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COVID-19 induced renal injury differs from that in other viral-infections

Emergency and Critical Care Medicine 2022年第1期2卷 23-31页

作者： Rachel S.Parise Manoj Govindarajulu sindhu ramesh Tony Thomas Timothy Moore Muralikrishnan Dhanasekaran Department of Drug Discovery and Development Auburn University Harrison School of PharmacyWalker BuildingAuburnAlabamaUSA Department of Mechanical Engineering Auburn UniversityAuburnAlabamaUSA

Background:Kidney injuries caused by several viral diseases have been reported worldwide among all age groups,races,and *** particular importance is coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),and its prevalence in communities infecting all patient populations with symptoms ranging from asymptomatic to severe,including complications and ***:Data were acquired from PubMed,Scopus,Google Scholar,Centers for Disease Prevention and Control(CDC),and Lexi-Comp using the following search terms:“COVID-19 and renal pathology,”“COVID-19 induced kidney disease,”“Viral infection induced kidney disease,”and“Viral infection induced renal damage.”Titles and abstracts were manually analyzed as per the exclusion and inclusion criteria of relevant articles;relevance of articles included studies on the pathology of a specific viral infection and the impact of the virus on the adult renal ***:The mechanisms for renal disease due to COVID-19 include direct renal tubular injury,cytokine storm,inflammation,thrombosis *** tubular necrosis,thrombotic events,and direct renal *** some mechanisms behind renal dysfunction among the studied viral infections are similar,the prevalence rates of kidney injury or damage *** might be described by recommended prophylactic and therapeutic approaches that can alter the viral infection characteristics and possibly the impact a particular organ ***:The patient population at risk was old in age and had a high body mass *** mechanisms associated with renal dysfunction are similar,including direct renal injury through angiotensin converting enzyme 2(ACE2)entry,inflammation,and *** renal pathology of coronaviruses that differs from that of other prevalent viral infections is the activation of cytokine storm,which causes elevations of a greater number and different kinds of cytokines than other viral infections.

关键词： COVID-19 Kidney damage Renal damage Renal pathology

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A scientific perspective of how and why Omicron is less severe than SARS-CoV-2

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Emergency and Critical Care Medicine 2023年第3期3卷 115-121页

作者： Rachel Parise sindhu ramesh Jun Ren Manoj Y.Govindarajulu Rishi M.Nadar Suhrud Pathak Timothy Moore Muralikrishnana Dhanasekaran Department of Drug Discovery and Development Harrison College of PharmacyAuburn UniversityAuburnALUSA Department of Cardiology Zhongshan Hospital Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology University of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA

Omicron is currently the dominant variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),the coronavirus responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)*** is associated with mild symptoms,although it can cause harmful effects in high-risk patient *** and COVID-19 affect multiple organ systems,including the respiratory system,gastrointestinal tract,cardiovascular system,central nervous system,ophthalmic system,genitourinary tract,and musculoskeletal ***-19 infects additional organ systems,including the hematological system,hepatobiliary system,renal system,and dermatologic *** viral-induced complications were compared to discuss the effects of Omicron versus the authentic SARS-CoV-2 virus,revealing less detrimental outcomes for ***,COVID-19 is more likely to infect older adults,males,and obesity with mild to severe *** causes mild symptoms in younger populations and overweight *** were acquired using PubMed,Centers for Disease Prevention and Control,and the World Health ***-19 and Omicron mechanisms causing organ system-related complications are likely because of the natural immune response to the active infection,the uncontrollable release of cytokines causing cytokine release syndrome,and direct viral damage through angiotensin-converting enzyme 2/transmembrane serine protease 2 receptor binding and entrance to the host cell for infection.

关键词： Complications Infection Inflammation Omicron SARS-CoV-2

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A clinically relevant combination treatment with doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide does not induce hepatotoxicity in C57BL/6J mice

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Liver Research 2021年第4期5卷 239-242页

作者： Satyanarayana R Pondugula Julia M Salamat Kodye L Abbott Patrick C Flannery Mohammed Majrashi Mohammed Almaghrabi Manoj Govindarajulu sindhu ramesh Maninder Sandey Suneel K Onterue Chen-Che J Huang Yoshimi Iwaki Kristina Gill Natasha Narayanan Edwin McElroy Darshini Desai Rishi Nadar Timothy Moore Muralikrishnan Dhanasekaran Department of Anatomy Physiology and PharmacologyCollege of Veterinary MedicineAuburn UniversityAuburnALUSA Department of Pharmacology Faculty of MedicineUniversity of JeddahJeddahSaudi Arabia Department of Drug Discovery and Development Harrison School of PharmacyAuburn UniversityAuburnALUSA Department of Pathobiology College of Veterinary MedicineAuburn UniversityAuburnALUSA Animal Biochemistry Division National Dairy Research InstituteICAR-National Dairy Research InstituteKarnalHaryanaIndia Department of Clinical Science College of Veterinary MedicineAuburn UniversityAuburnALUSA

Background and aims:Chronic exposure to chemotherapeutics can lead to severe adverse events including hepatotoxicity.A combination chemotherapy regimen of doxorubicin(DOX)and cyclophos-phamide(CPS)is employed in treatment of several cancers such as leukemia,lymphoma,and breast *** is not well understood whether a combination therapy with DOX and CPS can induce *** therefore sought to determine whether co-administration of DOX and CPS at their clini-cally relevant doses and frequency results in ***:Male C57BL/6J mice received one intraperitoneal injection of saline or DOX-2 mg/kg and CPS-50 mg/kg once a week for 4 *** the treatment period,liver histology and various serum bio-markers of hepatotoxicity were ***:Co-treatment with DOX and CPS did not alter the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase(ALT),alkaline phosphatase(ALP),bilirubin,albumin,globulin,or total ***,co-administration of DOX and CPS did not result in a noticeable change in liver ***,it was notable that the concomitant treatment with DOX and CPS resulted in a significant increase in serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase(AST).Elevated serum AST levels were also associated with increased serum creatinine kinase(CK)levels,suggesting that the elevated serum AST levels are likely due to muscle injury following the co-administration of DOX and ***:Taken together,our results,for the first time,suggest that co-administration of DOX and CPS,at their clinically relevant doses and frequency does not induce a significant hepatotoxicity in the mice.

关键词： Cyclophosphamide(CPS) Doxorubicin(DOX) Hepatotoxicity Liver injury Muscle injury

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Knowledge and attitude on childhood cancer survivorship among healthcare trainees:a multicentre study from India

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Family Medicine and Community Health 2024年第S2期12卷 34-43页

作者： Amritesh Grewal Bhavik Bansal Chetanya Mittal Hardik Gupta Archana Sasi Prasanth Ganesan Aashima Dabas Puneet Sahi Lakshmi Ramamoorthy Hmar Thiak Lalthanthuami Jaikumar Ramamoorthy Arwachi sindhu Suyash Arora Anumeha Bhukya Muthumani Hepzibah Kanchana Devi Karthick Krishnamurthy Sanjeet K Rai Nikhil Mehta Komal Antil Sameer Bakhshi Shuvadeep Ganguly Medical Student All India Institute of Medical SciencesNew DelhiDelhiIndia Department of Medical Oncology Dr.B.R.A.Institute Rotary Cancer HospitalAll India Institute of Medical SciencesNew DelhiDelhiIndia Department of Medical Oncology Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and ResearchPuducherryPuducherryIndia Department of Pediatrics Lok Nayak HospitalNew DelhiDelhiIndia Department of Pediatrics Maulana Azad Medical CollegeNew DelhiDelhiIndia College of Nursing Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and ResearchPuducherryPuducherryIndia Department of Pediatrics Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and ResearchPuducherryPuducherryIndia Medical Student Maulana Azad Medical CollegeNew DelhiDelhiIndia Department of Surgical Disciplines All India Institute of Medical SciencesNew DelhiDelhiIndia Department of Dermatology and Venereology All India Institute of Medical SciencesNew DelhiDelhiIndia College of Nursing All India Institute of Medical SciencesNew DelhiDelhiIndia

Background The proportion of childhood cancer survivors(CCS)in low/middle-income countries(LMICs)is *** often develop several physical and psycho-social long-term adverse effects,with unique healthcare *** healthcare providers(primary care physicians(PCPs)),especially in LMICs,are often not equipped to handle survivorship *** study aimed to assess knowledge,and attitude among trainee healthcare providers concerning major issues of paediatric survivorship *** A multi-centre,cross-sectional,questionnaire-based study was conducted among nursing and medical undergraduate students,and postgraduate medical residents across three tertiary-care teaching hospitals in India—All India Institute of Medical Sciences,New Delhi;Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research,Puducherry;and Maulana Azad Medical College,New Delhi.A questionnaire with total of 24 questions(14 knowledge-based and 10 attitude-based)was finalised after validation by expert review and *** major domains covered in the questionnaire included knowledge and attitude regarding long-term adverse effects and psychosocial,employment-related issues faced by the *** was administered to the study participants *** knowledge-based questions had true/false responses(scored as 0 or 1 if incorrect or correct,respectively).Attitude-based questions were scored as 5-point Likert *** Total 898 responses were collected(median age:21 years,64%(576/898)female).Among the respondents,44%were undergraduate medical students,42%were nursing students and 14%were postgraduate medical *** mean(SD)of knowledge score was 8.72(2.04)(out of 14).On multivariable analysis,only discipline of training predicted knowledge scores regarding survivorship *** medical residents(9.08)as well as undergraduate medical students(8.85),had significantly higher mean knowledge scores than nursing students(8.47)(p=0.004).Two questions were

关键词： centre handle false

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Flow of colloidal suspension and irreversibility analysis with aggregation kinematics of nanoparticles in a microchannel

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2020年第11期41卷 1671-1684页

作者： S.sindhu B.J.GIREESHA Department of Studies and Research in Mathematics Kuvempu UniversityShankaraghattaShivamogga 577451KarnatakaIndia

The current exploration focuses on the ethylene glycol(EG)based nanoliquid flow in a *** effectiveness of the internal heat source and linear radiation is reflected in the present *** estimation of suitable thermal conductivity model has affirmative impact on the convective heat transfer *** examination is conceded with the nanoparticle aggregation demonstrated by the Maxwell-Bruggeman and Krieger-Dougherty models which tackle the formation of *** models effectively describe the thermal conductivity and viscosity *** dimensionless mathematical expressions are solved numerically by the Runge Kutta Fehlberg approach.A higher thermal field is attained for the Bruggeman model due to the formation of thermal bridge.A second law analysis is carried out to predict the sources of irreversibility associated with the thermal *** is remarked that lesser entropy generation is obtained for the aggregation *** entropy generation rate declines with the slip flow and the thermal heat flux.A notable enhancement in the Bejan number is attained by increasing the Biot *** is established that the nanoparticle aggragation model exhibits a higher Bejan number in comparision with the usual flow model.

关键词： nanoparticle aggregation nanoliquid microchannel slip parameter heat flux

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Simulation of old open clusters for UVIT on ASTROSAT

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2015年第10期15卷 1647-1670页

作者： sindhu N Annapurni Subramaniam Anu Radha C School of Advanced Sciences VIT University Indian Institute of Astrophysics

The Ultra Violet Imaging Telescope （UVIT） is one of the payloads on the first Indian multiwavelength satellite ASTROSAT, which is expected to be launched by the Indian Space Research Organisation （ISRO） in the year 2015. We have per- formed simulations of UV studies of old open clusters for the UVIT. The colour mag- nitude diagrams （CMDs） and spatial appearances have been created using 10 filters associated with the FUV channel （130-180 nm） and NUV channel （200-300 nm） that are available for observations on the UVIT, for the three old open clusters M67, NGC 188 and NGC 6791. The CMDs are simulated for different filter combinations, and they are used to identify the loci of various evolutionary sequences, white dwarfs, blue stragglers, red giants, subgiants, turn off stars and the main sequence of the clus- ters. The present work helps in identifying a potential area of study in the case of these three old open clusters by considering the availability of filters and the detection limits of the instrument. We also recommend filter combinations, which can be used to detect and study the above mentioned evolutionary stages. The simulations and the results presented here are essential for the optimal use of the UVIT for studies of old open clusters.

关键词： (stars:) blue stragglers -- (stars:) Hertzsprung-Russell and C-M diagrams-- (stars:) white dwarfs -- (Galaxy:) open clusters and associations: individual (M67,NGC 188 NGC 6791) -- ultraviolet: stars

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Electric discharge phenomenon in dielectric and electrolyte medium

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Advances in Manufacturing 2018年第4期6卷 457-464页

作者： Mukesh Kumar sindhu Debasish Nandi Indrajit Basak Department of Mechanical Engineering. NIT Durgapur. Durgapur 713209. India Department of Mechanical Engineering JIS College of Engineering Kalyani 741235 India

Electric discharge is a common tool nowadays for machining of materials. It may be through a liquid medium or through air. Any metals, hard alloys, and nonmetals can be machined using the energy of electric discharge. In electric discharge machining (EDM), the discharge occurs between two electrodes through a liquid medium and it is applicable only for electrically con ducting materials and alloys. In electrochemical discharge machining (ECDM), the medium is an aqueous electrolyte and it is of two types. In the first type, the discharge occurs between two electrodes. One of the electrodes is the workpiece, and the other is the tool. In the second type, the discharge occurs between one electrode and an electrolyte. It is used for electrically nonconducting materials and the discharge energy is utilized maintaining the nonconducting workpiece in proximity of the discharge. All these electrical discharges are transient phenomena and do not result in a stable discharge in the form of arc. The output parameters depend on the discharge energy that requires precise control to maintain the accuracy of the machining. For micromachining, the control of the discharge is paramount both in terms of energy and pattern. Using various shaped tools, machining media with additives, different types of applied potentials, and supporting mechanical motions are some of the attempts made to improve the machining output. Optimization of these parameters for machining particular materials (or alloys) is a popular field of research. The present work is directed toward the investigation of discharge initiation and development by analyzing the cell current and discharge voltage relationship for both EDM and ECDM. The rectangular direct current (DC) pulse with different frequencies and the duty factor (on-off time ratio) are used for investigation. Observations on the voltage-current relationship are made for the external potential prior to discharge at discharge and above the discharge potenti

关键词： Electric discharge Electric discharge machining (EDM) Electrochemical discharge machining (ECDM) Pulsed direct current (DC) Duty factor

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Synthesis, spectroscopic characterization, and thermal decomposition kinetics of some lanthanide(III) nitrate complexes of 2-(N-o-hydroxyacetophenone) amino-3-carboxyethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[b]thiophene

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Journal of Rare Earths 2008年第4期26卷 463-468页

作者： K. Mohanan M. Thankamony B. sindhu Kumari Department of Chemistry University of Kerala Kariavattom Campus Trivandrum-695 581. Kerala India

Complexes of La（Ⅲ）, Ce（Ⅲ）, Pr（Ⅲ）, Nd（Ⅲ）, Sm（Ⅲ）, Eu（Ⅲ）, Gd（Ⅲ）, Dy（Ⅲ）, Yb（Ⅲ）, and Lu0ID with 2-（N-o- hydroxyacetophenone）amino-3-carboxyethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[b]thiophene （HAAT） formed by the condensation of o-hydroxyacetophenone and 2-amino-3-carboxyethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[b]thiophene were synthesized and characterized on the basis of elemental analyses, molar conductance measurements, magnetic susceptibility data, UV-Visible, IR, and NMR spectral studies. The spectral data revealed that the ligand acted as a neutral tridentate coordinating to the metal ion through ONO donor sequence. A coordination number nine was proposed for the complexes. Thermal decomposition studies of the ligand and lanthanum（Ⅲ） complex were carried out and kinetic parameters were calculated using Coats-Redfem equation. The decomposition reactions followed random nucleation mechanism with one nucleus on each particle.

关键词： lanthanides o-hydroxyacetophenone molar conductance magnetic susceptibility thermal study rare earths

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Microwave assisted synthesis, spectroscopic, thermal, and antifungal studies of some lanthanide(Ⅲ) complexes with a heterocyclic bishydrazone

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Journal of Rare Earths 2008年第1期26卷 16-21页

作者： K. Mohanan B. sindhu Kumari G. Rijulal Department of Chemistry University of Kerala

A bishydrazone formed by the condensation of isatinmonohydrazone and salicylaldehyde reacted with lanthanide（Ⅲ） chloride to form complexes of the type [Ln（HISA）2Cl3], where, Ln=La（Ⅲ）, Ce（Ⅲ）, Pr（Ⅲ）, Nd（Ⅲ）, Sm（Ⅲ）, Eu（Ⅲ）, or Gd（Ⅲ） and HISA= [（2-hydroxybenzaldehyde）-3-isatin]bishydrazone. Both reactions were carried out under microwave conditions. The ligand and the metal complexes were characterized on the basis of elemental analysis, molar conductance, magnetic susceptibility measurements, UV visible, infrared, far infrared, and proton NMR spectral data. The ligand acted as neutral tridentate, coordinating through the carbonyl oxygen, azomethine nitrogen, and phenolic oxygen without deprotonation. The ligand and lanthanum（Ⅲ） complex were subjected to X-ray diffraction studies. The X-ray diffraction pattern of ligand exhibited its crystalline nature and that of the lanthanum（Ⅲ） complex indicated its amorphous character. The thermal decomposition behaviour of the complex, [La（HISA）2Cl3], was examined in the temperature range of 40-800 ℃ using TG, DTG, and DTA. The ligand and the metal complexes were screened for their antifungal activities.

关键词： microwave synthesis bishydrazones lanthanum(Ⅲ) complex thermal decomposition antifungal activity rare earths

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Incorporation of liquid fillers into silicone foams to enhance the electro-mechanical properties

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International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials 2020年第1期11卷 11-23页

作者： Min Liu Liyun Yu sindhu Vudayagiri Anne Ladegaard Skov School of Materials Science and Engineering East China University of Science and TechnologyShanghaiChina Danish Polymer Centre Department of Chemical and Biochemical EngineeringTechnical University of DenmarkKongens LyngbyDenmark

Silicone foams with and without liquid fillers(silicone oils of various types and glycerol,respectively)are synthesized and analyzed to be used as dielectric layers in capacitive sensors.A simple fabrication technique involving only four components *** 184,glycerol,sodium hydroxide and ethanol is used to make these silicone foams after which they are filled with silicone oil or glycerol by soaking the foam in respective *** and dielectric properties of the foams are *** oil reinforces the foam’s dielectric properties,softens the foam and improves its capacitive response,making it a very good dielectric material for fabricating capacitive pressure *** to dry silicone foams,foams filled with-and swollen by-chloropropyl-functional silicone oil,show a low Young’smodulus(31 kPa),a high and stable relative dielectric permittivity of around 5,and a high capacitive response of 132%for an appliedpressureof 12 *** of oil stabilizes the soft foam and ensures that it does not buckle under high pressure.

关键词： Silicone foams electro-mechanical capacitive pressure sensors glycerol silicone oil chloropropyl-functional silicone oil

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