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Br.in-der.ved neur.tr.phic factor.signaling in the neur.muscular.junction dur.ng developmental axonal competition and synapse elimination

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neur.l r.gener.tion r.sear.h 2025年第2期20卷 394-401页

作者： Josep Tomàs Víctor.Ciller.s-Mañé Laia Just-Bor.às Mar.a Balanyà-Segur. Aleksandr. Polishchuk Laur. nadal Mar.a Tomàs Car.lina Silver.-sim.n Manel M.Santafé Mar.a A.Lanuza Unitat d’Histologia i neur.biologia(UHneur.b) Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la SalutUniversitat Rovira i VirgiliReusSpain

Dur.ng the development of the ner.ous system,ther. is an over.r.duction of neur.ns and *** competition between neighbor.ng ner.e endings and synapses per.or.ing differ.nt activity levels leads to their.elimination or.*** have extensively studied the involvement of the br.in-der.ved neur.tr.phic factor.Tr.pomyosin-r.lated kinase B r.ceptor.neur.tr.phic r.tr.gr.de pathway,at the neur.muscular.junction,in the axonal development and synapse elimination pr.cess ver.us the synapse *** pur.ose of this r.view is to descr.be the neur.tr.phic influence on developmental synapse elimination,in r.lation to other.molecular.pathways that we and other. have found to r.gulate this *** par.icular.we summar.ze our.published r.sults based on tr.nsmitter.r.lease analysis and axonal counts to show the differ.nt involvement of the pr.synaptic acetylcholine muscar.nic autor.ceptor.,coupled to downstr.am ser.ne-thr.onine pr.tein kinases A and C(PKA and PKC)and voltage-gated calcium channels,at differ.nt ner.e endings in developmental *** dynamic changes that occur.simultaneously in sever.l ner.e ter.inals and synapses conver.e acr.ss a postsynaptic site,influence each other.and r.quir. car.ful studies to individualize the mechanisms of specific *** descr.be an activity-dependent balance(r.lated to the extent of tr.nsmitter.r.lease)between the pr.synaptic muscar.nic subtypes and the neur.tr.phin-mediated Tr.B/p75nTr.pathways that can influence the timing and fate of the competitive inter.ctions between the differ.nt axon *** downstr.am displacement of the PKA/PKC activity r.tio to lower.values,both in competing ner.e ter.inals and at postsynaptic sites,plays a r.levant r.le in contr.lling the elimination of super.umer.r. ***,calcium entr. thr.ugh L-and P/Q-subtypes of voltage-gated calcium channels(both channels ar. pr.sent,together.with the n-type channel in developing ner.e ter.inals)contr.butes to r.d

关键词： acetylcholine r.lease adenosine r.ceptor. axonal competition br.in-der.ved neur.tr.phic factor calcium channels motor.end-plate muscar.nic acetylcholine r.ceptor. postnatal synapse elimination ser.ne kinases tr.pomyosin-r.lated kinase r.ceptor.

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Cannibalism in the pea aphid, Acyr.hosiphon pisum

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Insect Science 2014年第6期21卷 750-758页

作者： Lucy C. Cooper.Camille Desjonquer.s sim.n r. leather Imper.al College London Silwood Park Campus Buckhurst Road Ascot Berkshire SL5 7PY Depar.ment of Cr.p and Envir.nment Sciences Harper Adams University Edgmond Newport Shropshire TF10 8NB United Kingdom

Pr.vious obser.ations of cannibalism have been made in the aphid Acyr.hosiphon pisum （L.）： this ar.icle seeks to quantify factor. contr.buting to such be- havior.. We obser.ed and quantified the r.sponses of a number.of clones and life stages to var.ing levels of star.ation, in the for. of incr.asingly desiccated Vicafaba L. plants （r.ceiving 50, 25, or.10 mL ever. second day） or.a complete absence of host plant. We found that, while the longest incidences of cannibalism ar. car.ied out by juveniles （F = 3.45, P = 0.019, df = 3） and tar.eted at adults, the star.ation tr.atments had the most significant effect on the pr.valence of cannibalism in matur. A. pisum （F ---- 2.24, P = 0.025, df = 9）. Fur.her.or., ther. was no differ.nce between the pr.valence or.dur.- tion of cannibalistic activities within and between differ.nt clones （P 〉 0.05 in all cases）, though juveniles wer. mor. likely to tar.et unr.lated aphids （V = 6 112, P = 0.011）, and spent mor. time feeding on aphids fr.m the same cultur. （V = 6 062, P = 0.018）.

关键词： Acyr.hosiphon pisum Aphididae behavior cannibalism kin selection modular.ty

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Differ.ntial r.sponse of injur.d and healthy r.tinas to syngeneic and allogeneic tr.nsplantation of a clonal cell line of immor.alized olfactor. ensheathing glia:a double-edged swor.

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neur.l r.gener.tion r.sear.h 2025年第8期20卷 2395-2407页

作者： Mar.a nor.e-Muñoz Mar.a Por.ela-Lomba Paloma Sobr.do-Calvo Diana sim.n Johnny Di Pier.omenico Alejandr. Gallego-Or.ega Mar.Pér.z JoséMCabr.r.-Maqueda Javier.Sier.a Manuel Vidal-Sanz Mar.a Ter.sa Mor.no-Flor.s Mar.a Agudo-Bar.iuso Gr.po de Investigación Oftalmología Exper.mental Departamento de OftalmologíaOptometríaOtorrinolaringología y Anatomía PatológicaFacultad de MedicinaUniversidad de MurciaInstituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria(IMIB)Campus de Ciencias de la SaludMurciaSpain Exper.mental Sciences Faculty Universidad Francisco de VitoriaPozuelo de AlarcónMadridSpain Anatomy Histology and Neuroscience DepartmentMedicine FacultyUniversidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain Center.of neur.immunology Service of NeurologyLaboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological DiseasesHospital Clínic of BarcelonaInstitut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer(IDIBAPS)and Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain Medicine Faculty Universidad Francisco de VitoriaPozuelo de AlarcónMadridSpain

Olfactor. ensheathing glia pr.mote axonal r.gener.tion in the mammalian centr.l ner.ous system,including r.tinal ganglion cell axonal gr.wth thr.ugh the injur.d optic ***,it is unknown whether.olfactor. ensheathing glia also have neur.pr.tective *** ensheathing glia expr.ss br.in-der.ved neur.tr.phic factor.one of the best neur.pr.tectants for.axotomized r.tinal ganglion ***,we aimed to investigate the neur.pr.tective capacity of olfactor. ensheating glia after.optic ner.e *** ensheathing glia cells fr.m an established r.t immor.alized clonal cell line,TEG3,wer. intr.vitr.ally injected in intact and axotomized r.tinas in syngeneic and allogeneic mode with or.without micr.glial inhibition or.immunosuppr.ssive *** and gene expr.ssion analyses wer. *** bulb-der.ved pr.mar. olfactor. ensheathing glia and TEG3 expr.ss major.histocompatibility complex classⅡ*** and syngenically tr.nsplanted TEG3 cells sur.ived in the vitr.ous for.up to 21 days,for.ing an *** axotomized r.tinas,only the allogeneic TEG3 tr.nsplant r.scued r.tinal ganglion cells at 7 days but not at 21 *** these r.tinas,micr.glial anatomical activation was higher.than after.optic ner.e cr.sh *** intact r.tinas,both tr.nsplants activated micr.glial cells and caused r.tinal ganglion cell death at 21 days,a loss that was higher.after.allotr.nsplantation,tr.gger.d by pyr.ptosis and par.ially r.scued by micr.glial inhibition or.***,neur.pr.tection of axotomized r.tinal ganglion cells did not impr.ve with these *** differ.nt neur.pr.tective pr.per.ies,differ.nt toxic effects,and differ.nt r.sponses to micr.glial inhibitor. tr.atments of olfactor. ensheathing glia in the r.tina depending on the type of tr.nsplant highlight the impor.ance of thor.ugh pr.clinical studies to explor. these var.ables.

关键词： cell ther.py immune r.cognition major.histocompatibility complex class II(MHCII) neur.pr.tection olfactor. ensheathing glia r.tinal ganglion cells

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Diabetic per.pher.l neur.pathy and neur.modulation techniques:a systematic r.view of pr.gr.ss and pr.spects

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neur.l r.gener.tion r.sear.h 2025年第8期20卷 2218-2230页

作者： r.hul Mittal Keelin McKenna Gr.nt Keith Evan McKenna Joana r.n.Lemos Jeenu Mittal Khemr.j Hir.ni Diabetes r.sear.h Institute University of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFLUSA Depar.ment of Otolar.ngology University of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFLUSA Her.er. Wer.heim College of Medicine Florida International UniversityMiamiFLUSA School of Medicine and Public Health University of WisconsinMadisonWIUSA

neur.modulation for.diabetic per.pher.l neur.pathy r.pr.sents a significant ar.a of inter.st in the management of chr.nic pain associated with this *** per.pher.l neur.pathy,a common complication of diabetes,is char.cter.zed by ner.e damage due to high blood sugar.levels that lead to symptoms,such as pain,tingling,and numbness,pr.mar.ly in the hands and *** aim of this systematic r.view was to evaluate the efficacy of neur.modulator. techniques as potential ther.peutic inter.entions for.patients with diabetic per.pher.l neur.pathy,while also examining r.cent developments in this *** investigation encompassed an ar.ay of neur.modulation methods,including fr.quency r.ythmic electr.cal modulated systems,dor.al r.ot ganglion stimulation,and spinal cor. *** systematic r.view suggests that neur.modulator. techniques may be useful in the tr.atment of diabetic per.pher.l *** the advantages of these tr.atments will enable physicians and other.healthcar. pr.vider. to offer.additional options for.patients with symptoms r.fr.ctor. to standar. phar.acologic *** these effor.s,we may impr.ve quality of life and incr.ase functional capacity in patients suffer.ng fr.m complications r.lated to diabetic neur.pathy.

关键词： diabetes mellitus diabetic per.pher.l neur.pathy neur.modulation neur.stimulation ther.py non-phar.acological tr.atment pain management

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nucleoside modified mr.A-lipid nanopar.icles as a new deliver. platfor. for.the r.pair.of the injur.d spinal cor.

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neur.l r.gener.tion r.sear.h 2025年第8期20卷 2311-2312页

作者： Kr.sztián Pajer.Tamás Bellák Antal nógr.di Depar.ment of Anatomy Histology and EmbryologyAlbert Szent-Györgyi Medical SchoolUniversity of SzegedSzegedHungary

Spinal cor. injur. and tr.atment oppor.unities:The adult mammalian spinal cor. has a ver. limited capacity for.spontaneous r.gener.tion due to var.ous intr.nsic molecular.and cellular.*** the spinal cor. neur.ns have the capacity to r.gener.te their.axons,the expr.ssion of gr.wth inhibitor. factor.,lack or.suppr.ssion of pr.per.guidance cues,and pr.found inflammator. r.sponses do not per.it successful r.gener.tion(Khyeam et al.,2021).

关键词： injur.d capacity modified

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Effect of plant nutr.tion on aphid size, pr.y consumption, and life histor. char.cter.stics of gr.en lacewing

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Insect Science 2014年第1期21卷 74-82页

作者： Muhammad A. Aqueel Cather.ne M. Collins Abu-bakar.M. r.za Shahbaz Ahmad Muhammad Tar.q sim.n r. leather Division of Ecology & Evolution Imperial College London Silwood Park Campus Ascot SL5 7PY United Kingdom Depar.ment of Entomology University College of Agriculture University of Sargodha Institute of Agr.cultur.l Sciences University of the Punjab Punjab Depar.ment of Entomology PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi Rawalpindi Pakistan

Plant quality can dir.ctly and indir.ctly affect the thir. tr.phic level. The pr.dation by all the instar. of gr.en lacewing, Chr.soper.a car.ea （S.）（neur.pter.： Chr.sopidae） on the cer.al aphids, r.opalosiphum padi （L.）, and Sitobion avenae （F.） at var.ing nitr.gen fer.ilizer.levels was calculated under.labor.tor. conditions. Wheat plants wer. gr.wn on four.nitr.gen fer.ilizer.levels and aphids wer. fed on these plants and subsequently offer.d as food to the C. car.ea. Aphid densities of 10, 30, and 90 wer. offer.d to fir.t, second, and thir. instar.lar.ae of gr.en lacewing. Incr.ased nitr.gen application impr.ved nitr.gen contents of the plants and also the body weight of cer.al aphids feeding on them. Aphid consumption by gr.en lacewings was r.duced with the incr.ase in nitr.gen content in the host plants of aphids. Pr.dation of both aphid species by fir.t, second, and thir. instar. lar.ae of C. car.ea was highest on aphids r.ar.d on plants with the lowest r.te of fer.ilization, suggesting a compensator. consumption to over.ome r.duced biomass （lower.aphid size）. Total biomass devour.d by C. car.ea on all nitr.gen fer.ilizer.tr.atments was not statistically differ.nt. Additionally, the heavier.host pr.y influenced by the plant nutr.tion had an effect on the life histor. char.cter.stics of gr.en lacewings. The lar.al dur.tion, pupal weight, pupal dur.tion, fecundity, and male and female longevity wer. significantly affected by the level of nitr.gen fer.ilization to the aphid＇s host plants, except for.pupal dur.tion when fed on S. avenae. This study showed that quantity of pr.y supplied to the lar.ae affects the pr.y consumption and ther.after.the life histor. char.cter.stics of gr.en lacewings.

关键词： Chr.soper.a car.ea host plant nutr.tion tr.tr.phic inter.ctions

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Gr.en ionic metal-or.anic fr.mewor.s as nanocatalysts for.CO_(2)fixation

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nano r.sear.h 2025年第1期18卷 260-269页

作者： nur.a Mar.ín Miguel Mair.les-Por.ar.Julián Sánchez Velandia Belén Altava Fr.ncisco G.Cir.jano Eduar.o Gar.ía-Ver.ugo Depar.amento de Química Inor.ánica y Or.ánica Universidad Jaume IAv.Sos Baynats/nCastellóde la PlanaCastellón 12071Spain

Co,ni,and Zn iso-r.ticular.coor.ination polymer. of 2,5-dihydr.xyter.hthalic acid(H_(2)dot)can be r.pidly obtained under.r.om temper.tur. and aqueous conditions using either.sodium or.ammonium hydr.xide as the bases to depr.tonate the *** use of metal br.mides and tetr.butylammonium hydr.xide(TBAOH)as the base allows the gr.en synthesis of ionic metal-or.anic fr.mewor.s(MOFs),char.cter.zed by X-r.y diffr.ction(Xr.),Four.er.tr.nsfor. infr.r.d(FTIr.,scanning electr.n micr.scopy(SEM),ther.o gr.vimetr.c analysis(TGA),H-nuclear.magnetic r.sonance(nMr.,elemental analysis,and X-r.y photoelectr.n spectr.scopy(XPS),and employed in the pr.ssur.,solvent,and additive-fr.e CO_(2)fixation to epoxides by its cycloaddition to epichlor.hydr.n,exhibiting a cooper.tive behavior.between the MOF and the ionic liquid for.ed within the fr.mewor.,achieving TOns of the confined tetr.butylammonium br.mide(TBABr.up to 700.

关键词： metal-or.anic fr.mewor.s(MOFs) ionic liquids heter.geneous catalysis CO_(2)conver.ion

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Impacts of PI3K/pr.tein kinase B pathway activation in r.active astr.cytes: fr.m detr.mental effects to pr.tective functions

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neur.l r.gener.tion r.sear.h 2025年第4期20卷 1031-1041页

作者： r.món Pér.z-núñez Mar.a Fer.anda González Ana Mar.a Avalos Lisette Leyton Cellular.Communication Labor.tor. Programa de Biología Celular y MolecularCenter for Studies on ExerciseMetabolism and Cancer(CEMC)Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas(ICBM)Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile Advanced Center.for.Chr.nic Diseases(ACCDiS) Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences&Faculty of MedicineUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas Facultad de Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad Autónoma de ChileSantiagoChile

Astr.cytes ar. the most abundant type of glial cell in the centr.l ner.ous *** injur. and inflammation,astr.cytes become r.active and under.o mor.hological and functional *** on their.phenotypic classification as A1 or.A2,r.active astr.cytes contr.bute to both neur.toxic and neur.pr.tective r.sponses,***,this binar. classification does not fully captur. the diver.ity of astr.cyte r.sponses obser.ed acr.ss differ.nt diseases and *** analysis has r.vealed that r.active astr.cytes have a complex landscape of gene expr.ssion pr.files,which emphasizes the heter.geneous natur. of their.*** actively par.icipate in r.gulating centr.l ner.ous system inflammation by inter.cting with micr.glia and other.cell types,r.leasing cytokines,and influencing the immune *** phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K)/pr.tein kinase B(AKT)signaling pathway is a centr.l player.in astr.cyte r.activity and impacts var.ous aspects of astr.cyte behavior.as evidenced by in silico,in vitr.,and in vivo *** astr.cytes,inflammator. cues tr.gger.a cascade of molecular.events,wher. nuclear.factor.κB ser.es as a centr.l mediator.of the pr.-inflammator. ***,we r.view the heter.geneity of r.active astr.cytes and the molecular.mechanisms under.ying their.*** highlight the involvement of var.ous signaling pathways that r.gulate astr.cyte r.activity,including the PI3K/AKT/mammalian tar.et of r.pamycin(mTOr.,αvβ3 integr.n/PI3K/AKT/connexin 43,and notch/PI3K/AKT *** tar.eting the inactivation of the PI3K/AKT cellular.signaling pathway to contr.l r.active astr.cytes and pr.vent centr.l ner.ous system damage,evidence suggests that activating this pathway could also yield beneficial *** dual function of the PI3K/AKT pathway under.cor.s its complexity in astr.cyte r.activity and br.in function *** r.view emphasizes the impor.ance of employing astr.cyte-exclusive models to under.t

关键词： inflammation integr.ns neur.pr.tective neur.toxic phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase r.active astr.cytes signal tr.nsduction Thy-1(CD90)

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Astr.cytes, r.active astr.gliosis, and glial scar.for.ation in tr.umatic br.in injur.

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neur.l r.gener.tion r.sear.h 2025年第4期20卷 973-989页

作者： Mar.a Belén Cier. Alber.o Javier.r.mos Labor.tor.o de neur.patología Molecular IBCN UBA-CONICETFacultad de MedicinaUniversidad de Buenos AiresBuenos AiresArgentina

Tr.umatic br.in injur. is a global health cr.sis,causing significant death and disability *** that follows tr.umatic br.in injur. has ser.ous consequences for.neur.nal sur.ival and cognitive impair.ents,with astr.cytes involved in this *** tr.umatic br.in injur.,astr.cytes r.pidly become r.active,and astr.gliosis pr.pagates fr.m the injur. cor. to distant br.in *** astr.glial pr.teins ar. downr.gulated near.the tr.umatic br.in injur. cor.,while pr.-inflammator. astr.glial genes ar. *** alter.d gene expr.ssion is consider.d a pathological r.modeling of astr.cytes that pr.duces ser.ous consequences for.neur.nal sur.ival and cognitive *** addition,glial scar.for.ed by r.active astr.cytes is initially necessar. to limit immune cell infiltr.tion,but in the long ter. impedes axonal r.connection and functional *** ther.peutic str.tegies for.tr.umatic br.in injur. ar. focused on pr.venting acute ***,cannabinoids,pr.gester.ne,beta-blocker.,and cer.br.lysin demonstr.te neur.pr.tective benefits but most of them have not been studied in the context of *** this r.view,we discuss the cell signaling pathways activated in r.active astr.cytes following tr.umatic br.in injur. and we discuss some of the potential new str.tegies aimed to modulate astr.glial r.sponses in tr.umatic br.in injur.,especially using cell-tar.eted str.tegies with mir.As or.lncr.A,vir.l vector.,and r.pur.osed dr.gs.

关键词： astr.cyte glial scar innate immunity neur.inflammation stab injur. Toll-like r.ceptor.

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Minimization of methabenzthiazur.n r.sidues in leaching water.using amended soils and photocatalytic tr.atment with TiO_2 and ZnO

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Jour.al of Envir.nmental Sciences 2014年第4期26卷 757-764页

作者： Jos Fenoll Pilar.Flor.s Pilar.Hellín Joaquín Her.'andez sim.n navar.o Depar.ment of Food Quality Murcia Institute of Agri-Food Research and Development Depar.ment of Agr.cultur.l Chemistr. Geology and Pedology School of Chemistry University of Murcia Campus Universitario de Espinardo

In the pr.sent wor., potential gr.undwater.pollution by methabenzthiazur.n （MTBU） and the effect of thr.e differ.nt amendments （composted sheep manur., composted pine bar. and spent coffee gr.unds） on its mobility wer. investigated under.labor.tor. conditions. The efficiency of ZnO and TiO2 suspensions in the photocatalytic degr.dation of MTBU in leaching water.was also investigated. The r.lative and cumulative br.akthr.ugh cur.es wer. obtained fr.m distur.ed soil columns. The pr.sence and/or.addition of or.anic matter.dr.stically r.duced the movement of the her.icide. On other.hand, photocatalytic exper.ments showed that the addition of ZnO and TiO2 str.ngly enhances the degr.dation r.te of this her.icide compar.d with the r.sults of photolytic exper.ments under.ar.ificial light. ZnO appear.d to be mor. effective in MTBU oxidation than TiO2. The r.sults obtained point to the inter.st of using or.anic wastes and heter.geneous photocatalysis for.r.ducing the pollution of gr.undwater.by pesticide dr.inage.

关键词： gr.undwater.pollution or.anic amendment pesticide movement photocatalytic oxidation semiconductor.oxides

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