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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第21期18卷 2600-2608页

作者： Christian P Selinger Rupert WL Leong simon Lal Department of Gastroenterology Salford Royal HospitalSalford M6 8HD United Kingdom Gastroenterology and Liver Services Sydney Local Health Network Concord HospitalNSW 2139 Sydney Australia Faculty of medicine The University of New South WalesNSW 2052 Sydney Australia

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) affects women of childbearing age and can influence fertility, pregnancy and decisions regarding breastfeeding. Women with IBD need to consider the possible course of disease during pregnancy, the benefits and risks associated with medications required for disease management during pregnancy and breastfeeding and the effects of mode of delivery on their disease. When indicated, aminosalicylates and thiopurines can be safely used during pregnancy. Infliximab and Adalimumab are considered probably safe during the first two trimesters. During the third trimester the placenta can be crossed and caution should be applied. methotrexate is associated with severe teratogenicity due to its folate antagonism and is strictly contraindicated. Women with IBD tend to deliver earlier than healthy women, but can have a vaginal delivery in most cases. Caesarean sections are generally recommended for women with active perianal disease or after ileo-anal pouch surgery. While the impact of disease activity and medication has been addressed in several studies, there are minimal studies evaluating patients' perspective on these issues. Women's attitudes may influence their decision to have children and can positively or negatively influence the chance of conceiving, and their beliefs regarding therapies may impact on the course of their disease during pregnancy and/or breastfeeding. This review article outlines the impact of IBD and its treatment on pregnancy, and examines the available data on patients' views on this subject.

关键词： Pregnancy Breast-feeding Nursing Inflammatory bowel disease Crohn’s disease Ulcerative colitis

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A survey on distributed compressed sensing： theory and applications

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Frontiers of Computer Science 2014年第6期8卷 893-904页

作者： Hongpeng YIN Jinxing LI Yi CHAI simon X. YANG College of Automation Chongqing University Chongqing 400030 China Key Laboratory of Dependable Service Computing in Cyber Physical Society of ministry of Education Chongqing 400030 China State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment and System Security and New Technology Chongqing 400030 China School of Engineering University of Guelph Guelph N1G 2W1 Canada

The compressed sensing （CS） theory makes sample rate relate to signal structure and content. CS samples and compresses the signal with far below Nyquist sampling frequency simultaneously. However, CS only considers the intra-signal correlations, without taking the correlations of the multi-signals into account. Distributed compressed sensing （DCS） is an extension of CS that takes advantage of both the inter- and intra-signal correlations, which is wildly used as a powerful method for the multi-signals sensing and compression in many fields. In this paper, the characteristics and related works of DCS are reviewed. The framework of DCS is introduced. As DCS＇s main portions, sparse representation, measurement matrix selection, and joint reconstruction are classified and summarized. The applications of DCS are also categorized and discussed. Finally, the conclusion remarks and the further research works are provided.

关键词： compressed sensing distributed compressed sensing sparse representation measurement matrix joint reconstruction joint sparsity model

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measurement of electrical charges carried by airborne bacteria laboratory-generated using a single-pass bubbling aerosolizer

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Particuology 2015年第1期13卷 179-185页

作者： Xavier simon Sébastien Bau Denis Bémer Philippe Duquenne Institut National de Recherche et de Securite(INRS)

Widely used bioaerosol generators like Collison nebulizer probably produce electrostatically charged par- ticles, but the electrical charges carried by laboratory-generated airborne microorganisms using bubbling aerosolizers are poorly understood. In this study, we measured the fraction of neutral particles and num- ber of elementary charges per particle as a function of the aerodynamic diameter of airborne bacteria （Escherichia coli and Enterococcus hirae）. Bioaerosols were produced by a liquid sparging aerosolizer-type bubbling generator, with particle sizes ranging from roughly 0.6 to 2 p^m. The experimental setup included an electrostatic precipitator and real-time devices including an electrometer, aerodynamic particle sizer, and electrical low-pressure impactor. Experimental results obtained for various operating conditions showed that aerosols produced with a higher bubbling airflow contained a larger proportion of neutral particles （from around 30% to 50%） and that bacteria carried a greater average absolute number of elementary charges （from around -10 to -60 elementary units） than those under lower airflow. Under the investigated conditions, a neutralization step is unnecessary because it may have a negative effect on the viability of sensitive microorganisms. Our results suggest that the neutral fraction can be used down- stream of an electrostatic precipitator, and that this setup may have advantages over bipolar neutralizers.

关键词： Bubbling generator Bioaerosol Electrical charge Electrostatic precipitator Escherichia coil Enterococcus hirae

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Decoding earth’s plate tectonic history using sparse geochemical data

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Geoscience Frontiers 2020年第1期11卷 265-276页

作者： michael G.Tetley Zheng-Xiang Li Kara J.matthews simon E.Williams R.Dietmar müller EarthByte Group School of GeosciencesUniversity of SydneyNSWAustralia Seismological Laboratory California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA Data61 CSIROAustralian Technology ParkNSWAustralia Earth Dynamics Research Group The Institute for Geoscience Research(TIGeR)School of Earth and Planetary SciencesCurtin University of TechnologyGPO Box U1987PerthWA 6845Australia

Accurately mapping plate boundary types and locations through time is essential for understanding the evolution of the plate-mantle system and the exchange of material between the solid Earth and surface ***,the complexity of the Earth system and the cryptic nature of the geological record make it difficult to discriminate tectonic environments through deep *** we present a new method for identifying tectonic paleo-environments on Earth through a data mining approach using global geochemical *** first fingerprint a variety of present-day tectonic environments utilising up to 136 geochemical data attributes in any available combination.A total of 38301 geochemical analyses from basalts aged from 5-0 ma together with a well-established plate reconstruction model are used to construct a suite of discriminatory models for the first order tectonic environments of subduction and mid-ocean ridge as distinct from intraplate hotspot oceanic environments,identifying 41,35,and 39 key discriminatory geochemical attributes,*** training and validation,our model is applied to a global geochemical database of 1547 basalt samples of unknown tectonic origin aged between 1000-410 ma,a relatively ill-constrained period of Earth’s evolution following the breakup of the Rodinia supercontinent,producing 56 unique global tectonic environment predictions throughout the Neoproterozoic and Early *** are used to discriminate between three alternative published Rodinia configuration models,identifying the model demonstrating the closest spatio-temporal consistency with the basalt record,and emphasizing the importance of integrating geochemical data into plate *** approach offers an extensible framework for constructing full-plate,deeptime reconstructions capable of assimilating a broad range of geochemical and geological observations,enabling next generation Earth system models.

关键词： Plate tectonics Geochemistry Geodynamics Supercontinents Rodinia Big data

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A simple,azulene-based colorimetric probe for the detection of nitrite in water

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2020年第1期14卷 90-96,F0004页

作者： Lloyd C.murfin Carlos m.Lopez-Alled Adam C.Sedgwick Jannis Wenk Tony D.James simon E.Lewis Department of Chemistry University of BathBath BA27AYUK Centre for Sustainable Chemical Technologies University of BathBath BA27AYUK Department of Chemical Engineering and Water Innovation and Research Centre(WIRC@Bath) University of BathBath BA27AYUK

We describe the synthesis and evaluation of an azulene-based chemodosimeter for *** probe was found to undergo two distinct color changes upon introduction of aqueous nitrite ion.A near-instant formation of a grey color provides a qualitative indication of the presence of nitrite,followed by the formation of a deep-yellow/orange color,the endpoint from which quantitative data can be *** azulene probe exhibits 1:1 stoichiometry of reaction with nitrite in water,and is selective for nitrite over other *** azulene probe was applied to determine nitrite content in cured meat,and compared with the British Standard testing procedure(Griess test).The value obtained from the azulene-based probe agreed closely with the standard *** procedure only requires the preparation of one standard solution,instead of the three required for the standard Griess test.

关键词： azulene nitrite diazoquinone

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The GATK joint genotyping workflow is appropriate for calling variants in RNA-seq experiments

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2019年第3期10卷 811-816页

作者： Jean-simon Brouard Flavio Schenkel Andrew marete Nathalie Bissonnette Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre Agriculture and Agri-Food CanadaSherbrookeQC J1M 0C8Canada Center of Genetic Improvement of Livestock University of GuelphGuelphON N1G 2W1Canada

The Genome Analysis Toolkit(GATK) is a popular set of programs for discovering and genotyping variants from next-generation sequencing *** current GATK recommendation for RNA sequencing(RNA-seq) is to perform variant calling from individual samples,with the drawback that only variable positions are *** 3.0 and above of GATK offer the possibility of calling DNA variants on cohorts of samples using the HaplotypeCaller algorithm in Genomic Variant Call Format(GVCF) *** this approach,variants are called individually on each sample,generating one GVCF file per sample that lists genotype likelihoods and their genome *** a second step,variants are called from the GVCF files through a joint genotyping *** strategy is more flexible and reduces computational challenges in comparison to the traditional joint discovery *** a GVCF workflow for mining SNP in RNA-seq data provides substantial advantages,including reporting homozygous genotypes for the reference allele as well as missing *** advantage of RNA-seq data derived from primary macrophages isolated from 50 cows,the GATK joint genotyping method for calling variants on RNA-seq data was validated by comparing this approach to a so-called "per-sample" *** addition,pair-wise comparisons of the two methods were performed to evaluate their respective sensitivity,precision and accuracy using DNA genotypes from a companion study including the same 50 cows genotyped using either genotyping-by-sequencing or with the Bovine SNP50 Beadchip(imputed to the Bovine high density).Results indicate that both approaches are very close in their capacity of detecting reference variants and that the joint genotyping method is more sensitive than the per-sample *** that the joint genotyping method is more flexible and technically easier,we recommend this approach for variant calling in RNA-seq experiments.

关键词： GATK GVCF Joint genotyping RNA-seq SNP

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management of occluded self-expanding biliary metal stents in malignant biliary disease

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2018年第1期17卷 49-54页

作者： simon Nennstiel Isolde Tschurtschenthaler Bruno Neu Hana Algül monther Bajbouj Roland m. Schmid Stefan von Delius Andreas Weber Klinik und Poliklinik fur Innere medizin Ⅱ Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universitar Manchen Ismaninger Straβe 22 Munich 81675 Germany medizinische Klinik II Krankenhaus Landshut-Achdorf Academic Teaching Hospital Technische Universitar Munchen Achdorferweg 3 Landshut 84036Germany

Background: Occlusion of self-expanding metal stents(SEmS) in malignant biliary obstruction occurs in up to 40% of patients. This study aimed to compare the different techniques to resolve stent occlusion in our collective of ***: Patients with malignant biliary obstruction and occlusion of biliary metal stent at a tertiary referral endoscopic center were retrospectively identified between April 1, 1994 and may 31, 2014. The clinical records were further analyzed regarding the characteristics of patients, malignant strictures, SEmS,management strategies, stent patency, subsequent interventions, survival time and case ***: A total of 108 patients with biliary metal stent occlusion were identified. Seventy-nine of these patients were eligible for further analysis. Favored management was plastic stent insertion in 73.4% patients. Second SEmS were inserted in 12.7% patients. Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage and mechanical cleansing were conducted in a minority of patients. Further analysis showed no statistically significant difference in median overall secondary stent patency(88 vs. 143 days, P = 0.069), median survival time(95 vs. 192 days, P = 0.116), median subsequent intervention rate(53.4% vs. 40.0%, P = 0.501)and median case charge(€5145 vs. €3473, P = 0.803) for the treatment with a second metal stent insertion compared to plastic stent insertion. In patients with survival time of more than three months,significantly more patients treated with plastic stents needed re-interventions than patients treated with second SEmS(93.3% vs. 57.1%, P = 0.037).Conclusions: In malignant biliary strictures, both plastic and metal stent insertions are feasible strategies for the treatment of occluded SEmS. Our data suggest that in palliative biliary stenting, patients especially those with longer expected survival might benefit from second SEmS insertion. Careful patient selection is important to ensure a proper decision for either management

关键词： Self-expanding metal stents Biliary tract neoplasms Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography Biliary tract diseases Complications

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Weave geometry generation avoiding interferences for mesoscale RVEs

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Journal of materials Science & Technology 2019年第12期35卷 2869-2882页

作者： Daniel Höwer Shengkai Yu Trenton m.Ricks Brett A.Bednarcyk Evan J.Pineda Bertram Stier Stefanie Reese Jaan-Willem simon Institute of Applied mechanics RWTH Aachen University52074 AachenGermany NASA Glenn Research Center ClevelandOH 44135USA Collier Research and Development Corporation Newport NewsVA 23606USA

An algorithm which allows the generation of representative volume elements(RVEs) for complex woven and warp-interlaced fiber-reinforced composite topologies while avoiding unphysical tow intersections is presented. This is achieved by extending an existing RVE generation strategy in two significant ways:(1) the local cross section shape of the tow is adjusted depending on the local tow curvature in a way that preserves the cross sectional area of the tow, and(2) the elementary crimp interval is separated into a planar and a transition region. The modifications facilitate the generation of a wide range of elaborate textile topologies without tow intersections, which are present without the proposed modifications unless complex tow to tow contact models are introduced. The mechanical properties of plain weaves were predicted based on the topology generated with the proposed algorithm as well as based on RVEs which were constructed based on actual micrographs, i.e. a "digital twin" of the actual microstructure. A comparison of the predicted mechanical properties based on finite element and multiscale Generalized method of Cells techniques shows close agreement. However, some differences exist with respect to experimentally determined material parameters due to the finite dimensions of the specimens. Lastly,mechanical properties of multilayered weaves are predicted with the finite element method. The considered material systems are carbon fiber in epoxy matrix as well as C/C-SiC. However, the procedure is applicable to a wide range of material systems.

关键词： RVE generation multiscale analysis Composites

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meso-Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the Talas-Fergana region of the Kyrgyz Tien Shan revealed by low-temperature basement and detrital thermochronology

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Geoscience Frontiers 2018年第5期9卷 1495-1514页

作者： simon Nachtergaele Elien De Pelsmaeker Stijn Glorie Fedor Zhimulev marc Jolivet martin Danisík mikhail m.Buslov Johan De Grave Laboratory for mineralogy and Petrology Department of GeologyGhent UniversityGhentBelgium Tectonics Resources and Exploration(TraX)Department of Earth SciencesUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideAustralia Institute of Geology&mineralogy Siberian BranchRussian Academy of SciencesNovosibirskRussia Universitéde Rennes 1 Laboratoire Géosciences RennesUMR 6118 CNRSRennesFrance John de Laeter Centre Applied GeologyTIGeRCurtin UniversityPerth6846Australia

This study provides new low-temperature thermochronometric data, mainly apatite fission track data on the basement rocks in and adjacent to the Talas-Fergana Fault, in the Kyrgyz Tien Shan in the first *** the second place, we also present new detrital apatite fission track data on the meso-Cenozoic sediments from fault related basins and surrounding intramontane basins. Our results confirm multistaged meso-Cenozoic tectonic activity, possibly induced by the accretion of the so-called Cimmerian blocks to the Eurasian margin. New evidence for this multi-staged thermo-tectonic activity is found in the data of both basement and meso-Cenozoic sediment samples in or close to the Talas-Fergana ***(U-Th)/He and apatite fission track data constrain rapid Late TriassiceE arly Jurassic and Late JurassiceE arly Cretaceous basement cooling in the Kyrgyz Tien Shan around 200 ma and 130 -100 ma respectively. Detrital apatite fission track results indicate a different burial history on both sides of the Talas-Fergana Fault. The apatite fission track system of the Jurassic sediments in the middle Tien Shan unit east of the Talas-Fergana Fault is not reset, while the Jurassic sediments in the Fergana Basin and Yarkand-Fergana Basin, west of the fault zone, are partially and in some cases even totally reset. The totally reset samples exhibit Oligocene and miocene ages and evidence the Cenozoic reactivation of the western Kyrgyz Tien Shan as a consequence of the India-Eurasia convergence.

关键词： Tian Shan Central Asian Orogenic Belt Thermal history modelling Apatite fission track dating Zircon(U-Th)/He dating

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Creeper:a tool for detecting permission creep in file system access controls

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Cybersecurity 2019年第1期2卷 239-252页

作者： simon Parkinson Saad Khan James Bray Daiyaan Shreef Department of Computer Science School of Computing and EngineeringUniversity of HuddersfieldQueensgateHD13DHHuddersfieldUK

Access control mechanisms are widely used in multi-user IT systems where it is necessary to restrict access to computing *** is certainly true of file systems whereby information needs to be protected against unintended *** permissions often evolve over time,and changes are often made in an ad hoc manner and do not follow any rigorous *** is largely due to the fact that the structure of the implemented permissions are often determined by experts during initial system configuration and documentation is rarely ***,permissions are often not audited due to the volume of information,the requirement of expert knowledge,and the time required to perform manual *** paper presents a novel,unsupervised technique whereby a statistical analysis technique is developed and applied to detect instances of permission *** system(herein refereed to as Creeper)has initially been developed for microsoft systems;however,it is easily extensible and can be applied to other access control *** analysis has demonstrated good performance and applicability on synthetic file system permissions with an average accuracy of 96%.Empirical analysis is subsequently performed on five real-world systems where an average accuracy of 98%is established.

关键词： Permission creep Access control Auditing χ^2 statistics

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