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Prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia with inhaled antibiotics

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2024年第3期15卷 165-168页

作者： stephan Ehrmann Jie Li Intensive Care Medicine INSERM CIC 1415CRICS-TriggerSep FCRIN research networkUniversity Hospital Center in ToursTours 37044France Respiratory Pathology Research Center National Institute of Health and Medical ResearchTours 37000France Department of Cardiopulmonary Sciences Division of Respiratory CareRush UniversityChicago 60612USA

The direct delivery of inhaled antibiotics to the respiratory tract has been a subject of enduring interest among medical practitioners and researchers due to the associated favorable *** interest has been particularly pronounced in the context of critically illpatients,wherehealthcare-associatedpulmonary infections represent a significant challenge,driving continued exploration of inhaled antibiotics for intubated *** high-level evidence has shown a very promising application in the field of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) prevention.^([1]).

关键词： pneumonia ventilator respiratory

In Situ Mineralization of Biomass-Derived Hydrogels Boosts Capacitive Electrochemical Energy Storage in Free-Standing 3D Carbon Aerogels

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2024年第2期7卷 359-371页

作者： Anjali Achazhiyath Edathil Babak Rezaei Kristoffer Almdal stephan Sylνest Keller National Centre for Nano Fabrication and Characterization DTU NanolabTechnical University of Denmark2800LyngbyDenmark DTU Chemistry Technical University of Denmark2800LyngbyDenmark

Here,a novel fabrication method for making free-standing 3D hierarchical porous carbon aerogels from molecularly engineered biomass-derived hydrogels is *** situ formed flower-like CaCO_(3)molecularly embedded within the hydrogel network regulated the pore structure during in situ mineralization assisted one-step activation graphitization(iMAG),while the intrinsic structural integrity of the carbon aerogels was *** homogenously distributed minerals simultaneously acted as a hard template,activating agent,and graphitization *** decomposition of the homogenously distributed CaCO_(3)during iMAG followed by the etching of residual CaO through a mild acid washing endowed a robust carbon aerogel with high porosity and excellent electrochemical *** 0.5 mA cm^(-2),the gravimetric capacitance increased from 0.01 F g^(-1)without mineralization to 322 F g^(-1)with iMAG,which exceeds values reported for any other free-standing or powder-based biomass-derived carbon *** outstanding cycling stability of~104%after 1000 cycles in 1 M HClO4 was *** assembled symmetric supercapacitor device delivered a high specific capacitance of 376 F g^(-1)and a high energy density of 26 W h kg^(-1)at a power density of 4000 W kg^(-1),with excellent cycling performance(98.5%retention after 2000 cycles).In combination with the proposed 3D printed mold-assisted solution casting(3DMASC),iMAG allows for the generation of free-standing carbon aerogel architectures with arbitrary ***,the novel method introduces flexibility in constructing free-standing carbon aerogels from any ionically cross-linkable biopolymer while maintaining the ability to tailor the design,dimensions,and pore size distribution for specific energy storage applications.

关键词： biomass carbon aerogel sustainable energy materials free-standing supercapacitors

A comparative study on design standards of screw conveyors in China,Germany,and the USA–Part II:Discrete element method

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Particuology 2024年第9期92卷 113-125页

作者： Yuan Tan Michael Rackl Weijie Yang Johannes Fottner Wenjun Meng stephan Kessler Technical University of Munich Chair for Materials HandlingMaterial FlowLogisticsGarchingGermany Ibracon–Ingenieurbüro Dr.-Ing.Rackl ZornedingGermany School of Mechanical Engineering Taiyuan University of Science and TechnologyTaiyuanChina

This part of the study aims to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of technical standards of screw conveyors in China,Germany,and the USA for industrial *** source or determination method of empirical coefficients as well as the theoretical foundation of dimensioning-relevant diagrams in these standards is not explicitly documented in the ***,instead of less efficient on-site tests,the numerical simulation by discrete element method is *** on the geometrical and operational designs determined in three standards for horizontal,slightly inclined,and vertical conveyance of three representative bulk solids(barley,lignite,and sand),the potential influencing factors are *** constant particle and contact parameters,the potential deviations caused by particle models are ***,the accuracy of power consumption calculation of each standard and the divergence between accessible and required mass flows is comprehensively assessed based on the analysis of simulated *** main conclusions are drawn:(1)Particle fall back is barely considered by all three standards and leads to overestimated mass throughput;(2)The decrease in mass throughput caused by an increasing degree of filling can be compensated by slowing down the rotational speed.

关键词： Discrete element method Design standard Screw conveyor Screw auger Bulk solid

Inner-shell ionization cross sections of atoms by positron impact

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2024年第6期76卷 142-147页

作者： Yuan-Cheng Wang Jia Ma Li-Guang Jiao stephan Fritzsche College of Physical Science and Technology Shenyang Normal UniversityShenyang 110034China Helmholtz-Institut Jena D-07743 JenaGermany GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH D-64291 DarmstadtGermany College of Science Shenyang Aerospace UniversityShenyang 110136China College of Physics Jilin UniversityChangchun 130012China Theoretisch-Physikalisches Institut Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena07743 JenaGermany

The relativistic binary-encounter-Bethe model with Wannier-type threshold law is employed to obtain the inner-shell ionization cross sections of multi-electron atoms(Ni,Cu,Y,Ag,Au,Yb,Ta,and Pb)for positron impact energies from the thresholds up to 105ke *** is good agreement between the present calculations and the experimental *** constant in the acceleration term derived from the Wannier law is determined to be 0.2 and 0.5 for the K-and L-shells,respectively.

关键词： positron scattering ionization cross section binary-encounter-Bethe model

Temporally Preserving Latent Variable Models:Offline and Online Training for Reconstruction and Interpretation of Fault Data for Gearbox Condition Monitoring

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Journal of Dynamics, Monitoring and Diagnostics 2024年第2期3卷 156-177页

作者： Ryan Balshaw P.stephan Heyns Daniel N.Wilke stephan Schmidt Center for Asset Integrity Management Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical EngineeringUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa

Latent variable models can effectively determine the condition of essential rotating machinery without needing labeled *** models analyze vibration data via an unsupervised learning *** preservation is necessary to obtain an informative latent manifold for the fault diagnosis *** a temporalpreserving context,two approaches exist to develop a condition-monitoring methodology:offline and *** latent variable models,the available training modes are not *** many traditional methods use offline training,online training can dynamically adjust the latent manifold,possibly leading to better fault signature extraction from the vibration *** study explores online training using temporal-preserving latent variable *** online training,there are two main methods:one focuses on reconstructing data and the other on interpreting the data *** are considered to evaluate how they diagnose faults over *** two experimental datasets,the study confirms that models from both training modes can detect changes in machinery health and identify faults even under varying ***,the complementarity of offline and online models is emphasized,reassuring their versatility in fault *** the implications of the training approach and the available model formulations is crucial for further research in latent variable modelbased fault diagnostics.

关键词： Condition monitoring unsupervised learning latent variable models temporal preservation training approaches

p-wave resonances in the exponential cosine screened Coulomb potential

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2024年第7期76卷 105-113页

作者： Yuan-Cheng Wang Li Guang Jiao Aihua Liu Yew Kam Ho stephan Fritzsche College of Physical Science and Technology Shenyang Normal UniversityShenyang 110034China College of Physics Jilin UniversityChangchun 130012China Helmholtz-Institut Jena D-07743 JenaGermany GSI Helmholtzzentrum fur Schwerionenforschung GmbH D-64291 DarmstadtGermany Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics Jilin UniversityChangchun 130012China Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences Academia SinicaTaipei 10617TaiwanChina

We perform benchmark calculations of the p-wave resonances in the exponentially cosine screened Coulomb potential using the uniform complex-scaling generalized pseudo-spectral *** present results show significant improvement in calculation accuracy compared to previous predictions and correct the misidentification of resonance electron configuration in previous *** is found that the resonance states approximately follow an n^(2)-scaling law which is similar to the bound *** birth of a new resonance would distort the trajectory of an adjacent higher-lying resonance.

关键词： complex-scaling method shape resonance generalized pseudospectral method exponential cosine screened Coulomb potential

Analyzing thermal maturity effect on shale organic matter via PeakForce quantitative nanomechanical mapping

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Rock Mechanics Bulletin

Rock Mechanics Bulletin 2024年第3期3卷 38-52页

作者： Chioma Onwumelu Oladoyin Kolawole stephan Nordeng Olufemi Olorode Harold Hamm School of Geology and Geological Engineering University of North DakotaGrand ForksND58202USA John A.Reif Jr.Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringNew Jersey Institute of TechnologyNewarkNJ07102USA Craft and Hawkins Department of Petroleum Engineering Louisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLA70803USA

Organic-rich shales have gained significant attention in recent years due to their pivotal role in unconventional hydrocarbon *** shale rocks undergo thermal maturation processes that alter their mechanical properties,making their study essential for subsurface ***,characterizing the mechanical properties of organic-rich shale is often challenging due to its multiscale nature and complex *** work aims to bridge that knowledge gap to fully understand the nanomechanical properties of Shale organic matter at various thermal maturation *** study employs PeakForce Quantitative Nanomechanical Map-ping(PF-QNM)using Atomic Force Microscopy(AFM)to investigate how changes at the immature,early mature,and peak mature stages impact the mechanical properties of the Bakken Shale organic ***-QNM provides reliable mechanical measurements,allowing for the quantification and qualification of shale constituents'elastic modulus(E).We also accounted for the effect of probe type and further analyzed the impact of probe wear on the nanomechanical properties of shale organic *** immature shale,the average elastic modulus of organic matter is approximately 6 GPa,whereas in early mature and peak mature shale,it decreases to 5.5 GPa and 3.8 GPa,*** reveal a mechanical degradation with increasing thermal maturation,as evidenced by a reduction in Young's modulus(E).Specifically,the immature shale exhibits an 8%reduction in E,while the early mature and peak mature shales experience more substantial reductions of 31%and 37%,*** phenomenon could be attributed to the surface probing of low-modulus materials like bitumen generated during *** findings underscore the potential of AFM PF-QNM for assessing the nanomechanical characteristics of complex and heterogeneous rocks like ***,it also highlights the need for standardized mea-surement practices,considering the diverse components in these

关键词： Rock mechanics Nanomechanics Shale Organic matter Atomic force microscopy Nanomechanical mapping

Small mammal community composition impacts bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus) population dynamics and associated seroprevalence of Puumala orthohantavirus

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第1期19卷 52-65页

作者： Felicitas Maria BUJNOCH Daniela REIL stephan DREWES Ulrike MROSENFELD Rainer G.ULRICH Jens JACOB Christian IMHOLT Julius Kühn-Institute Federal Research Centre for Cultivated PlantsInstitute for Epidemiology and Pathogen DiagnosticsRodent ResearchMünsterGermany University of Münster Institute for Evolution and BiodiversityMünsterGermany Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut Federal Research Institute for Animal HealthInstitute of Novel and Emerging Infectious DiseasesGreifswald-Insel RiemsGermany

Rodents are important reservoirs for zoonotic pathogens that cause diseases in *** is hypoth-esized to be closely related to pathogen prevalence through multiple direct and indirect *** example,the presence of non-host species can reduce contact rates of the main reservoir host and thus reduce the risk of transmission(“dilution effect”).In addition,an overlap in ecological niches between two species could lead to increased interspecific competition,potentially limiting host densities and reducing density-dependent pathogen transmission *** this study,we investigated the relative impact of population-level regulation of direct and indirect drivers of the prevalence of Puumala orthohantavirus(PUUV)in bank voles(Clethrionomys glareolus)during years with high *** compiled data on small mammal community composition from four regions in Germany between 2010 and *** equation modeling revealed a strong seasonality in PUUV control mechanisms in bank *** abundance of shrews tended to have a negative relationship with host abundance,and host abundance positively influenced PUUV seroprevalence,while at the same time increasing the abundance of competing non-hosts like the wood mouse(Apodemus sylvaticus)and the yellow-neckedfield mouse(Apodemusflavicollis)were associated with reduced PUUV seroprevalence in the *** results indicate that for PUUV in bank voles,dilution is associated with increased interspecific *** pressures leading to the decline of Apodemus *** a specific habitat could lead to the amplification of mechanisms promoting PUUV transmission within the host populations.

关键词： bank vole biodiversity Puumala orthohantavirus small mammals

A Strongandd Open Partner For the World

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Beijing Review 2024年第43期67卷 22-23页

作者： stephan Ossenkopp Schiller Institute in Germany

As the People's Republic of China celebrated the 75th anniversary of its founding on October 1,it received congratulatory messages from around the ***'s accomplishments over the past three generations have been nothing if not exceptional,specifically in terms of economic,cultural and technological *** are some of its milestone achievements,shared as an expression of respect.

关键词： Strong founding exceptional