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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2022年第2期19卷 130-132页

作者： Jonas Buttenschön stefan Vogt Jochen Mattner Mikrobiologisches Institut-Klinische Mikrobiologie Immunologie und HygieneUniversitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander-Universität(FAU)Erlangen-NürnbergErlangenGermany Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen FAU Erlangen-NürnbergErlangenGermany.

The clinical manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection,which is the cause of the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,are highly variable and range from asymptomatic carriage or mild symptoms to severe disease involving different organ ***,the specific factors influencing individual clinical outcomes remain ***,to characterize the versatile interplay of mucosal and systemic immune responses with the local microbiome and the viral load,as well as its impact on the course of the disease,Smith et *** integrated analyses of nasopharyngeal swabs and plasma samples from COVID-19 patients with varying degrees of illness *** observed that spike-specific neutralizing antibodies were heterogeneous between paired plasma samples and nasopharyngeal swabs from individual SARS-CoV-2 patients,suggesting a tissuedependent regulation of humoral immune responses.

关键词： immunity mucosal clinical

Flow hydrodynamics drive effective fish attraction behaviour into slotted fishway entrances

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2023年第4期35卷 782-802页

作者： Maryam Farzadkhoo Richard T.Kingsford Iain M.Suthers stefan Felder Water Research Laboratory School of Civil and Environmental EngineeringThe University of New South WalesSydneyAustralia Centre for Ecosystem Science School of BiologicalEarth and Environmental SciencesThe University of New South WalesSydneyAustralia

Effective fishways rely on attracting fish,utilising the natural rheotactic behaviour of fish to orient into an attraction flow near the *** the critical importance of attraction,understanding of the hydrodynamics of vertical slot entrances in relation to fish behaviour remains ***,hydrodynamic measurements of flows at slotted fishway entrances were experimented with two different designs,two velocities,three water depths,and two fish species,silver perch(Bidyanus bidyanus)and Australian bass(Percalates novemaculeata).Fish behaviours were tracked in relation to hydrodynamic measures of three-dimensional velocity and turbulent kinetic energy(TKE).There were distinct differences in the attraction flow between entrance designs,irrespective of velocity and water depth.A plain slotted entrance produced a more symmetric flow in the centre of the flume,causing fish to approach the entrance by skirting the core of the attraction jet flow and areas of high *** contrast,streamlined slotted entrance design resulted in an asymmetric attraction flow which guided fish along the wingwall towards the slotted entrance,improving attraction for both *** were clear patterns in swimming trajectories for silver perch,swimming along the sidewalls of the observation zone towards the entrance,but Australian bass were less predictable,using random routes on their way to the slotted *** species preferred areas of low turbulence(TKE<0.02 m^(2)/s^(2)).This work has important implications for design of vertical slotted entrance systems.

关键词： Attraction jet flow fish behaviour fish swimming trajectories turbulent kinetic energy(TKE) Australian native fish

Heart failure classification in clinical practice: time to redefine?

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Chinese Medical Journal 2022年第9期135卷 1039-1040页

作者： Kai Hu Georg Ertl stefan Frantz Peter Nordbeck Comprehensive Heart Failure Center WürzburgGermany Department of Internal Medicine I University Hospital WürzburgWürzburgGermany.

Heart failure (HF) represents one of the major disease burdens worldwide now. Congestive HF-related medicare expenditures remain high, constituting a global challenge. After manifestation, patients with HF face signif... 详细信息

关键词： mortality clinical morbidity

Speciation in nanosecond laser ablation of zinc in water

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2022年第7期65卷 90-98页

作者： stefan Reich Yannis Klügl Anna Ziefuss RenéStreubel Jorg Gottlicher Anton Plech Institute for Photon Science and Synchrotron Radiation Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyKarlsruhe D-76021Germany Department of Technical ChemistryⅠand Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen University of Duisburg-EssenEssen D-45141Germany Fraunhofer Institute for High-Speed Dynamics Ernst-Mach-Institute(EMI)Freiburg 79104Germany

In situ experimental methods have been applied to resolve mass flow and chemical speciation in the pulsed laser ablation of zinc in water. The chemical speciation has been resolved by time-resolved μ-X-ray absorption spectroscopy and mapped onto the macroscopic mass flow during material ejection from the metallic target and bubble dynamics of evaporated water. Large particles and agglomerates have been detected via dark-field X-ray imaging with a Shack-Hartmann sensor. The characteristic of the dynamics is that the vapor bubble is nearly homogeneously filled with ablated material. This persists during bubble collapse,which means that the ablated particles are captured and retracted towards the target. Limited mass escape is indicated by the X-ray absorption signal. Importantly, the near-edge structure at the Zn-K;transition delivers information on the chemical state of the ejected material. It clearly confirms that oxidation is not present within the bubble phase and the following sub-millisecond time scale. The oxidation proceeds on Zn nanoparticles in suspension on a second to minute course. Within the first microseconds,a Zn atom phase is detected that resembles Zn vapor. The addition of either reductive NaBH;or oxidative HAuCl;to the water phase influences the quantity of the atom contribution moderately, but does not influence the initial atom phase. Such behavior must be understood in terms of the nanosecond pulse excitation. After ejected material and a plasma is formed within the pulse duration of 7 ns the laser is able to further heat the ejecta and transform it partly into vapor. Correspondingly, the coupling of energy into the ablation zone as followed by plasma intensity and bubble size follows a threshold behavior as a function of laser fluence, marking the onset of laser-plasma heating. The reaction conditions inside the bubble are probably reductive due to the concomitant formation of excess hydrogen.

关键词： laser ablation in liquids elemental speciation X-ray absorption spectroscopy oxidation zinc oxide nanoparticles

Checkpoint inhibitor-induced hepatotoxicity:Role of liver biopsy and management approach

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World Journal of Hepatology 2022年第7期14卷 1269-1276页

作者： Fernando Bessone Einar stefan Bjornsson Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Facultad de Ciencias MédicasHospital Provincial del CentenarioUniversity of Rosario School of MedicineRosario 2000Santa FeArgentina Department of Gastroenterology Natl Univ Hosp IcelandSect Gastroenterol&HepatolDept Internal MedHringbraut 11DIS-101 ReykjavikIceland Landspitali University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine University of IcelandReykjavik Postal code 101State of ReykjavikIceland

Immunological checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)have revolutionized therapy of many different *** immune-mediated adverse effects are common and can affect many organs such as the skin,lungs,gastrointestinal and endocrine organs as well as the *** injury has been reported in 3%-8%of patients with grade III-IV hepatitis in retrospective *** liver injury is characterized by hepatocellular injury resembling autoimmune hepatitis biochemically but not immunologically as patients with ICI induced hepatoxicity rarely have auto-antibodies or IgG *** role for liver biopsy(LB)in patients with suspected liver injury due to ICIs is controversial and it is not clear whether results of a LB will change clinical *** can be helpful when there is diagnostic uncertainty and pre-existing liver disease is *** there are no distinctive histological features,the finding of granulomas and endothelitis may suggest a specific type of hepatitis induced by *** natural history of hepatotoxicity of ICI therapy is not well *** studies have demonstrated that 33%-50%of patients improve spontaneously with discontinuation of *** patients with jaundice and/or coagulopathy corticosteroids are *** high doses of corticosteroids with 1-2 mg/kg/d of methylprednisolone recommended by the oncological societies are *** it has shown that initial treatment with 1 mg/kg/d provided similar liver tests improvement which was also associated with a reduced risk of steroid-induced adverse effects in comparison with higher-dose *** immunosuppression mostly with mycophenolate mofetil has been reported to be helpful.

关键词： Hepatotoxicity Checkpoint inhibitors Biologics hepatitis Drug-induced liver injury Liver biopsy

Hypothesis that alpha-amylase evokes regulatory mechanisms originating in the pancreas,gut and circulation,which govern glucose/insulin homeostasis

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世界糖尿病杂志:英文版(电子版) 2023年第9期14卷 1341-1348页

作者： stefan G Pierzynowski Christine Stier Kateryna Pierzynowska Department of Medical Biology Institute of Rural HealthLublin 20090Poland Department of Biology Lund UniversityLund 22362Sweden Anara AB Trelleborg 23132Sweden Department of General VisceralTransplantVascularand Pediatric Surgery and Division of EndocrinologyUniversity Hospital WürzburgWürzburg 97080Germany Department of Surgical Endoscopy Sana HospitalHuerth 50354Germany Department of Animal Physiology The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and NutritionJablonna 05110Poland Anagram Therapeutics IncFraminghamMA 01701United States

The anti-incretin theory involving the abolishment of diabetes type(DT)II by some of methods used in bariatric surgery,first appeared during the early years of the XXI century and considers the existence of anti-incretin ***,to date no exogenous or endogenous anti-incretins have been *** concept of the acini-islet-acinar axis assumes that insulin intra-pancreatically stimulates alpha-amylase synthesis(“halo phenomenon”)and in turn,alphaamylase reciprocally inhibits insulin production,thus making alpha-amylase a candidate for being an ***,gut as well as plasma alphaamylase,of pancreatic and other origins,inhibits the appearance of dietary glucose in the blood,lowering the glucose peak after iv or oral glucose *** effect of alpha-amylase can be interpreted as an insulin down regulatory mechanism,possibly limiting the depletion of pancreatic beta cells and preventing their *** observations agree with the above statements,where patients with high blood alpha-amylase concentrations are seldom obese and seldom develop ***-DT2,as well as DT1 patients,usually develop exocrine pancreatic insufficiency(EPI)and vice ***,DT2 patients develop DT1,when the pancreatic beta cells are exhausted and insulin production *** on biliopancreatic diversion(BPD)and on BPD with duodenal switch,a type of bariatric surgery,as well as studies on EPI pigs,allow us to observe and investigate the above-mentioned phenomena of intra-pancreatic interactions.

关键词： Pancreas Alpha-amylase Acini-islet-acinar axis Hyperglycaemia Bariatrics Insulin Incretins Glucosedependent insulinotropic polypeptide Glucagon-like peptide-1 Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency Pancreatic enzyme therapy Diabetes

Tender evaluation through efficiency analysis for public construction contracts

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Frontiers of Engineering Management 2022年第1期9卷 148-158页

作者： stefan NIEWERTH Peter VOGT Markus THEWES Institute for Tunnelling and Construction Management Ruhr-University Bochum44801BochumGermany Institute of Civil Engineering Hochschule Ruhr West45479Mülheim/RuhrGermany

Given the European Public Procurement Directive 2014/24/EU,policymakers have ordered the inclusion of various criteria,such as the price,life-cycle costs,environmental,and social aspects,in the evaluation of tenders for public construction ***,the relevance of non-monetary award criteria has gained significant ***,the established evaluation formulas,which are used to obtain the best value for money procurement,have resulted in legal *** existing evaluation formulas exhibit mathematical weaknesses,wherein scoring indices do not express economic efficiency ***,a conflict is observed between the political requirement of non-monetary award criteria and their evaluation by contracting *** overcome such dilemma,an extensive literature review is ***,this study explores the essential problems of existing evaluation formulas and develops a more reliable *** technique from the field of efficiency analysis,i.e.,Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA),is adopted in this *** contract awarding,the DEA is extended by introducing a decision theoretical *** public procurement,the proposed method combines two ***,the proposed method ensures the derivation of a robust tender ranking given that with respect to clients’preferences,irrelevant and insufficiently tailored tenders do not influence the ***,the proposed method supports the intention of policy makers to promote public goals,such as sustainable *** disclosing the strengths and weaknesses of bidders with respect to their competitors,all bidders can obtain a precise overview of their performance regarding the award *** sum,the proposed method allows a targeted improvement of certain criteria values in future tenders and consequently leads to an enhancement of public goals.

关键词： bid evaluation public procurement best value for money data envelopment analysis contractor selection

Literature review and bibliometric analysis on data-driven assessment of landslide susceptibility

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Journal of Mountain Science 2022年第6期19卷 1670-1698页

作者： Pedro LIMA stefan STEGER Thomas GLADE Franny G.MURILLO-GARCIA University of Vienna Institute of Geography and Regional ResearchUniversitatsstrafie 7lowViennaAustria Eurac Research Institute for Earth ObservationDrususallee l/Viale Druso 139100Bozen-BolzanoItaly Institute of Geography National Autonomous University of Mexico(UNAM)Circuito ExteriorCiudad Universitaria04510CoyoacanMexico CityMexico

In recent decades, data-driven landslide susceptibility models(Dd LSM), which are based on statistical or machine learning approaches, have become popular to estimate the relative spatial probability of landslide occurrence. The available literature is composed of a wealth of published studies and that has identified a large variety of challenges and innovations in this field. This review presents a comprehensive up-to-date overview focusing on the topic of Dd LSM. This research begins with an introduction of the theoretical aspects of Dd LSM research and is followed by an in-depth bibliometric analysis of 2585 publications. This analysis is based on the Web of Science, Clarivate Analytics database and provides insights into the transient characteristics and research trends within published spatial landslide assessments. Following the bibliometric analysis, a more detailed review of the most recent publications from 1985 to 2020 is given. A variety of different criteria are explored in detail, including research design, study area extent,inventory characteristics, classification algorithms, predictors utilized, and validation technique performed. This section, dealing with a quantitativeoriented review expands the time-frame of the review publication done by Reichenbach et al. in 2018 by also accounting for the four years, 2017-2020. The originality of this research is acknowledged by combining together:(a) a recap of important theoretical aspects of Dd LSM;(b) a bibliometric analysis on the topic;(c) a quantitative-oriented review of relevant publications;and(d) a systematic summary of the findings, indicating important aspects and potential developments related to the Dd LSM research topic. The results show that Dd LSM are used within a wide range of applications with study area extents ranging from a few kilometers to national and even continental scales. In more than 70% of publications, a combination of the predictors, slope angle, aspect and geology are used.

关键词： Review Landslide susceptibility Statistical models Machine learning Bibliometrics

Porous insights:IpaH7.8 reveals crystal-clear differences of gasdermins in mice and men

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2023年第7期8卷 3209-3210页

作者： Friedrich Alexander von Samson-Himmelstjerna Benedikt Kolbrink stefan Krautwald Department of Nephrology and Hypertension University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein24105 KielGermany

Two recent back-to-back papers published in Nature provide new insights into the structural basis of gasdermin B(GSDMB)targeting by the secreted Shigella virulence effector IpaH7.8,the regulation of GSDMB’s pore-forming pyroptotic activity by alternative splicing,and into the inter-species differences regarding IpaH7.8-mediated inhibition of gasdermin D(GSDMD)activity.

关键词： insight Shigella activity

Advances in femtosecond laser direct writing of fiber Bragg gratings in multicore fibers:technology,sensor and laser applications

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Opto-Electronic Advances 2022年第4期5卷 48-68页

作者： Alexey Wolf Alexander Dostovalov Kirill Bronnikov Mikhail Skvortsov stefan Wabnitz Sergey Babin Novosibirsk State University Novosibirsk 630090Russia Institute of Automation and Electrometry of the SB RAS Novosibirsk 630090Russia Department of Information Electronics and Telecommunications EngineeringSapienza University of RomeRome 00184Italy

In this article,we review recent advances in the technology of writing fiber Bragg gratings(FBGs)in selected cores of multicore fibers(MCFs)by using femtosecond laser *** writing technology of such a key element as the FBG opens up wide opportunities for the creation of next generation fiber lasers and sensors based on *** advantages of the technology are shown by using the examples of 3D shape sensors,acoustic emission sensors with spatially multiplexed channels,as well as multicore fiber Raman lasers.

关键词： multicore fiber fiber Bragg grating femtosecond laser micromachining fiber laser fiber sensor