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Asian Journal of Urology 2024年第3期11卷 460-465页

作者： Ankit gupta Arvind P.ganpule Ankush Puri Abhishek g.singh Ravindra B.Sabnis Mahesh R.Desai Muljibhai Patel Urological Hospital NadiadGujaratIndia

Objective:To compare the efficacy and safety of thulium fiber laser(TFL)and holmium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet(Ho:YAg)laser for ureteric stone management with semi-rigid ***:In a prospective study from January 2020 to December 2021,we compared 40 patients in each group who underwent semi-rigid ureteroscopic lithotripsy with TFL and that with Ho:YAg *** volume,stone density,stone fragmentation rates,total lasing time,total operative time,endoscopic vision,retropulsion and stone free rates were analyzed in both groups and ***:Mean stone volume was comparable in the TFL group and the Ho:YAg laser group(282.45[standard deviation,SD 139.79]mm3 vs.279.49[SD 312.52]mm3;p=0.964).Mean stone density was also comparable in the TFL group and the Ho:YAg laser group(1135.30[SD 317.04]Hounsfield unit vs.1131.75[SD 283.03]Hounsfield unit;p=0.959).The mean stone fragmentation rates calculated as stone volume divided by lasing time were 25.85(SD 10.61)mm3/min and 21.37(SD 14.13)mm3/min in the TFL group and the Ho:YAg laser group,respectively(p=0.113).The mean total lasing time(10.15[SD]4.69 min vs.11.43[SD 4.56]min;p=0.222),mean operative time(25.13[SD 9.51]min vs.25.54[SD 10.32]min;p=0.866),and mean total hospital stay(2.62[SD 0.77]days vs.2.61[SD 0.84]days;p=0.893)were comparable in the TFL group and in the Ho:YAg *** vision was better and retropulsion was less in the TFL *** stone-free rate at 1 month postoperatively was slightly better in the TFL group(100%vs.90%;p=0.095).

关键词： Laser Stone Urolithiasis Thulium Holmium

Comparative productivity of Prosopis cineraria and Tecomella undulata based agroforestry systems in degraded lands of Indian Desert

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Journal of Forestry Research 2009年第A2期20卷 144-150,I0003页

作者： g. singh Division of Forest Ecology Arid Forest Research Institute New Pali Road Jodhpur-342005 India

Tree-crop interactions were monitored by measuring tree growth characters of Prosopis cineraria L. and Tecomella undulata L. and yields of Vigna radiata （L） in agroforestry systems in degraded lands of Indian Desert. Potential competition for resource between the trees and associated crop was analyzed by measuring soil water contents, soil organic matters and NH4-N at different depths of soil layers i.e., 0-25 cm, 25-50 cm and 50-75 cm in the experimental plots. The plots size were 16 m × 18 m （D1）, 20 m × 18 m （D2） and 32 m × 18 m （D3） with tree densities of 208, 138 and 104 ***^-1 after June 2002, respectively. Results showed that tree height increased by 3% to 7% during June 2002 to June 2004. Collar diameter increased by 30% and 11% in D1, 23% and 19% in D2 and 18% and 36% in D3 plots, respectively, in P. cineraria and T. undulata in two years period. The increase in crown diameter was 9% to 18% in P. cineraria and 11% to 16% in T. undulata. Tree growth was relatively greater in 2002 than in 2003. Yield of V. radiata increased linearly from D1 to D3 plots. Lowest soil water content at 1 m distance from tree base indicated greater utilization of soil water within the tree rooting zone. Concentrations of soil organic matters and NH4-N were the highest （p〈0.05） in 0-25 cm soil layer. P. cineraria was more beneficial than T. undulata in improving soil conditions and increasing crop yield by 11.1% and thus more suitable for its integration in agricultural land. The yield of agricultural crop increased when density of tree species was appropriate （i.e., optimum tree density）, though it varied with tree size and depended upon resource availability. The result indicated bio-economic benefits of optimum density of P. cineraria and T. undulata over traditional practices of maintaining random trees in farming system in arid zones.

关键词： arid region crop yield land productivity soil water and nutrients tree growth

Frameworks of Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access Techniques in Cognitive Radio Communication Systems

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China Communications 2019年第6期16卷 129-149页

作者： Prabhat Thakur Alok Kumar S Pandit g singh S N Satashia Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Jaypee University of Information TechnologyWaknaghat-173215India Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Auckland Park Kingsway Campus University of JohannesburgPO Box 524Johannesburg-2006S Africa Space Application Centre Indian Space Research OrganizationAhmedabad-380015India

Recently,the increasing demand of radio spectrum for the next generation communication systems due to the explosive growth of applications appetite for bandwidths has led to the problem of spectrum *** potential approaches among the proposed solutions to resolve this issue are well explored cognitive radio(CR)technology and recently introduced non-orthogonal multiple access(NOMA)*** the techniques are employed for efficient spectrum utilization and assure the significant improvement in the spectral ***,the significant improvement in spectral efficiency can be achieved by combining both the *** the CR is well-explored technique as compared to that of the NOMA in the field of communication,therefore it is worth and wise to implement this technique over the *** this article,we have presented the frameworks of NOMA implementation over CR as well as the feasibility of proposed ***,the differences between proposed CR-NOMA and conventional CR frameworks are ***,the potential issues regarding the implementation of CR-NOMA are explored.

关键词： cognitive radio channel state information non-orthogonal multiple access power division multiple access superposition-coding successive-interference-cancellation

Application of seminal germ cell morphology and semen biochemistry in the diagnosis and management of azoospermic subjects

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2001年第1期3卷 55-62页

作者： Somnath Roy A.Banerjee H.C.Pandey g.singh g.L.Kumari National Institute of Health and Family Welfare (NIHFW) New Delhi-110067 India Reproductive Health Foundation(RHF) New Delhi IndiaNational Institute of Health and Family Welfare (NIHFW) New Delhi-110067 IndiaNational Institute of Health and Family Welfare (NIHFW) New Delhi-110067 IndiaNational Institute of Health and Family Welfare (NIHFW) New Delhi-110067 IndiaReproductive Health Foundation (RHF) New Delhi India

Aim: To evaluate whether the study of seminal germ cell morphology (SgCM) and semen biochemistry could befruitfully utilized for the diagnosis and management of azoospermic subjects. Methods: In the semen, mature andimmature germ cells are contributed by the testes, 70% of glycerylphosphoryl choline (gPC) by the epididymis, fruc-tose mostly or solely by the seminal vesicles and acid phosphate (ACP) by the prostate. In 16 normal volunteers, 12vasectomized subjects and 186 azoospennic subjects, these parameters have been studied and the data have been ana-lyzed. Results: Both mature and immature germ cells are absent in the semen of vasectomized subjects as well as inobstructive azoospennia; gPC level is also significantly decreased in both these groups. In cases with non-obstructiveazoospermia immature germ cells are present and seminal gPC, ACP and fructose levels are normal. The diagnosis ofobstructive and non-obstructive azoospermia based on these parameters correlated well with 'correct' testicular biopsyfindings. In some cases of azoospermia due to hypospermatogenesis or spermatogenic developmental arrest, the SgCMstudies were very helpful in objectively monitoring the response of the germinal tissue to specific treaunents. Conclu-sion: SgCM and semen biochemical parameters are very valuable non-invasive markers for differentiating obstructivefrom non-obstructive azoospermia. The SgCM findings serve as a dependable non-invasive testicular marker with highpredictive value. (Asian J Androl 2001 Mar; 3: 55-62)

关键词： azoospermia semen biochemistry germ cells intracytoplasmic sperm injection

Structural,Transport and Optical Properties of Boron-doped Zinc Oxide Nanocrystalline

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2011年第6期27卷 481-488页

作者： Vinod Kumar R.g.singh L.P.Purohit R.M.Mehra Department of Physics Gurukula Kangri University Department of Electronic Science University of Delhi South Campus Maharaja Agrasen College University of Delhi 110 096 India School of Engineering & Technology Sharda University

The paper has reported the structural,transport and optical properties of boron doped zinc oxide（ZnO：B） thin films grown on glass substrate by sol-gel spin coating *** is observed from the analysis of the X-ray diffraction（XRD） results that the crystalline quality of the films is improved with increasing B concentration.A crystallite size of ～17 nm is obtained for B doped films.A minimum resistivity of 7.9×10-4 Ω.cm is obtained at 0.6 at.% of B concentration in the ZnO：B *** and intragrain cluster scattering are found to dominate the scattering mechanism in ZnO：B *** interference pattern in transmittance spectra shows good homogeneity with a transparency of ～88% in the visible *** band gap of the films is increased from 3.24 to 3.35 eV with increasing B *** gap widening is analyzed in terms of Burstein-Moss *** origin of the broad band photoluminescence（PL） spectra is explained in terms of the intragrain cluster scattering.

关键词： Zinc oxide Boron Photoluminescence Intragrain B-M shift

Comparative measurement of CO_(2),CH_(4)and CO at two traffic interjunctions having inflated vehicular flow in Delhi

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第7期141卷 314-329页

作者： Komal Daya Soni Khem singh Shankar g.Aggarwal CSIR-National Physical Laboratory Dr.K.S.Krishnan MargNew Delhi 110012India Academy of Scientific&Innovative Research(AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002India

Vehicular emissions are considered one of the major anthropogenic sources of greenhouse gases and poor air quality in metropolitan *** study aims to see the correlation of CO_(2),CH_(4),and CO through monitoring over a period from December 2020 to October 2021 covering three seasons’winter,summer,and monsoon at two different traffic locations of Delhi having different traffic volumes,road patterns,and traffic *** annual average morning concentration of CO_(2),CH_(4)and CO was found(533±105),(7.3±3.1),(10.7±3.0)ppm at Najafgarh and(480±70),(5.2±1.8),(7.8±2.8)ppm at Rajendra Place,respectively.A relationship between concentration of all three gases and meteorological parameters such as temperature,humidity,wind speed and wind direction has also been investigated using Pearson correlation coefficient and pollution rose diagram.A comparable pattern in concentration was observed for all three gases in spatial(location)and temporal(diurnal)*** concentration trend of CO_(2)in different seasons is winter>summer>monsoon,while in the case of CH_(4)winter=summer>monsoon but not any seasonal trend was noted in CO *** is observed that CO_(2)has a good relation with CO(a tracer for vehicular emission)in terms of diurnal variation,whereas,CH_(4)does not represent a relation with CO and CO_(2)diurnally,suggesting that vehicles are the source of CO_(2)but not much contributing to other greenhouse gases like CH_(4).

关键词： Vehicular emission greenhouse gases Harmful pollutants Meteorological parameters

Screening Azadirachta indica tree for enhancing azadirachtin and oil contents in dry areas of gujarat,India

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Journal of Forestry Research 2011年第2期22卷 217-224页

作者： U.K.Tomar g.singh N.Kaushik Forest genetics and Tree Breeding Division Arid Forest Research Institute Forest Ecology Division Arid Forest Research Institute Bioresources and Biotechnology Division TERIHabitat Place

Azadirachta indica seed samples were collected from four different agro-ecological regions（AERs） viz.,AER-2,AER-4,AER-5A and AER-5B of gujarat state,India during 2000 to 2002 with an aim to assess variability in azadirachtin,oil and fatty acids content of the seeds and assess correlation of these parameters with morphological ***,oil and fatty acids content indicated significant（p0.01） variations between years and AERs in *** azadirachtin ranged from 142 to 9 527 μg·g-1 seed kernel with an average of 2 426 μg·g-1 for the ***-5B recorded highest azadirachtin and oil *** acid composition was found to be affected by environmental factors particularly varying degree of annual rainfall and temperature during fruit ripening *** trees growing in AER-5B performed better in term of azadirachtin,oil and stearic acid *** girth at breast height showed no significant relation with these biochemicals.

关键词： agro-ecological zones fatty acids girth-class neem seed variability

Effects of rainwater harvesting on herbage diversity and productivity in degraded Aravalli hills in western India

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Journal of Forestry Research 2011年第3期22卷 329-340页

作者： g. singh g.R. Choadhary B. Ram N.K. Limba Division of Forest Ecology Arid Forest Research Institute New Pali Road Jodhpur-342005 India

Over-exploitation and rural growth have severely damaged native vegetations of Aravalli hills in Rajasthan, India. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different restoration practices （i.e., rainwater harvesting （RWH） and planting of tree seedlings） on improve- ment in soil water and nutrients and growth and biomass of herbaceous vegetation. Contour trench （CT）, gradonie （g）, Box trench （BT）, V-ditch （VD） and a control were imposed on 75 plots （each of 700 m 2 ） in natural slope gradient defined as 10%, 10% 20% and 20% slopes in 2005. Each plot had three micro-sites of 1-m 2 at up （USP）, middle （MSP） and lower （LSP） part of the plot for observation in 2008. The existed gradient （due to soil texture and topographic features） of soil pH, EC, SOC, NH 4 - N, NO 3 -N and PO 4 -P in June 2005 between 20% to 10% slopes were decreased in 2008 after applying RWH techniques. Such improvement in soil status promoted vegetation growth and biomass in higher slope gra- dients. Soil water, species diversity and herbage biomass increased from USP to LSP, and RWH techniques had positive role in improving SOC, nutrients, vegetation population, evenness and growth at MSP. Despite of lowest SWC, regular rain and greater soil water usage enhanced green and dry herbage biomasses in 10% 20% and 20% slopes, compared with 10% slope. The highest diversity in CT treatment was related to herbage biomass, which was enhanced further by highest concentrations of SOC and PO 4 -P. Further, CT treatment was found to be the best treat- ment in minimizing biomass variance in different slopes. Conclusively, soil texture and topographic features controlled soil water and nutrients availability. Rainwater harvesting techniques increased soil water storage and nutrient retention and also enhanced vegetation status and biomass by minimizing the effects of hillslopes. Thus depending upon the site conditions, suitable RWH technique could be adopted to increase herb- age biomass while rehabilit

关键词： herbage growth and biomass hillslopes soil nutrients soil water dynamics vegetation diversity

Performance analysis of cognitive radio networks using channel-prediction-probabilities and improved frame structure

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Digital Communications and Networks 2018年第4期4卷 287-295页

作者： Prabhat Thakur Alok Kumar S.Pandit g.singh S.N.Satashia Department of Electronics and Communication.Engineering Jaypee University of Information TechnologyWahnaghnt173215India Space Application Centre Indian Space Research OrgonizntionAbrnedobad380015India

This paper focuses on potential issues related to the random selection of a sensing channel that occurs after the prediction phase in a Cognitive Radio Network (CRN).A novel approach (Approach-l)for improved selection is proposed,which relies on the probabilities of channels by which they are predicted ***,closed-form expressions are derived for the throughput of Cognitive Users (CUs)in the conventional and proposed approaches. In addition to this,a fimdamental approach for computing the prediction probabilities is also ***, a new challenging issue named "sense and stuck"was observed in the conventional *** proposed approach is validated by comparing the results achieved with the results of the conventional ***, to achieve the prediction probabilities,the pre-channel-state-information is a prerequisite,but it may be unavailable for particular scenarios;therefore,a modified selection method is introduced to avoid the sense and stuck *** algorithm to evaluate the throughput using the random,improved,and modified selection methods is presented with its space and time ***,for additional improvement in the throughput of the CU,a new frame structure is introduced,in which the spectrum prediction and sensing periods are exploited for simultaneous transmission of data via the underlay spectrtun access technique (Approach-2).The simulated results of Approach-2 are compared with our pre-obtalned results of Approach-I,which confirm significant improvement in the throughput.

关键词： Cognitive radio Interweave Prediction Spectrum accessing Throughput Underlay

Effect of varying soil water stress regimes on nutrient uptake and biomass production in Dalbergia sissoo seedlings in Indian desert

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Journal of Forestry Research 2009年第4期20卷 307-313,I0004,I0005页

作者： g. singh Bilas singh Division of Forest Ecology Arid Forest Research Institute

One-year-old seedlings of Dalbergia sissoo from a single provenance were planted in non-weighing lysimeter tanks in July 1998 with a view to provide optimize irrigation parameters in desert areas. Varying water regimes were maintained by re-irrigating the seedlings at 36.2 mm （W1）, 26.5 mm （W2）, 20.2 mm （W3） and 18.1 mm （W4） treatments when the soil water content decreased to 7.56%, 5.79%, 4.44%, 3.23% in the respective treatments. Height, collar diameter, number of leaves and leaf area were highest （p 〈 0.01） for the seedlings irrigated at W1 levek Above-mentioned growth parameters did not differ between W1 and W2 treatments but the seedlings in W2 level had highest biomass per liter of water use （i.e., water use efficiency, WUE）. Irrigation levels of W3 to W5 negatively affected seedling growth, biomass production and nutrient accumulation. Soil water availability below W2 level （i.e., 5.79%） caused an increase in percentage of root biomass to the total biomass of the seedling. However, there was a decrease in percentage of leaf dry biomass in W3 and W4 treatments and in percentage of stem dry biomass in the seedlings of W5 treatment. Seedlings in W5 treatment survived till at soil water potential of-1.96 MPa. Limitation of soil water availability in W3 and W4 treatments affected growth and biomass production of D. sissoo seedlings. W： level was best for growth and biomass production in which water use efficiency was highest. Therefore, better growth and biomass production of D. sissoo seedlings could be obtained by irrigating the seedlings at soil water content of≥5.79% in the loamy sand soil.

关键词： arid region irrigation levels seedling survival: soil water content tree growth