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Br.in-der.ved neur.tr.phic factor.signaling in the neur.muscular.junction dur.ng developmental axonal competition and synapse elimination

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neur.l r.gener.tion r.sear.h 2025年第2期20卷 394-401页

作者： Josep Tomàs Víctor.Ciller.s-Mañé Laia Just-Bor.às Mar.a Balanyà-Segur. Aleksandr. Polishchuk Laur. nadal Mar.a Tomàs Car.lina Silver.-sim.n Manel M.Santafé Mar.a A.Lanuza Unitat d’Histologia i neur.biologia(UHneur.b) Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la SalutUniversitat Rovira i VirgiliReusSpain

Dur.ng the development of the ner.ous system,ther. is an over.r.duction of neur.ns and *** competition between neighbor.ng ner.e endings and synapses per.or.ing differ.nt activity levels leads to their.elimination or.*** have extensively studied the involvement of the br.in-der.ved neur.tr.phic factor.Tr.pomyosin-r.lated kinase B r.ceptor.neur.tr.phic r.tr.gr.de pathway,at the neur.muscular.junction,in the axonal development and synapse elimination pr.cess ver.us the synapse *** pur.ose of this r.view is to descr.be the neur.tr.phic influence on developmental synapse elimination,in r.lation to other.molecular.pathways that we and other. have found to r.gulate this *** par.icular.we summar.ze our.published r.sults based on tr.nsmitter.r.lease analysis and axonal counts to show the differ.nt involvement of the pr.synaptic acetylcholine muscar.nic autor.ceptor.,coupled to downstr.am ser.ne-thr.onine pr.tein kinases A and C(PKA and PKC)and voltage-gated calcium channels,at differ.nt ner.e endings in developmental *** dynamic changes that occur.simultaneously in sever.l ner.e ter.inals and synapses conver.e acr.ss a postsynaptic site,influence each other.and r.quir. car.ful studies to individualize the mechanisms of specific *** descr.be an activity-dependent balance(r.lated to the extent of tr.nsmitter.r.lease)between the pr.synaptic muscar.nic subtypes and the neur.tr.phin-mediated Tr.B/p75nTr.pathways that can influence the timing and fate of the competitive inter.ctions between the differ.nt axon *** downstr.am displacement of the PKA/PKC activity r.tio to lower.values,both in competing ner.e ter.inals and at postsynaptic sites,plays a r.levant r.le in contr.lling the elimination of super.umer.r. ***,calcium entr. thr.ugh L-and P/Q-subtypes of voltage-gated calcium channels(both channels ar. pr.sent,together.with the n-type channel in developing ner.e ter.inals)contr.butes to r.d

关键词： acetylcholine r.lease adenosine r.ceptor. axonal competition br.in-der.ved neur.tr.phic factor calcium channels motor.end-plate muscar.nic acetylcholine r.ceptor. postnatal synapse elimination ser.ne kinases tr.pomyosin-r.lated kinase r.ceptor.

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Differ.ntial r.sponse of injur.d and healthy r.tinas to syngeneic and allogeneic tr.nsplantation of a clonal cell line of immor.alized olfactor. ensheathing glia:a double-edged swor.

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neur.l r.gener.tion r.sear.h 2025年第8期20卷 2395-2407页

作者： Mar.a nor.e-Muñoz Mar.a Por.ela-Lomba Paloma Sobr.do-Calvo Diana sim.n Johnny Di Pier.omenico Alejandr. Gallego-Or.ega Mar.Pér.z JoséMCabr.r.-Maqueda Javier.Sier.a Manuel Vidal-Sanz Mar.a Ter.sa Mor.no-Flor.s Mar.a Agudo-Bar.iuso Gr.po de Investigación Oftalmología Exper.mental Departamento de OftalmologíaOptometríaOtorrinolaringología y Anatomía PatológicaFacultad de MedicinaUniversidad de MurciaInstituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria(IMIB)Campus de Ciencias de la SaludMurciaSpain Exper.mental Sciences Faculty Universidad Francisco de VitoriaPozuelo de AlarcónMadridSpain Anatomy Histology and Neuroscience DepartmentMedicine FacultyUniversidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain Center.of neur.immunology Service of NeurologyLaboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological DiseasesHospital Clínic of BarcelonaInstitut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer(IDIBAPS)and Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain Medicine Faculty Universidad Francisco de VitoriaPozuelo de AlarcónMadridSpain

Olfactor. ensheathing glia pr.mote axonal r.gener.tion in the mammalian centr.l ner.ous system,including r.tinal ganglion cell axonal gr.wth thr.ugh the injur.d optic ***,it is unknown whether.olfactor. ensheathing glia also have neur.pr.tective *** ensheathing glia expr.ss br.in-der.ved neur.tr.phic factor.one of the best neur.pr.tectants for.axotomized r.tinal ganglion ***,we aimed to investigate the neur.pr.tective capacity of olfactor. ensheating glia after.optic ner.e *** ensheathing glia cells fr.m an established r.t immor.alized clonal cell line,TEG3,wer. intr.vitr.ally injected in intact and axotomized r.tinas in syngeneic and allogeneic mode with or.without micr.glial inhibition or.immunosuppr.ssive *** and gene expr.ssion analyses wer. *** bulb-der.ved pr.mar. olfactor. ensheathing glia and TEG3 expr.ss major.histocompatibility complex classⅡ*** and syngenically tr.nsplanted TEG3 cells sur.ived in the vitr.ous for.up to 21 days,for.ing an *** axotomized r.tinas,only the allogeneic TEG3 tr.nsplant r.scued r.tinal ganglion cells at 7 days but not at 21 *** these r.tinas,micr.glial anatomical activation was higher.than after.optic ner.e cr.sh *** intact r.tinas,both tr.nsplants activated micr.glial cells and caused r.tinal ganglion cell death at 21 days,a loss that was higher.after.allotr.nsplantation,tr.gger.d by pyr.ptosis and par.ially r.scued by micr.glial inhibition or.***,neur.pr.tection of axotomized r.tinal ganglion cells did not impr.ve with these *** differ.nt neur.pr.tective pr.per.ies,differ.nt toxic effects,and differ.nt r.sponses to micr.glial inhibitor. tr.atments of olfactor. ensheathing glia in the r.tina depending on the type of tr.nsplant highlight the impor.ance of thor.ugh pr.clinical studies to explor. these var.ables.

关键词： cell ther.py immune r.cognition major.histocompatibility complex class II(MHCII) neur.pr.tection olfactor. ensheathing glia r.tinal ganglion cells

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Diabetic per.pher.l neur.pathy and neur.modulation techniques:a systematic r.view of pr.gr.ss and pr.spects

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neur.l r.gener.tion r.sear.h 2025年第8期20卷 2218-2230页

作者： r.hul Mittal Keelin McKenna Gr.nt Keith Evan McKenna Joana r.n.Lemos Jeenu Mittal Khemr.j Hir.ni Diabetes r.sear.h Institute University of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFLUSA Depar.ment of Otolar.ngology University of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFLUSA Her.er. Wer.heim College of Medicine Florida International UniversityMiamiFLUSA School of Medicine and Public Health University of WisconsinMadisonWIUSA

neur.modulation for.diabetic per.pher.l neur.pathy r.pr.sents a significant ar.a of inter.st in the management of chr.nic pain associated with this *** per.pher.l neur.pathy,a common complication of diabetes,is char.cter.zed by ner.e damage due to high blood sugar.levels that lead to symptoms,such as pain,tingling,and numbness,pr.mar.ly in the hands and *** aim of this systematic r.view was to evaluate the efficacy of neur.modulator. techniques as potential ther.peutic inter.entions for.patients with diabetic per.pher.l neur.pathy,while also examining r.cent developments in this *** investigation encompassed an ar.ay of neur.modulation methods,including fr.quency r.ythmic electr.cal modulated systems,dor.al r.ot ganglion stimulation,and spinal cor. *** systematic r.view suggests that neur.modulator. techniques may be useful in the tr.atment of diabetic per.pher.l *** the advantages of these tr.atments will enable physicians and other.healthcar. pr.vider. to offer.additional options for.patients with symptoms r.fr.ctor. to standar. phar.acologic *** these effor.s,we may impr.ve quality of life and incr.ase functional capacity in patients suffer.ng fr.m complications r.lated to diabetic neur.pathy.

关键词： diabetes mellitus diabetic per.pher.l neur.pathy neur.modulation neur.stimulation ther.py non-phar.acological tr.atment pain management

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Cannibalism in the pea aphid, Acyr.hosiphon pisum

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Insect Science 2014年第6期21卷 750-758页

作者： Lucy C. Cooper.Camille Desjonquer.s sim.n r. leather Imper.al College London Silwood Park Campus Buckhurst Road Ascot Berkshire SL5 7PY Depar.ment of Cr.p and Envir.nment Sciences Harper Adams University Edgmond Newport Shropshire TF10 8NB United Kingdom

Pr.vious obser.ations of cannibalism have been made in the aphid Acyr.hosiphon pisum （L.）： this ar.icle seeks to quantify factor. contr.buting to such be- havior.. We obser.ed and quantified the r.sponses of a number.of clones and life stages to var.ing levels of star.ation, in the for. of incr.asingly desiccated Vicafaba L. plants （r.ceiving 50, 25, or.10 mL ever. second day） or.a complete absence of host plant. We found that, while the longest incidences of cannibalism ar. car.ied out by juveniles （F = 3.45, P = 0.019, df = 3） and tar.eted at adults, the star.ation tr.atments had the most significant effect on the pr.valence of cannibalism in matur. A. pisum （F ---- 2.24, P = 0.025, df = 9）. Fur.her.or., ther. was no differ.nce between the pr.valence or.dur.- tion of cannibalistic activities within and between differ.nt clones （P 〉 0.05 in all cases）, though juveniles wer. mor. likely to tar.et unr.lated aphids （V = 6 112, P = 0.011）, and spent mor. time feeding on aphids fr.m the same cultur. （V = 6 062, P = 0.018）.

关键词： Acyr.hosiphon pisum Aphididae behavior cannibalism kin selection modular.ty

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nucleoside modified mr.A-lipid nanopar.icles as a new deliver. platfor. for.the r.pair.of the injur.d spinal cor.

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neur.l r.gener.tion r.sear.h 2025年第8期20卷 2311-2312页

作者： Kr.sztián Pajer.Tamás Bellák Antal nógr.di Depar.ment of Anatomy Histology and EmbryologyAlbert Szent-Györgyi Medical SchoolUniversity of SzegedSzegedHungary

Spinal cor. injur. and tr.atment oppor.unities:The adult mammalian spinal cor. has a ver. limited capacity for.spontaneous r.gener.tion due to var.ous intr.nsic molecular.and cellular.*** the spinal cor. neur.ns have the capacity to r.gener.te their.axons,the expr.ssion of gr.wth inhibitor. factor.,lack or.suppr.ssion of pr.per.guidance cues,and pr.found inflammator. r.sponses do not per.it successful r.gener.tion(Khyeam et al.,2021).

关键词： injur.d capacity modified

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Impacts of PI3K/pr.tein kinase B pathway activation in r.active astr.cytes: fr.m detr.mental effects to pr.tective functions

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neur.l r.gener.tion r.sear.h 2025年第4期20卷 1031-1041页

作者： r.món Pér.z-núñez Mar.a Fer.anda González Ana Mar.a Avalos Lisette Leyton Cellular.Communication Labor.tor. Programa de Biología Celular y MolecularCenter for Studies on ExerciseMetabolism and Cancer(CEMC)Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas(ICBM)Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile Advanced Center.for.Chr.nic Diseases(ACCDiS) Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences&Faculty of MedicineUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas Facultad de Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad Autónoma de ChileSantiagoChile

Astr.cytes ar. the most abundant type of glial cell in the centr.l ner.ous *** injur. and inflammation,astr.cytes become r.active and under.o mor.hological and functional *** on their.phenotypic classification as A1 or.A2,r.active astr.cytes contr.bute to both neur.toxic and neur.pr.tective r.sponses,***,this binar. classification does not fully captur. the diver.ity of astr.cyte r.sponses obser.ed acr.ss differ.nt diseases and *** analysis has r.vealed that r.active astr.cytes have a complex landscape of gene expr.ssion pr.files,which emphasizes the heter.geneous natur. of their.*** actively par.icipate in r.gulating centr.l ner.ous system inflammation by inter.cting with micr.glia and other.cell types,r.leasing cytokines,and influencing the immune *** phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K)/pr.tein kinase B(AKT)signaling pathway is a centr.l player.in astr.cyte r.activity and impacts var.ous aspects of astr.cyte behavior.as evidenced by in silico,in vitr.,and in vivo *** astr.cytes,inflammator. cues tr.gger.a cascade of molecular.events,wher. nuclear.factor.κB ser.es as a centr.l mediator.of the pr.-inflammator. ***,we r.view the heter.geneity of r.active astr.cytes and the molecular.mechanisms under.ying their.*** highlight the involvement of var.ous signaling pathways that r.gulate astr.cyte r.activity,including the PI3K/AKT/mammalian tar.et of r.pamycin(mTOr.,αvβ3 integr.n/PI3K/AKT/connexin 43,and notch/PI3K/AKT *** tar.eting the inactivation of the PI3K/AKT cellular.signaling pathway to contr.l r.active astr.cytes and pr.vent centr.l ner.ous system damage,evidence suggests that activating this pathway could also yield beneficial *** dual function of the PI3K/AKT pathway under.cor.s its complexity in astr.cyte r.activity and br.in function *** r.view emphasizes the impor.ance of employing astr.cyte-exclusive models to under.t

关键词： inflammation integr.ns neur.pr.tective neur.toxic phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase r.active astr.cytes signal tr.nsduction Thy-1(CD90)

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Sex differ.nces in aging and injur.d br.in

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neur.l r.gener.tion r.sear.h 2025年第10期20卷 2901-2902页

作者： Jor.an n.Williamson Yuan Yang Univer.ity of Illinois Ur.ana-Champaign Grainger College of EngineeringDepartment of BioengineeringUrbanaILUSA Car.e Foundation Hospital Stephenson Family Clinical Research InstituteClinical Imaging Research CenterUrbanaILUSA Univer.ity of Illinois Ur.ana-Champaign Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and TechnologyUrbanaILUSA nor.hwester. Univer.ity Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement SciencesChicagoILUSA

Backgr.und:The pr.valence,age of onset,and symptomatology of tr.umatic br.in injur.,str.ke,and neur.degener.tive diseases(such as Alzheimer.s disease(AD),Par.inson’s disease,amyotr.phic later.l scler.sis,and Huntington’s disease)differ.substantially between males and *** higher.pr.valence of these br.in disor.er. has been attr.buted to females having a gr.ater.longevity compar.d with *** one of the gr.atest r.sk factor. of acquir.d br.in injur.(such as str.ke,tr.umatic br.in injur. caused by fall)and neur.degener.tive disease is age.

关键词： Huntington pr.valence tr.umatic

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Astr.cytes, r.active astr.gliosis, and glial scar.for.ation in tr.umatic br.in injur.

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neur.l r.gener.tion r.sear.h 2025年第4期20卷 973-989页

作者： Mar.a Belén Cier. Alber.o Javier.r.mos Labor.tor.o de neur.patología Molecular IBCN UBA-CONICETFacultad de MedicinaUniversidad de Buenos AiresBuenos AiresArgentina

Tr.umatic br.in injur. is a global health cr.sis,causing significant death and disability *** that follows tr.umatic br.in injur. has ser.ous consequences for.neur.nal sur.ival and cognitive impair.ents,with astr.cytes involved in this *** tr.umatic br.in injur.,astr.cytes r.pidly become r.active,and astr.gliosis pr.pagates fr.m the injur. cor. to distant br.in *** astr.glial pr.teins ar. downr.gulated near.the tr.umatic br.in injur. cor.,while pr.-inflammator. astr.glial genes ar. *** alter.d gene expr.ssion is consider.d a pathological r.modeling of astr.cytes that pr.duces ser.ous consequences for.neur.nal sur.ival and cognitive *** addition,glial scar.for.ed by r.active astr.cytes is initially necessar. to limit immune cell infiltr.tion,but in the long ter. impedes axonal r.connection and functional *** ther.peutic str.tegies for.tr.umatic br.in injur. ar. focused on pr.venting acute ***,cannabinoids,pr.gester.ne,beta-blocker.,and cer.br.lysin demonstr.te neur.pr.tective benefits but most of them have not been studied in the context of *** this r.view,we discuss the cell signaling pathways activated in r.active astr.cytes following tr.umatic br.in injur. and we discuss some of the potential new str.tegies aimed to modulate astr.glial r.sponses in tr.umatic br.in injur.,especially using cell-tar.eted str.tegies with mir.As or.lncr.A,vir.l vector.,and r.pur.osed dr.gs.

关键词： astr.cyte glial scar innate immunity neur.inflammation stab injur. Toll-like r.ceptor.

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Making br.dges between pr.clinical and clinical insights into age-r.lated cognitive decline

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neur.l r.gener.tion r.sear.h 2025年第8期20卷 2321-2322页

作者： David VC Br.to Clévio nóbr.ga Algar.e Biomedical Center.r.sear.h Institute(ABC-r.) Campus GambelasFaroPortugal Algar.e Biomedical Center.(ABC) Campus GambelasFaroPortugal Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences(FMCB) University of AlgarveGambelas CampusFaroPortugal

With people living longer.the societal impact of age-r.lated cognitive decline is becoming mor. pr.nounced(Cr.mmins,2015).Thus,it is incr.asingly impor.ant to compr.hend the cognitive shifts linked to aging-whether.th... 详细信息

关键词： br.dges becoming insight

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Amyloid-beta pathology-induced nanoscale synaptic disr.ption:the case of the GABA_B-GIr. assembly

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neur.l r.gener.tion r.sear.h 2025年第5期20卷 1409-1410页

作者： r.fael Lujan Alejandr. Mar.ín-Belmonte Ser.i Fer.é Fr.ncisco Cir.ela Synaptic Str.ctur. Labor.tor. Instituto de Biomedicina de la UCLM(IB-UCLM)Departamento de Ciencias MédicasInstituto de Investigación en Salud de Castilla-La Mancha(IDISCAM)Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad Castilla-La ManchaCampus BiosanitarioC/AlmansaAlbaceteSpain Integr.tive neur.biology Section National Institute on Drug AbuseIntramural Research ProgramNational Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMDUSA Phar.acology Unit Department of Pathology and Experimental TherapeuticsSchool of Medicine and Health SciencesInstitute of NeurosciencesUniversity of BarcelonaNeuropharmacology&Pain GroupNeuroscience ProgramBellvitge Institute for Biomedical ResearchL’Hospitalet de LlobregatSpain

Alzheimer.s disease (AD) is char.cter.zed by an imbalance between excitator. and inhibitor. br.in networ.s,leading to aber.ant homeostatic synaptic *** has pr.gr.ssively been r.cognized as syna ptopathy and syna ptic dysfunction has been identified as a key component of its pathogenesis (Schir.nzi et al.,2020).Syna ptic dysfunction is believed to pr.cede synapse loss,a pr.mar. biological cor.elate of cognitive decline in AD,inevita bly associated with neur.nal death.

关键词： Alzheimer pathology

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