo University School of Chemistry Monash University Centre of Excellence in Medical Biotechnology Faculty of Medical Science Naresuan University

Objective: To evaluate the monogalactosyl diglyceride(MGDG) and digalactosyl diglyceride(DGDG) from Clinacanthus nutans(C. nutans) for their in vitro antiviral activities against herpes simplex virus type 1(HSV-1) and type 2(HSV-2) by plaque reduction ***: MGDG and DGDG were extracted with chloroform from C. nutans *** and DGDG were separated from chloroform crude extract using column chromatography, characterized by thin layer chromatography and quantified by high performance liquid chromatography. The anti HSV-1 and 2 activity against pre-treatment and posttreatment of the compounds was evaluated using plaque reduction assay. The cytotoxicity of the extract and the compounds on Vero cells were performed by MTT ***: MGDG and DGDG obtained by column chromatography showed identical profiles as standard MGDG and standard DGDG using thin layer chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography. MGDG and DGDG from C. nutans showed 100%inhibition of HSV-1 replication at the post step of infection at noncytotoxic concentration with IC50 values of 36.00 and 40.00 mg/m L, and HSV-2 at 41.00 and 43.20 mg/mL,respectively. Moreover, MGDG and DGDG from C. nutans were demonstrated to have antiherpes simplex activity at the same level as standard synthetic compounds. In contrast, pretreatment of Vero cells with MGDG and DGDG before HSV-1 and HSV-2 infection did not show inhibitory effect against these viruses. MGDG and DGDG exhibited antiviral activity against HSV-1 with selectivity index of 26.00 and 23.00 and HSV-2 of 23.30 and ***: MGDG and DGDG from C. nutans, a traditional Thai herbal medicine illustrated inhibitory activity against HSV-1 and HSV-2, probably by inhibiting the late stage of multiplication, suggesting their promising use as anti-HSV agents.

关键词： Glycoglycerolipids Monogalactosyl diglyceride Digalactosyl diglyceride Clinacanthus nutans Herpes simplex virus type 1 Herpes simplex virus type 2 Antiviral activity

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Experimental approach for seeing through walls using Wi-Fi enabled software defined radio technology

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Digital Communications and Networks 2016年第4期2卷 245-255页

作者： Isaac Cushman Danda B. Rawat Abhishek Bhimraj Malik fraser Department of Electrical Engineering Georgia Southern University Statesboro GA 30458 USA Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Howard University Washington DC 20059 USA

Modern handheld target detection methods are typically restricted to line of sight （LOS） techniques. The design of a new method to detect moving targets through non-transparent surfaces could greatly aid the safety of hazardous military and government operations. In this paper, we develop through-wall virtual imaging using Wi-Fi enabled software defined radio to see moving objects and their relative locations. We use LabVIEW and NI Universal Software Radio Peripheral （NI USRP2921 radios with Ettus Research LP0965 directive antennas） devices to detect moving objects behind walls by sending and receiving a signal with respect to the USRP＇s location. Based on the signal-to-interference ratio of our signal （rather than the traditional signal-to-noise method）, we could determine the target object behind the wall. The two major applications for this project are： detecting an active shooter that is standing on the other side of the wall and detecting abnormalities in the human body such as breast cancer with more sensitive antennas. Likewise, firefighters, law enforcement officers, and military men would find more practical purposes for the use of this system in their fields. We evaluate the proposed model using experimental results.

关键词： Wi-Fi based imaging Throughwall imaging Software defined radio

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Teaching teachers

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作者： James W. fraser and Lauren Lefty.

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Optical coherence tomography in optic disc drusen

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Annals of Eye Science 2020年第1期5卷 22-34页

作者： J.Alexander fraser Lulu L.C.D.Bursztyn Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences Western UniversityLondonONCanada Department of Ophthalmology Western UniversityLondonONCanada

Optic disc drusen (ODD) are hyaline deposits in the optic nerve head, occurring in approximately 2% of the population. ODD may be superficial and visible, or buried and either invisible or seen only as elevation of the optic disc, mimicking optic disc edema. Advanced optic nerve imaging, including optical coherence tomography (OCT) can be used to diagnose and characterize ODD with very high resolution. Enhanced depth imaging (EDI-OCT) in particular has emerged as the optimal modality to directly visualize ODD. This modality has led to a greater ability to differentiate ODD from optic disc edema and prevent misdiagnosis or invasive testing. We review the characteristic findings of ODD on OCT, their distinguishing features, and the use of OCT as a biomarker in the neuro-ophthalmic assessment of ODD.

关键词： Drusen optic disk tomography optical coherence

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LOV to BLUF： Flavoprotein Contributions to the Optogenetic Toolkit

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Molecular Plant 2012年第3期5卷 533-544页

作者： John M. Christie Jayde Gawthorne Gillian Young Niall J. fraser^c and Andrew J. Roe Institute of Molecular Cell and Systems Biology College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences University of Glasgow UK Institute of Infection immunity and Inflammation College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences University of Glasgow UK Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences University of Glasgow UK

Optogenetics is an emerging field that combines optical and genetic approaches to non-invasively interfere with cellular events with exquisite spatiotemporal control. Although it arose originally from neuroscience, optogenetics is widely applicable to the study of many different biological systems and the range of applications arising from this tech- nology continues to increase. Moreover, the repertoire of light-sensitive proteins used for devising new optogenetic tools is rapidly expanding. Light, Oxygen, or Voltage sensing （LOV） and Blue-Light-Utilizing flavin adenine dinucleotide （FAD）（BLUF） domains represent new contributors to the optogenetic toolkit. These small （100-140-amino acids） flavoprotein modules are derived from plant and bacterial photoreceptors that respond to UV-A/blue light. In recent years, considerable progress has been made in uncovering the photoactivation mechanisms of both LOV and BLUF domains. This knowledge has been applied in the design of synthetic photoswitches and fluorescent reporters with applications in cell biology and biotechnology. In this review, we summarize the photochemical properties of LOV and BLUF photosensors and highlight some of the recent advances in how these flavoproteins are being employed to artificially regulate and image a variety of biological processes.

关键词： Blue-Light.Utilizing FAD chromophore flavin fluorescence light, oxygen or voltage optogenetics photo- receptor protein engineering

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Hydrogen-Bonded Organic Frameworks:A Rising Class of Porous Molecular Materials

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Accounts of Materials Research 2020年第1期1卷 77-87页

作者： Penghao Li Matthew R.Ryder J.fraser Stoddart Department of Chemistry Northwestern UniversityEvanstonIllinois 60208United States Neutron Scattering Division Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTennessee 37831United States Institute for Molecular Design and Synthesis Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China School of Chemistry University of New South WalesSydneyNSW 2052Australia

CONSPECTUS:Hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks(HOFs)are a class of porous molecular materials that rely on the assembly of organic building blocks by means of hydrogen-bonding interactions to form two-dimensional(2D)and three-dimensional(3D)crystalline *** reversible nature of the hydrogenbond formation endows HOFs with the attributes of solution processability and simple ***-quality single crystals of HOFs can be grown easily for unambiguous superstructure determination by single-crystal X-ray diffraction,which is crucial for the elucidation of superstructure−property *** the past decade,considerable progress has been achieved in realizing stable HOFs with permanent porosities by focusing on the design of molecular building blocks in order to introduce rigidity,auxiliary[π···π]interactions,and interpenetration of their frameworks to sustain the extended *** applications of HOFs are far-reaching,spanning catalysis,energy,and biomedical products as well as the storage and separation of fine *** this Account,we,first of all,provide an overview of the chronological development of HOFs,starting from the seminal work by Marsh and Duchamp in 1969 on the crystal superstructure of the hydrogen-bonded networks of trimesic *** identify the development of novel hydrogen-bonding motifs such as diaminotriazine(DTA),the introduction of the concept of molecular tectonics,and the establishment of permanent porosity in HOFs as being some of the milestones,which incentivized the current burgeoning research endeavors on developing HOFs as multifunctional *** Account is focused primarily on surveying the strategies for constructing porous 3D HOFs based on organic building blocks with peripheral carboxyl *** strategies are presented in the following categories:(1)the polycatenation of 2D networks by trigonal building blocks to form global 3D frameworks,(2)the utilization of building blocks with 3D geometrie

关键词： properties. bonding bonded

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Impact of bolus volume on small intestinal intra-luminal impedance in healthy subjects

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第17期16卷 2151-2157页

作者： Nam Q Nguyen Laura K Bryant Carly M Burgstad Robert J fraser Daniel Sifrim Richard H Holloway Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology Royal Adelaide HospitalAdelaide 5000Australia Investigation and Procedures Unit Repatriation General HospitalDaw Park 5041Australia Department of Medicine Centre for Gastroen-terological ResearchK.U.LeuvenLeuven 3000Belgium

AIM: To assess the impact of bolus volume on the characteristics of small intestinal (SI) impedance ***: Concurrent SI manometry-impedance measurements were performed on 12 healthy volunteers to assess the pattern of proximal jejunal fluid bolus movement over a 14 *** subject was given 34 boluses of normal saline (volume from 1 to 30 mL) via the feeding tube placed immediately above the proximal margin of the studied segment.A bolus-induced impedance event occurred if there was > 12% impedance drop from baseline,over ≥ 3 consecutive segments within 10 s of bolus injection.A minor or major imped-ance event was defined as a duration of impedance drop < 60 s or ≥ 60 s,***: The minimum volume required for a detectable SI impedance event was 2 mL.A direct linear relationship between the SI bolus volume and the occurrence of impedance events was noted until SI bolus volume reached 10 mL,a volume which always produced an impedance flow *** was a moderate correlation between the bolus volume and the duration of impedance drop (r = 0.63,P < 0.0001) and the number of propagated channels (r = 0.50,P < 0.0001).High volume boluses were associated with more major impedance events (≥ 10 mL boluses = 63%,3 mL boluses = 17%,and < 3 mL boluses = 0%,P = 0.02).CONCLUSION: Bolus volume had an impact on the type and length of propagation of SI impedance events and a threshold of 2 mL is required to produce an event.

关键词： Bolus volume Health Impedance Luminal flow Small intestine

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Eight decades of compositional change in a managed northern hardwood landscape

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Forest Ecosystems 2023年第3期10卷 398-410页

作者： Mark J.Ducey Olivia L.fraser Mariko Yamasaki Ethan P.Belair William B.Leak University of New Hampshire Department of Natural Resources and the Environment114 James HallDurhamNH03824USA U.S.D.A.Forest Service White Mountain National Forest71 White Mountain DriveCamptonNH03223USA U.S.D.A.Forest Service Northern Research Station271 Mast RoadDurhamNH03824USA The Nature Conservancy Natural Climate SolutionsAfrica Regional Portland Office45 Exchange StSuite 303PortlandME04101USA

We analyzed over 8 decades of change in forest composition(represented by species proportion of basal area)and size class from more than 400 permanent plots located on the Bartlett Experimental Forest in the White Mountains of New *** data represent one of the longest-term landscape-scale records of forest change based on permanent plots in North *** analyzed the plots based on elevation class,land type indicating assumed successional direction(grouped into coniferous and deciduous),and inventory period within managed and unmanaged portions of the *** ongoing shift from small-to large-diameter stems is clear across all species,in response to the overall aging of the forest following exploitative harvesting in the 19th *** compositional changes include a continuing decline in shade-intolerant species(paper birch and aspen),along with the mid-tolerant yellow *** increase in red maple abundance through the early 1990s has leveled off or *** shade-tolerant species,increases in beech and red spruce were largely consistent with assumed land type on unmanaged plots,but heavy marking against diseased beech on managed plots restricted increase of that *** maple declined in abundance except where silvicultural intervention helped maintain *** contrast,eastern hemlock showed a continuing expansion at all elevations below 600 *** data continue to show little or no evidence of upward migration of species,despite evidence of recent regional change in ***,the BEF is poised for substantial changes when emerald ash borer and hemlock woolly adelgid,both of which are known to infest nearby areas,do arrive.

关键词： Northern hardwoods Succession Stand dynamics Silviculture

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The Rise and Promise of Molecular Nanotopology

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CCS Chemistry 2021年第7期3卷 1542-1572页

作者： Qing-Hui Guo Yang Jiao Yuanning Feng J.fraser Stoddart Department of Chemistry Northwestern UniversityEvanstonIL 60208 Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science Department of ChemistryZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027 ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center Hangzhou 311215 School of Chemistry University of New South WalesSydneyNSW 2052

Molecular nanotopology—a term we coined recently—is a rapidly developing field of research that is emerging out of the confluence of chemical topology with the mechanical *** perusing the increased research activities in this field,it is clear that a new discipline is ready to receive recognition in its own *** this Mini-Review,we address the historical development of chemical topology and describe how the rational design and practical synthesis of molecular links and knots with mechanical bonds.

关键词： chemical topology helicates interwoven grids mechanical bonds molecular knots molecular links nanoconfinement networks template synthesis topological chirality

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Moving the Posts： Two Models of Sports Research

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Cultural and Religious Studies 2014年第3期2卷 194-198页

作者： Jessica fraser Queens University Kingston Canada

This essay presents two models of sports research, one characterized by a didactic and normative relation to its object, while wedded to a view of language characterized by a transparent and non-mediated relation between signifier and signified, and another result of the linguistic turn and an interest in reception studies and audiences. The latter has failed to deliver on its promise to democratize sports studies, as it has become centrally engaged in mapping audiences as consumers. Through a narrative analysis of three stories by Kafka, the essay shows how these models can be seen as employing specific narrative forms, and how Kafka＇s last installment in The Hunger Artist sequel offered a different perspective of the relation between art and society. This latter form of narrative may take sports studies beyond the hold of what psychoanalyst Jacques Lacan referred to as the specular phase of subject formation and into an imaginary servitude characteristic of the social ＇T＇, formed in the closing phase of the Mirror Stage.

关键词： sport narrativity Lacan the mirror stage semiotics

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