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Severe pediatric COVID‑19:a review from the clinical and immunopathophysiological perspectives

World Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第4期20卷 307-324页

作者： yi‑Kan Sun Can Wang Pei‑Quan Lin Lei Hu Jing Ye Zhi‑Gang Gao Ru Lin Hao‑Min Li Qiang shu Li‑Su Huang Lin‑Hua Tan Children's Hospital Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310052China The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310030China Surgical Intensive Care Unit Children’s HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310052China Department of General Surgery Children’s HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310052China Department of Cardiopulmonary and Ex.racorporeal Life Support Children’s HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310052China Clinical Data Center Children’s HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310052China Department of Cardiac Surgery Children’s HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310052China National Clinical Research Center for Child Health Children’s HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310052China Department of Infectious Diseases Children’s HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310052China

Background Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)tends to have mild presentations in ***,severe and critical cases do arise in the pediatric population with debilitating systemic impacts and can be fatal at times,meriting further attention from ***,the intricate interactions between the pathogen virulence factors and host defense mechanisms are believed to play indispensable roles in severe COVID-19 pathophysiology but remain incompletely *** sources A comprehensive literature review was conducted for pertinent publications by reviewers independently using the PubMed,Embase,and Wanfang *** keywords included“COVID-19 in children”,“severe pediatric COVID-19”,and“critical illness in children with COVID-19”.Results Risks of developing severe COVID-19 in children escalate with increasing numbers of co-morbidities and an unvaccinated *** respiratory distress stress and necrotizing pneumonia are prominent pulmonary manifestations,while various forms of cardiovascular and neurological involvement may also be *** immunological processes are implicated in the host response to COVID-19 including the type I interferon and inflammasome pathways,whose dysregulation in severe and critical diseases translates into adverse clinical *** inflammatory syndrome in children(MIS-C),a potentially life-threatening immune-mediated condition chronologically associated with COVID-19 ex.osure,denotes another scientific and clinical conundrum that ex.mplifies the complex.ty of pediatric *** the considerable dissimilarities between the pediatric and adult immune systems,clinical trials dedicated to children are lacking and current management recommendations are largely adapted from adult *** Severe pediatric COVID-19 can affect multiple organ *** dysregulated immune pathways in severe COVID-19 shape the disease course,epitomize the vast functional diversity of the

关键词： Immunopathophysiology MIS-C Pediatric critical care Severe pediatric COVID-19

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Rare uterine serosal pregnancy after in vitro fertilization in a woman with bilateral salpingectomy

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Clinical Research Communications 2024年第3期7卷 38-42页

作者： shu-yi Dong shu-Feng Liu Jun Tan Ping-Ping Sun The Reproductive Endocrinology Department of Gaomi Maternity and Child Care Hospital Weifang 261000China. The Reproductive Medicine Centre of Weifang People’s Hospital Weifang 261000China.

Objective:To improve the understanding of ectopic pregnancy after bilateral salpingectomy through case analysis and literature ***:A case of uterine serosal pregnancy after in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer(IVF-ET)in a woman with bilateral salpingectomy was reported in detail and summarized,and relevant literatures searched in Pubmed were ***:The patient had a sudden abdominal pain 18 days after *** showed no pregnancy sac in the intrauterine cavity and bilateral adnex.l areas,but there was a large amount of fluid in the Pouch of Douglas,which was an indication for surgical *** the operation,the pregnancy tissue was found on the uterine serosal and cleared in *** the patient recovered well after *** of the literatures showed that most of ectopic pregnancies after bilateral salpingectomy were treated surgically and had a good ***:Ectopic pregnancy after bilateral salpingectomy is ex.remely rare and should be early judged by the patients’*** treatment timely can achieve good outcome.

关键词： IVF-ET uterine serosal pregnancy ectopic pregnancy bilateral salpingectomy

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Hepatoprotective effects of x.aoyao San formula on hepatic steatosis and inflammation via regulating the sex.hormones metabolism

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World Journal of Hepatology 2024年第7期16卷 1051-1066页

作者： x.ao-Li Mei shu-yi Wu Si-Lan Wu x.ao-Lin Luo Si-x.ng Huang Rui Liu Zhe Qiang Department of Pharmacology and Tox.cology Sichuan-Chongqing Joint Key Laboratory of New Chinese Medicine Creation LaboratoryChongqing Academy of Chinese Materia MedicaChongqing 400061China College of Chinese Medicine Chongqing College of Traditional Chinses MedicineChongqing 402760China Department of Oncology The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400010China College of Pharmacy Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400010China

BACKGROUND The modified x.aoyao San(Mx.)formula is an adjuvant drug recommended by the National Health Commission of China for the treatment of liver cancer,which has the effect of preventing postoperative recurrence and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma and prolonging patient ***,the molecular mechanisms underlying that remain *** To investigate the role and mechanisms of Mx. in ameliorating hepatic injury,steatosis and *** A choline-deficient/high-fat diet-induced rat nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH)model was used to ex.mine the effects of Mx. on lipid accumulation in primary *** tissues were collected for western blotting and immunohisto chemistry(IHC)*** accumulation and hepatic fibrosis were detected using oil red staining and Sirius red *** serum samples were collected for biochemical assays and NMR-based metabonomics *** inflammation/lipid metabolism-related signaling and regulators in liver tissues were also detected to reveal the molecular mechanisms of Mx. against *** Mx. showed a significant decrease in lipid accumulation and inflammatory response in hepatocytes under metabolic *** western blotting and IHC results indicated that Mx. activated AMPK pathway but inhibited the ex.ression of key regulators related to lipid accumulation,inflammation and hepatic fibrosis in the pathogenesis of *** metabonomics analysis systemically indicated that the arachidonic acid metabolism and steroid hormone synthesis are the two main target metabolic pathways for Mx. to ameliorate liver inflammation and hepatic ***,we found that Mx. protected against NASH by attenuating the sex.hormone-related metabolism,especially the metabolism of male *** Mx. ameliorates inflammation and hepatic steatosis of NASH by inhibiting the metabolism of male *** male hormone related metabolic pathways may be the potential therapeutic app

关键词： Hepatic steatosis Inflammation Sex.hormone metabolism Male hormone Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten

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Protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor Ⅱ:A possible biomarker of poor prognosis and mediator of immune evasion in hepatocellular carcinoma

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2024年第9期16卷 3913-3931页

作者： Hui-Yuan Li yi-Ming Jing x.e Shen Ming-Yue Tang Hong-Hong Shen x.n-Wei Li Zi-shu Wang Fang Su Department of Medical Oncology The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical UniversityBengbu 233000Anhui ProvinceChina Department of Neurology The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical UniversityBengbu 233000Anhui ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND The incidence of primary liver cancer is increasing year by *** 2022 alone,more than 900000 people were diagnosed with liver cancer worldwide,with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)accounting for 75%-85%of *** is the most common primary liver *** has the highest incidence and mortality rate of HCC in the world,and it is one of the malignant tumors that seriously threaten the health of Chinese *** onset of liver cancer is occult,the early cases lack typical clinical symptoms,and most of the patients are already in the middle and late stage when ***,it is very important to find new markers for the early detection and diagnosis of liver cancer,improve the therapeutic effect,and improve the prognosis of *** tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor 2(PTPN2)has been shown to be associated with colorectal cancer,triple-negative breast cancer,non-small cell lung cancer,and prostate cancer,but its biological role and function in tumors remain to be further *** To combine the results of relevant data obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)to provide the first in-depth analysis of the biological role of PTPN2 in *** The ex.ression of PTPN2 in HCC was first analyzed based on the TCGA database,and the findings were then verified by immunohistochemical staining,quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR),and *** value of PTPN2 in predicting the survival of patients with HCC was assessed by analyzing the relationship between PTPN2 ex.ression in HCC tissues and clinicopathological ***,the potential of PTPN2 affecting immune escape of liver cancer was evaluated by tumor immune dysfunction and ex.lusion and immunohistochemical *** The results of immunohistochemical staining,qRT-PCR,and immunoblotting in combination with TCGA database analysis showed that PTPN2 was highly ex.ressed and associated with a poor prognosis in HCC *** Encyclopedia of Ge

关键词： Protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor 2 Hepatocellular carcinoma Immune evasion Biomarker Immunotherapy Prognosis

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NLRP3 activation in macrophages promotes acute intestinal injury in neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第2期20卷 153-164页

作者： Bo Shi Cheng-Jie Lyu Zhen-Kai Le Hao-Sen Ji yi x.ao Yuan-Yuan Zhang Shou-Jiang Huang Lin-Jun Yu Qiang shu Jin-Fa Tou Deng-Ming Lai Department of Neonatal Surgery Children’s HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineNational Clinical Research Center for Child HealthHangzhou 310052China Department of Pulmonology Children’s HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineNational Clinical Research Center for Child HealthHangzhou 310052China Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Children’s HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineNational Clinical Research Center for Child HealthHangzhou 310052China

Background Macrophages are involved in various immune inflammatory disease *** study aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of macrophages in regulating acute intestinal injury in neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis(NEC).Methods CD68,nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain,leucine-rich repeat,and pyrin domain-containing 3(NLRP3),cysteine aspartate-specific protease-1(caspase-1),and interleukin-1β(IL-1β)in paraffin sections of intestinal tissues from NEC and control patients were detected with immunohistochemistry,immunofluorescence,and western *** pet milk,hypox.a and cold stimulation were used to establish a mouse(wild type and Nlrp3^(-/-))model of *** mouse macrophage(RAW 264.7)and rat intestinal epithelial cell-6 lines were also cultured followed by various ***,intestinal epithelial cell injuries,and IL-1β release were *** Compared to the gut“healthy”patients,the intestinal lamina propria of NEC patients had high macrophage infiltration and high NLRP3,caspase-1,and IL-1β ***,in vivo,the survival rate of Nlrp3^(-/-)NEC mice was dramatically improved,the proportion of intestinal macrophages was reduced,and intestinal injury was decreased compared to those of wild-type NEC ***3,caspase-1,and IL-1β derived from macrophages or supernatant from cocultures of macrophages and intestinal epithelial cells also caused intestinal epithelial cell *** Macrophage activation may be essential for NEC ***3/caspase-1/IL-1β cellular signals derived from macrophages may be the underlying mechanism of NEC development,and all these may be therapeutic targets for developing treatments for NEC.

关键词： Caspase-1 Interleukin-1β Macrophage Necrotizing enterocolitis NLRP3

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Mesenchymal stem cell-derived ex.racellular vesicles in skin wound healing:roles,opportunities and challenges

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Military Medical Research 2024年第3期11卷 400-429页

作者： Jia-yi Ding Min-Jiang Chen Ling-Feng Wu Gao-Feng shu Shi-Ji Fang Zhao-Yu Li x.-Ran Chu x.ao-Kun Li Zhou-Guang Wang Jian-Song Ji Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research Institute of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Researchthe Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityZhejiangLishui 323000China Oujiang Laboratory(Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine Vision and Brain Health)School of Pharmaceutical ScienceWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325035ZhejiangChina Clinical College of the Affiliated Central Hospital School of MedicineLishui UniversityLishui 323000ZhejiangChina Department of Overseas Education College Jimei UniversityXiamen 361021FujianChina Department of Medicine Ⅱ Internal MedicineCardio-Pulmonary Institute(CPI)Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center(UGMLC)Member of the German Center for Lung Research(DZL)Justus-Liebig University Giessen35392 GiessenGermany Pulmonary and Critical Care Department of Medicine VInternal MedicineInfectious Diseases and Infection ControlUniversities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center(UGMLC)Member of the German Center for Lung Research(DZL)Justus-Liebig University Giessen35392 GiessenGermany

Skin wounds are characterized by injury to the skin due to trauma,tearing,cuts,or *** such injuries are common to all human groups,they may at times represent a serious socioeconomic ***,increasing numbers of studies have focused on the role of mesenchymal stem cell(MSC)-derived ex.racellular vesicles(EVs)in skin wound *** a cell-free therapy,MSC-derived EVs have shown significant application potential in the field of wound repair as a more stable and safer option than conventional cell *** based on MSC-derived EVs can significantly promote the repair of damaged substructures,including the regeneration of vessels,nerves,and hair *** addition,MSC-derived EVs can inhibit scar formation by affecting angiogenesis-related and antifibrotic pathways in promoting macrophage polarization,wound angiogenesis,cell proliferation,and cell migration,and by inhibiting ex.essive ex.racellular matrix.***,these structures can serve as a scaffold for components used in wound repair,and they can be developed into bioengineered EVs to support trauma *** the formulation of standardized culture,isolation,purification,and drug delivery strategies,ex.loration of the detailed mechanism of EVs will allow them to be used as clinical treatments for wound *** conclusion,MSCderived EV-based therapies have important application prospects in wound *** we provide a comprehensive overview of their current status,application potential,and associated drawbacks.

关键词： Mesenchymal stem cell(MSC) Ex.racellular vesicles(EVs) Wound repair Engineered nanoparticles

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Coinfection of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant and other respiratory pathogens in children

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第1期20卷 92-96页

作者： Wei Li Bing-Han Wang Bao-Hai Chen yi Sun Lin Li Wen-Qing x.ang Ahmed Faisal Ali Lin-x.an Su Hai-Yan Mao Hong-Qiang Shen Qiang shu Department of Clinical Laboratory Children's HospitalNational Clinical Research Center for Child HealthZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina School of Public Health Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina Department of Information Center Children's HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention HangzhouChina Department of Thoracic&Cardiovascular Surgery Children's HospitalNational Clinical Research Center for Child HealthZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina

Since the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),the entire world has been affected by the epidemic[1,2].On November 9,2021,a variant of the novel coronavirus B.1.1.529 was detected for the first time from case samples in South *** Omicron strain spread and mutated significantly *** variant has the characteristics of escape immunity,which can induce relatively ex.reme disease and reduce the neutralization of antibodies in vaccinators,and is more likely to be reinfected[3,4].The clinical presentation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARSCoV-2)in children has mild symptoms and a lower risk of hospitalization and death.

关键词： respiratory immunity acute

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Influence of the Acoustic Liner in Large Eddy Simulation of Longitudinal Thermoacoustic Instability in a Model Annular Combustor

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Journal of Thermal Science 2024年第2期33卷 710-724页

作者： MENG Sheng ZHANG Man GAO yi AECC Commercial Aircraft Engine Co. Ltd.Shanghai200241China School of Aeronautics and Astronautics Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China

Although ex.ensive efforts have been made to dampen the thermoacoustic instability,successfully controlling the pressure oscillations in modern gas turbines or aeroengines remains *** influence of the acoustic liner on the longitudinal thermoacoustic mode in a model annular combustor is investigated by Large Eddy Simulation(LES) in this *** result of the self-ex.ited longitudinal thermoacoustic instability without the liner agrees well with the frequency and acoustic analysis of the pressure mode based on ex.erimental *** different bias flow velocities of the liner located downstream of the combustor are then *** results reveal that the ex.stence of the liner influences not only the acoustic field but also the flow *** the bias velocity is large,it leads to intense turbulence-induced fluctuations,and the pressure oscillation is modulated *** shows that the weak coupling between flow and pressure oscillations plays a significant role in the onset of the intermittency of a thermoacoustic *** on the dynamic analysis of the thermoacoustic system with the acoustic liner,this intermittency is caused by the influence of the flow field on the flame-acoustic ***,a low-order modeling method based on Van der Pol(VdP) oscillator with additive stochastic forcing is conducted to reproduce the evolving dynamics of the thermoacoustic *** the numerical cases demonstrated in this work are relatively simpler than those in a practical combustion system,the results are helpful for us to understand the effect of the acoustic liner and show the attractive potential to apply this device to suppress thermoacoustic instability.

关键词： thermoacoustic instability acoustic liner Large Eddy Simulation low-order modeling

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Hematite-facilitated microbial ammox.dation for enhanced nitrogen removal in constructed wetlands

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第7期18卷 35-45页

作者： Hao Qin Wenbo Nie Duo yi Dongx. Yang Mengli Chen Tao Liu yi Chen Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment(Ministry of Education) Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400045China College of Environment and Ecology Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400045China Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 610031China

Constructed wetlands(CWs)are widely applied for decentralized wastewater ***,achieving efficient removal of ammonia(NH+-N)has proven challenging due to insufficient *** this study,natural hematite(Fe,O3)was employed as a CW substrate(H-CWs)for the first time to drive anaerobic ammonia ox.dation coupled with iron(I)reduction(Feammox..Compared to gravel constructed wetlands(G-CWs),ammonia removal was enhanced by 38.14%to 54.03%and nitrous ox.de(N_(2)0)emissions were reduced by 34.60%in *** synergistic removal of ammonia and nitrate by H-CWs also resulted in the absence of ammox.dation *** and 15N isotope tracer incubations showed that Feammox.accounting for approx.mately 40%of all ammonia removal in the *** enrichment of iron phosphate(Fe_(3)Fe_(4)(PO_(4))_(6))promoted the accumulation of the Feammox.intermediate compound *** nanowires were observed on the surface of H-CW substrates as well,suggesting that the observed biological ammox.dation was most likely related to ex.racellular electron transfer(EET).Microbial and metagenomics analysis revealed that H-CWs elevated the integrity and enhanced the abundance of functional microorganisms and genes associated with nitrogen ***,the efficient ammonia removal in the absence of O2 together with a reduction in N_(2)O emissions as described in this study may provide useful guidance for hematite-mediated anaerobic ammonia removal in CWs.

关键词： Constructed wetlands Nitrogen removal Feammox Hematite Iron cycle

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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and sleep disorders

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World Journal of Hepatology 2024年第3期16卷 304-315页

作者： Lu-Fang Bu Chong-Yu x.ong Jie-yi Zhong Yan x.ong Dong-Ming Li Fen-Fang Hong shu-Long Yang Department of Physiology Fuzhou Medical CollegeNanchang UniversityFuzhou 344000Jiangxi ProvinceChina Key Laboratory of Chronic Diseases Fuzhou Medical UniversityFuzhou 344000Jiangxi ProvinceChina Technology Innovation Center of Chronic Disease Research in Fuzhou City Fuzhou Science and Technology BureauFuzhou 344000Jiangxi ProvinceChina Ex.erimental Center of Pathogen Biology College of MedicineNanchang UniversityNanchang 330006Jiangxi ProvinceChina

Studies have shown that non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)may be associated with sleep *** order to ex.lore the ex.licit relationship between the two,we systematically reviewed the effects of sleep disorders,especially obstructive sleep apnea(OSA),on the incidence of NAFLD,and analyzed the possible mechanisms after adjusting for confounding *** is independently associated with sleep *** sleep disorders may be the cause of the onset and aggravation of *** ex.essive or insufficient sleep duration,poor sleep quality,insomnia,sleep-wake disorders,and OSA may increase the incidence of *** that some research suggests a unidirectional causal link between the two,specifically,the onset of NAFLD is identified as a result of changes in sleep characteristics,and the reverse relationship does not hold ***,there is still a lack of specific research elucidating the reasons behind the higher risk of developing sleep disorders in individuals with *** research is needed to establish a clear relationship between NAFLD and sleep *** will lay the groundwork for earlier identification of potential patients,which is crucial for earlier monitoring,diagnosis,effective prevention,and treatment of NAFLD.

关键词： Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Sleep duration Sleep quality Sleep disorders Obstructive sleep apnea

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