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Implications for fault reactivation and seismicity induced by hydraulic fracturing

Petroleum Science 2024年第2期21卷 1081-1098页

作者： Zi-Han Sun Ming-Guang Che Li-Hong Zhu shu-juan zhang Ji-Yuan Lu Chang-Yu Jin Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Safe Mining of Deep Metal Mines School of Resources and Civil Engineering and Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province on Deep Engineering and Intelligent TechnologyNortheastern UniversityShenyang110819LiaoningChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration&Development PetroChina Company LimitedBeijing100084China The Exploration and Development Research Institute of Daqing Oilfield Limited Company Daqing163458HeilongjiangChina

Evaluating the physical mechanisms that link hydraulic fracturing(HF) operations to induced earthquakes and the anticipated form of the resulting events is significant in informing subsurface fluid injection operations. Current understanding supports the overriding role of the effective stress magnitude in triggering earthquakes, while the impact of change rate of effective stress has not been systematically addressed. In this work, a modified critical stiffness was brought up to investigate the likelihood, impact,and mitigation of induced seismicity during and after hydraulic fracturing by developing a poroelastic model based on rate-and-state fraction law and linear stability analysis. In the new criterion, the change rate of effective stress was considered a key variable to explore the evolution of this criterion and hence the likelihood of instability slip of fault. A coupled fluid flow-deformation model was used to represent the entire hydraulic fracturing process in COMSOL Multiphysics. The possibility of triggering an earthquake throughout the entire hydraulic fracturing process, from fracturing to cessation, was investigated considering different fault locations, orientations, and positions along the fault. The competition between the effects of the magnitude and change rate of effective stress was notable at each fracturing stage. The effective stress magnitude is a significant controlling factor during fracturing events, with the change rate dominating when fracturing is suddenly started or stopped. Instability dominates when the magnitude of the effective stress increases(constant injection at each fracturing stage) and the change rate of effective stress decreases(the injection process is suddenly stopped). Fracturing with a high injection rate, a fault adjacent to the hydraulic fracturing location and the position of the junction between the reservoir and fault are important to reduce the Coulomb failure stress(CFS) and enhance the critical stiffness as

关键词： Hydraulic fracturing Coulomb failure stress Rate-and-state fraction model Linear stability analysis Critical stiffness Seismically induced fault

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Chemical Investigation of Potassium Methyl Siliconate as Deacidification and Strengthening Agent for Preservation of Aged Papers

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2015年第12期33卷 1672-1682页

作者： shu-juan zhang 张小岗 Wen-ting Shang Department of Chemistry Renmin University of China

Potassium methyl siliconate （PMS） was investigated as a simple physicochemical modification in aged paper using silane coupling technique. The PMS-based solution was shown to favor penetration in the cellulose fibers on the paper with suitable uptakes being achieved at low concentrations. The studies of the physicochemical properties of the treated paper （mechanical strength and alkalinity） demonstrated that, besides the required deacidification feature and high level of alkali reserves, the immersion treatment by PMS allowed the enhancement of the mechanical intensities of paper arising from the interaction between Si--OH generated in hydrolysis of PMS and C--OH of cellulose on the paper. Adding ethanol into PMS solution could significantly improve mechanical properties of the aged paper treated by the formula apart from modifying the flatness of the paper. Optimized treatment process was achieved by altering the ratio of ethanol to water in PMS-based solutions. Contact angle measurements indicated the occurrence of hydrophobic character of the papers in immersion treatment with PMS-based solutions. The easy availability of the materials and simplicity of the method rendered it convenient for treatment for aged paper documents.

关键词： Potassium methyl siliconate Paper Deacidification Reinforcement Ageing.

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Principle and progress of radical treatment for locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2022年第35期10卷 12804-12811页

作者： Xiao-Fei zhang Pei-Yi Liu shu-juan zhang Kuai-Le Zhao Wei-Xin Zhao Department of Radiation Oncology Fudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai 200032China Department of Oncology Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai 200032China Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Radiation Oncology Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology Shanghai 200032China Department of Orthopedics Tongren HospitalSchool of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200336China Department of Oncology The Second People's Hospital of KashgarKashgar 844000Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous RegionChina

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is one of the most common malignant tumors in the digestive system in China and the *** patients are diagnosed as locally advanced or advanced *** chemoradiotherapy is the standard treatment for locally advanced esophageal squamous cell *** study intends to summarize the evidence-based medical evidence of the treatment principle of locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma,the selection of radiotherapy dose,the outline of radiotherapy target and the selection of chemotherapy *** a result,the effect of radiotherapy and chemotherapy is equivalent to that of surgery for the radical treatment of esophageal squamous cell *** the era of immunization,it is recommended to use involved field *** plus cisplatin regimen is the standard chemotherapy *** regimen and paclitaxel plus fluorouracil regimen are optional concurrent chemotherapy *** toxic and side effects of different chemotherapy regimens are different,which can be selected according to the actual situation of patients.

关键词： Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma Radical radiotherapy and chemotherapy Involving field irradiation Chemoradiotherapy Radical treatment

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N6-methyladenine-modified DNA was decreased in Alzheimer’s disease patients

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2022年第2期10卷 448-457页

作者： shuang Lv Xiao Zhou Yi-Ming Li Tao Yang shu-juan zhang Yu Wang shu-Hong Jia Dan-Tao Peng Department of Neurology Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical MedicineBeijing 100029China Department of Neurology China-Japan Friendship HospitalBeijing 100029China Department of Neurology Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing 100029China Department of Cardiovascular Dongzhimen HospitalBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing 100700China Department of Geriatric The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General HospitalBeijing 100039China

BACKGROUND In recent years,the prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease(AD)has increased,which places a great burden on society and families and creates considerable challenges for medical services.N6-methyladenine(m6A)deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA)adenine methylation is a novel biomarker and is abundant in the brain,but less common in *** support to analyze the relationship between DNA m6A and cognition in patients with AD and normal controls(NCs)in *** To analyze the relationship between the novel m6A DNA and cognition in patients with AD and NCs in *** A total of 179 AD patients(mean age 71.60±9.89 years;males:91;females:88)and 147 NCs(mean age 69.59±11.22 years;males:77;females:70)who were age-and sex-matched were included in our *** subjects underwent neuropsychological scale assessment and magnetic resonance imaging *** E(APOE)genotypes were measured through agarose gel *** m6A levels were evaluated by a MethylFlash m6A DNA Methylation ELISA Kit(colorimetric).Global m6A levels in total DNA from ten AD patients with 18F-AV-45(florbetapir)positron emission tomography(PET)positivity and ten NCs with PET negativity were analyzed by dot blotting to determine the *** Our ELISA results showed that the global m6A DNA levels in peripheral blood were different between patients with AD and NCs(P=0.002;0.05).Further studie

关键词： Alzheimer disease N6-methyladenine DNA Montreal Cognitive Assessment Apolipoprotein E Cognitive dysfunction

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Relationship between clinical belonging,professional identity,and nursing information ability among nursing interns:Model construction

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第13期12卷 2210-2217页

作者： Gai zhang Shao-juan Huang shu-Fang Li Department of Nursing Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineFoshan 528000Guangdong ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Clinical belonging refers to the feeling that clinical medical staff feel recognized and accepted by others or *** level of clinical belonging of nursing interns affects students’learning motivation and confidence,which in turn affects their clinical practice *** To explore the effects of professional identity and nursing information ability on clinical belonging among nursing interns and establish a relationship model for these *** The researchers used the convenience sampling method to select 682 nursing interns from *** survey was conducted using a general information questionnaire,clinical sense of belonging scale,nursing information ability self-assessment scale,and a nursing student professional identity *** mediating effect of nursing information ability between their professional identity and clinical sense of belonging was analyzed using SPSS 21.0 and the path analysis in structural equation *** The total scores of clinical belonging,professional identity,and nursing information ability of nursing interns were(104.29±13.11)points,(57.89±7.16)points,and(70.29±6.20)points,*** information ability had a direct effect on the clinical sense of belonging(effect value=0.46,P<0.05).Occupational identity had a direct effect(effect value=0.52,P<0.05)and an indirect effect(effect value=0.21,P<0.05)on clinical *** Nursing administrators in nursing colleges and hospitals should take effective measures to improve the professional identity and nursing information ability of nursing interns,as well as the clinical sense of belonging among nursing interns.

关键词： Belongingness Nursing Education Undergraduate Information literacy Models

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Diagnostic and therapeutic value of thoracoscopy for pleural effusions： experience from 628 consecutive cases in China

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Chinese Medical Journal 2009年第10期122卷 1227-1230页

作者： JIANG shu-juan zhang Song SU Li-li LIU Yi Department of Respiratory Diseases Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University Jinan Shandong 250021 China

Pleural effusions, the excessive accumulations of fluid in pleural space, are frequently associated with a variety of clinical diseases, such as cancer, tuberculosis, pneumonia, etc. This means that both malignant and benign diseases can cause pleural effusions. Therefore, it is essential for clinicians to determine the etiology prior to the treatment of patients with pleural effusions.

关键词： thoracoscopy pleural effusion etiology diagnosis

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Room-temperature Self-healing and Recyclable PDMS Elastomers with Superior Mechanical Properties for Triboelectric Nanogenerators

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2024年第10期42卷 1566-1577,I0014页

作者： shu-juan Wang Lu Wang Hong-Zhe Su Zhi-Cheng Wu Qiao-Gen zhang Wei Fan Xin-Li Jing School of Chemistry Joint Innovation Center of Thermal Protection MaterialsXi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an710049China School of Electrical Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an710049China School of Textile Science and Engineering Xi’an Polytechnic UniversityXi’an710048China

Polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)is an electron-withdrawing material that is widely used in triboelectric nanogenerators(TENGs).However,PDMS has poor mechanical properties after curing and is easily damaged when subjected to long-term ***,the long-term stable operation of TENGs under mechanical deformation cannot be *** this work,multiple hydrogen bonds and aromatic disulfide bonds were introduced into PDMS *** elastomers exhibited high toughness(a tensile strength of 1.91 MPa and an elongation at break of 340%),good recyclability,and room-temperature self-healing properties(healing efficiency of 96.4%in 24 h).Recyclable sandwich-like triboelectric nanogenerators with excellent electrical output performance(13.5 V)and room-temperature self-healing performance(24 h,98%recovery of self-generating performance)were prepared by utilizing the hydrogen bonding between the PDMS elastomer and *** work reported herein offers theoretical guidance and a compelling strategy for developing high-performance TENG negative friction layers.

关键词： Polydimethylsiloxane Aromatic disulfide bonds Hydrogen bonds Room temperature self-healing Triboelectric nanogenerator

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Ultra-high-rate Bi anode encapsulated in 3D lignin-derived carbon framework for sodium-ion hybrid capacitors

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Rare Metals 2024年第3期43卷 1037-1047页

作者： Ze-Hua Lin Xue-Qing Qiu Xi-Hong Zu Xiao-Shan zhang Lei Zhong Shi-Rong Sun shu-Hua Hao Ying-juan Sun Wen-Li zhang School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry Guangdong University of Technology(GDUT)Guangzhou510006China Jieyang Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Rongjiang Laboratory) Jieyang515200China School of Advanced Manufacturing Institute of Green Chemistry and Advanced MaterialsGuangdong University of TechnologyJieyang515200China

Bismuth(Bi),as an alloy-based anode material,has attracted much atte ntion in the developme nt of sodiumion hybrid capacitors(SIHCs)due to its high theoretical ***,the volume expansion of the Bi-based anode during the sodiation/desodiation process results in limited rate *** the present work,a porous Bi-based composite was constructed by a one-step hydrothermal method,and Bi was encapsulated in ligninderived nitrogen-doped porous carbon(Bi@LNPC)after *** obtained Bi nanoparticles could effectively adapt to the strain and shorten the diffusion distance of Na^(+).In addition,porous carbon skeleton provides a rigid conductive network for electronic ***,the assembled sodium-ion half-cell with Bi@LNPC anode shows ultra-high-rate *** the current density was enhanced from 0.1 to 50 A·g^(-1),the specific capacity decreased slightly from 351.5 to 342.8 mAh·g^(-1).Even at an extremely high current density of 200 A·g^(-1),it retains 81.3%capacity retention when compared to a current density of 1 A·g^(-1).The SIHCs assembled by Bi@LNPC show a high energy density of 63 Wh·kg^(-1).This work provides an effective method for developing high-rate Bi anode materials for sodium-ion hybrid capacitors(SIHCs)and sodium-ion batteries(SIBs).

关键词： Bismuth Lignin Sodium-ion batteries Sodium-ion hybrid capacitors Rate Porous carbon

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Fully distributed dynamic event-triggered formation-containment tracking for multiagent systems with multiple types of disturbances

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第1期67卷 168-186页

作者： Weihua LI Huaguang zhang juan zhang Rui WANG College of Information Science and Engineering Northeastern University State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries Northeastern University

This paper is dedicated to addressing the time-varying output formation-containment tracking(TVOFCT) problem for heterogeneous linear multiagent systems(MASs) with multiple types of disturbances under directed communication *** agents are divided into tracking leaders,formation leaders,and *** the output space,the formation leaders are required to form an expected geometric formation while tracking the tracking leader,and the followers are required to enter the convex hull spanned by formation ***,a disturbance observer is designed to observe the disturbance with deterministic ***,by combining adaptive technology with event-triggered technology,an independent fully distributed dynamic event-triggered(FDDET) compensator is designed to estimate the state of the tracking *** main advantages of this compensator lie in the following three aspects:(1) the adaptive weight does not increase unboundedly;(2) the interval time between events is expanded;(3) the design does not rely on any global *** to the design of this compensator,an independent FDDET convex hull observer is further designed to observe the convex hull spanned by formation ***,based on the designed disturbance observer,compensator,and convex hull observer,the adaptive disturbance rejection control input which can make the MASs achieve TVOFCT is ***,a numerical simulation is provided to clearly verify the validity of the theoretical results.

关键词： formation-containment tracking disturbance rejection multiagent systems fully distributed control dynamic event-triggered control

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Discovery of the choristodere Hyphalosaurus baitaigouensis from the Lower Cretaceous Jiufotang Formation of western Liaoning,China and its paleobiogeographic significance

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2024年第3期13卷 547-562页

作者： Li-Jun zhang shu-An Ji Hai-Chun zhang South China Sea Culture Museum Hainan Tropical Ocean UniversitySanya 572022Hainan ProvinceChina Key Laboratory of Stratigraphy and Paleontology Ministry of Natural ResourcesInstitute of GeologyChinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijing 100037China State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology and Center for Excellence in Life and PaleoenvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008Jiangsu ProvinceChina

The water-living reptile genus Hyphalosaurus was previously discovered in the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation bearing the middle Jehol Biota in western Liaoning,*** complete skeletons of Hyphalosaurus are reported for the first time from the Jiufotang Formation bearing the late Jehol Biota at two sites in western *** show the typical characteristics of Hyphalosaurus baitaigouensis in terms of the contact between some cranial bones and the number of cervical and dorsal vertebrae,and therefore are assigned to *** discovery extends the stratigraphic range of this species from the Yixian Formation to the overlying Jiufotang *** paper further briefly compares the main characteristics of the two skeletons,summarizes the temporal and spatial distribution of Hyphalosaurus,and discusses the palaeogeographic evolution of western Liaoning at the middle and late Jehol Biota stages based on the aquatic habits of Hyphalosaurus and the geological background of western *** analytical results show that the volcanic downwarped lakes,with distinct geographical divisions in western Liaoning during the deposition of the Yixian Formation,had not completely disappeared till the deposition of the Jiufotang *** palaeo-lake in the Fuxin-Yixian Basin underwent the process of generation,expansion and shrinkage during the depositional period of the Yixian Formation and finally merged into a large *** palaeo-Dalinghe River,which connected the main basins in western Liaoning during the depositional period of the Jiufotang Formation,was formed simultaneously.

关键词： Western liaoning Jehol biota Jiufotang formation Hyphalosaurus baitaigouensis Palaeobiogeography

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