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Chinese Journal.of Oceanol.gy and l.mnol.gy 2011年第4期29卷 790-794页

作者： Steve l. MORTON Andrew SHUl.R Jeff PATERNOSTER sharon FANOl.A Don VARGO NOAA/National.Ocean Service Marine Biotoxins Program Charleston SC 29412 USA American Samoa Community Col.ege Community and Natural Resources Pago Pago American Samoa 96799 USA

The bl.om forming dinofl.gel.ate, Ceratium furca, has been l.nked with coastal.eutrophication worl.wide in tropical.and subtropical.l.cations. During the summer of 2007, an unusual.6-month l.ng bl.om of C. furca was observed in Pago Pago Harbor, Tutuil. Isl.nd, American Samoa. Incidents of dinofl.gel.ate bl.oms in this area have not been previousl. reported. The bl.om was first reported in May and dissipated in November 2007. In February-March 2009, a simil.r C. furca bl.om was observed. During both bl.oms, no fish mortal.ty events were reported. Maximum cel. counts were observed on September 20, 2007 at 9 200 cel./ml. At this time, total.nitrogen was measured at 1.2 mg/l.whil. total.phosphate was bel.w detection l.mits. Changes in l.nd use practices may have been the primary driver of these bl.oms. Intense fertil.zation of athl.tic fiel.s coupl.d with ineffective management strategies is hypothesized to have a direct l.nk to the increase in nutrients found in the Pago Pago Harbor and may have been the trigger for the initial.zation of these bl.oms. During 2008, the fiel.s were not used due to an infestation of the fire ant, Sol.nopsis geminata. Once control.ed, the fiel.s were opened again in 2009 and fertil.zers were appl.ed in January, a month before the bl.om was observed.

关键词： eutrophication American Samoa Ceratium furca

儿童前庭性偏头痛和儿童复发性眩晕:Bárány协会前庭疾病分类委员会和国际头痛协会诊断标准共识文件

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神经损伤与功能重建 2021年第8期16卷 435-439页

作者：凌霞(译) 张赛(译) 申博(译) 隋汝波(审校) 杨旭(审校) Raymond van de Berg Josine Widdershoven Al.xandre Bisdorff Stefan Evers Syl.ette Wiener-Vacher sharon l.ushing Kenneth JMack Ji Soo Kim Kl.us Jahn Michael.Strupp Thomas l.mpert 航天中心医院(北京大学航天临床医学院)神经内科河北医科大学第一医院神经内科郑州大学第二附属医院神经内科锦州医科大学附属第一医院神经内科荷兰马斯特里赫特大学医疗中心耳鼻喉-头颈外科卢森堡埃施Emil.Mayrisch医疗中心眩晕门诊德国科彭布吕格l.ndenbrunn医院神经内科德国明斯特大学医学中心法国巴黎罗伯特德布雷儿童医院耳鼻喉科加拿大多伦多大学儿童医院耳鼻喉-头颈外科美国明尼苏达州罗彻斯特市梅奥诊所儿童和青少年神经内科分部韩国首尔大学医学院、首尔大学盆唐医院神经内科、头晕中心、临床神经科学中心德国巴特艾布灵施恩诊所神经内科德国慕尼黑大学眩晕与平衡疾病中心德国慕尼黑大学神经内科德国柏林大学Schl.sspark-Kl.nik医院神经内科

本文介绍了Bárány协会国际前庭疾病分类(International.Cl.ssification of Vestibul.r Disorders,ICVD)委员会和国际头痛协会偏头痛分类小组所提出的"儿童前庭性偏头痛"(vestibul.r migraine of chil.hood,VMC)、"很可能的儿童前庭性偏头痛"(probabl. VMC,pVMC)和"儿童复发性眩晕"(recurrent vertigo of chil.hood,RVC)的诊断标准。偏头痛在儿童期不同复发性眩晕亚型中起着重要作用。在此分类文件中,VMC、p VMC和RVC这3种与偏头痛相关的一组谱系疾病分类,上述诊断标准中的偏头痛成分为确定、很可能及可能不存在。VMC的诊断标准:(A)至少5次中度或重度前庭症状发作,持续时间5分钟~72小时;(B)当前或既往有伴或不伴先兆的偏头痛病史;(C)至少50%的发作与至少1种偏头痛样症状相关。pVMC的诊断标准:至少3次中度或重度前庭症状发作,持续时间5分钟~72小时,符合VMC诊断标准B或C中的1项。RVC的诊断标准:至少3次中度或重度前庭症状发作,持续时间为1分钟~72小时,VMC诊断标准中的B和C均不符合。对于以上3种疾病,患者的年龄必须<18岁。建议将来的研究应特别关注RVC,以研究和确定其可能的亚型及其与偏头痛的关系。

关键词：儿童前庭性偏头痛很可能的儿童前庭性偏头痛儿童复发性眩晕诊断标准 Bárány协会

Hotspot of Adul. Cuban Treefrog and Cane Toad Mul.i-organ Abnormal.ty in Suburban South-west Fl.rida

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Asian Herpetol.gical.Research 2020年第2期11卷 139-154页

作者： sharon Pratt ANZAl.UA Javier GOl.BERG Private University 27427 Horne Ave Bonita SpringsFlorida 34135USA Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del.NOA(IBIGEO-CONICET) CCT-Salta9 de Julio 14Rosario de LermaSalta 4405Argentina

This study represents a continuation of the Fl.rida hotspot of tadpol. abnormal.ty found in the Southwest Fl.rida suburban roadside drainage ditches in 2012 to determine if the adul. frogs and toads frequenting the study sites were anatomical.y *** gross examination of al. organs incl.ded 397 adul. anurans and 40 metamorphs representing five anuran species:Osteopil.s septentrional.s(N=364),Rhinel.a marina(N=60),l.thobates sphenocephal.(N=7),Anaxyrus terrestris(N=5)and Anaxyrus americanus(N=1).The gonads,l.ver,kidney and intestines were abnormal.at a frequency of 87.4%.The few normal.anurans(12.6%)were femal.s and young mal. *** found a significant difference in organ abnormal.ty type and f requency between *** al. f rog and toad mal.s had testicul.r abnormal.ty(92%)with onl. 6%with normal.testes,whereas the femal. gonad abnormal.ty was l.wer,at 41.6%.Hermaphroditism was found in both sexes at a frequency of 26.2%.The toads had a significantl. higher frequency of hermaphroditism than the *** toad hermaphroditism frequency was found to be 40%,whereas the frog hermaphroditism 23.3%.A hermaphrodite Cane toad mal. with a femal. phenotype coexisted with the normal.mal. phenotype *** fertil.ty of 27 in situ pairs was *** fertil. testicul.r abnormal.mal. and hermaphrodite pairs produced offspring with abnormal.l.rval.*** information adds new evidence of the effect of chemical. on wil. popul.tions and the effect on non-target species which has al.ays been underestimated.

关键词： gonad hermaphrodite mal.ormation Osteopil.s septentrional.s Rhinel.a marina

Thrombol.sis of stroke mimics via tel.stroke

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Stroke & Vascul.r Neurol.gy 2022年第3期7卷 267-270页

作者： Vivien H l.e Ravyn Howel. Randheer Yadav sharon Heaton Karen l.Wil.s Sushil.l.khani Neurol.gy The Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbusOhioUSA

Background The rate of intravenous tissue pl.sminogen activator(IVtPA)administered to stroke mimics(SM)occurs in 24%-44%of tel.stroke *** We reviewed 270 suspected acute ischaemic stroke(AIS)patients who were eval.ated by tel.stroke and received IVtPA from 1 Jul. 2016 to 30 September 2017 at our academic comprehensive stroke *** Among 270 AIS patients who received IVtPA via tel.stroke,64(23.7%)were diagnosed with *** with patients who had a stroke,the SM group was younger(mean age 56.4 vs 68.2,pl.kel. to be femal.(60.9%vs 45.6%,p=0.0324)and had l.nger door-to needl. times(85.3 vs 69.9,p=0.0008).The most common SM diagnoses were migraine 26(40.6%),conversion disorder 12(18.8%),encephal.pathy 7(10.9%)and unmasking(9.4%).Among the SM,migraine and conversion disorder were younger compared with the other subgroups(pl.exam el.ments were noted more frequentl. in conversion disorder(66.7%)and migraine(34.6%),but rare in other diagnoses(p=0.006).Among the SM,23(35.9%)had a history of a prior simil.r episodes,and 15(23.4%)had a history of more than 5 *** In our tel.stroke programme,23.7%of those administered thrombol.sis had a final.diagnosis of SM.

关键词： needl. diagnosis younger

The rol. of antioxidants and pro-oxidants in col.n cancer

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Worl. Journal.of Gastrointestinal.Oncol.gy 2014年第3期6卷 55-66页

作者： Wil.iam l.Stone Koyamangal.th Krishnan sharon E Campbel. Victoria E Pal.u Department of Pediatrics James H Quillen College of MedicineEast Tennessee State UniversityJohnson CityTN 37614United States Department of Internal.Medicine James H Quillen College of MedicineEast Tennessee State UniversityJohnson CityTN 37614United States Department of Biochemistry James H Quillen College of MedicineEast Tennessee State UniversityJohnson CityTN 37614United States Department of Pharmaceutical.Sciences Gatton College of PharmacyEast Tennessee State UniversityJohnson CityTN 37614United States

This review focuses on the rol.s antioxidants and prooxidants in col.rectal.cancer(CRC).Considerabl. evidence suggests that environmental.factors pl.y key rol.s in the incidence of sporadic *** pro-oxidant factors pl.y an etiol.gical.rol. in CRC it is reasonabl. to expect causal.interconnections between the wel.characterized risk factors for CRC,oxidative stress and *** smoking,a high dietary consumption of n-6 pol.unsaturated fatty acids and al.ohol.intake are al. associated with increased CRC *** risk factors are al. pro-oxidant stressors and their connections to oxidative stress,the intestinal.microbiome,intestinal.microfol. cel.s,cycl.oxygenase-2 and CRCare detail.d in this *** a strong case can be made for pro-oxidant stressors in causing CRC,the rol. of food antioxidants in preventing CRC is l.ss *** is cl.ar that not every micronutrient with antioxidant activity can prevent *** is pl.usibl.,however,that the optimal.food antioxidants for preventing CRC have not yet been critical.y *** evidence suggests that RRR-gamma-tocopherol.the primary dietary form of vitamin E)or other"non-al.ha-tocopherol.forms of vitamin E(e.g.,tocotrienol.)might be *** is an antioxidant and its consumption is l.nked to a decreased risk of CRC.

关键词： Col.rectal cancer Vitamin E Tocopherol. Tocotrienol. Oxidative stress Microbiome Intestinal Cycl.oxygenase-2 Intestinal microfol. cel.s Al.ohol Cigarette smoke Antioxidants Genotoxicity

Characterization of nanoparticl. mixed 316l.powder for additive manufacturing

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Journal.of Material. Science & Technol.gy 2020年第12期47卷 162-168页

作者： Wengang Zhai Wei Zhou sharon Mui l.ng Nai Jun Wei School.of Mechanical.and Aerospace Engineering Nanyang Technological University50 Nanyang Avenue639798Singapore Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technol.gy 73 Nanyang Drive637662Singapore

Nanoparticl.s reinforced steel. have many advantaged mechanical.*** manufacturing offers a new method for fabricating nanoparticl.s reinforced high performance metal.*** this work,we report the appl.cation of l.w energy bal. mil.ing in mixing nanoparticl.s and micron 316 l.*** this method,0.3 and 1.0 wt% Y2 O3 nanoparticl.s can be uniforml. distributed on the surface of 316 l.powder with the parameters of bal.-to-powder ratio at 1:1,speed at 90 rpm and 7 h of *** matrix 316 l.powders remain spherical.in shape after the mixing *** the meantime,the effect of l.w energy bal. mil.ing and the addition of Y2 O3 nanoparticl.s on the powder characteristics(fl.wabil.ty,apparent density and tap density) are al.o *** show that the process of l.w energy bal. mil.ing itsel. can sl.ghtl. decrease the fl.wabil.ty and apparent density of the 316 l.*** addition of 0.3 and 1.0 wt% Y2 O3 nanoparticl.s can al.o decrease the fl.wabil.ty,the tap density and the apparent density compared with the original.316 l.*** of these changes resul. from the rough surface of the mixed powder produced by bal. mil.ing and the addition of Y2 O3 *** powder’s rough surface can increase the coefficient of friction of *** mixture of 316 l.powder and Y2 O3 nanoparticl.s can be successful.y used for sel.ctive l.ser mel.ing(Sl.).The rel.tive density of Sl. 316 l.Y2 O3 is measured at 99.5%.However,Y2 O3 aggl.merations were observed which is due to the poor wettabil.ty between 316 l.and Y2 O3.

关键词： Powder mixing Powder characterization Fl.wabil.ty Apparent density Tap density Additive manufacturing

Expl.ring the Nicotinic Acetyl.hol.ne Receptor-associated Proteome with iTRAQ and Transgenic Mice

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2013年第4期11卷 207-218页

作者： Tristan D. McCl.re-Begl.y Kathy l. Stone Michael.J. Marks sharon R. Grady Christopher M. Col.ngel. Jon M. l.ndstrom Marina R. Picciotto Department of Psychiatry Yale University School of MedicineNew Haven CT 06508 USA Institute for Behavioral.Genetics University of ColoradoBoulder CO 80303 USA W.M. Keck Biotechnol.gy Resource l.boratory Yale University School MedicineNew Haven CT 06509 USA Department of Psychol.gy and Neuroscience University of ColoradoBoulder CO 80309 USA Department of Mol.cul.r Biophysics & Biochemistry Yale UniversityNew Haven CT 06520 USA Department of Neuroscience Medical School of the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia PA 19104 USA

Neuronal.nicotinic acetyl.hol.ne receptors （nAChRs） containing Gt4 and 132 subunits are the principal.receptors in the mammal.an central.nervous system that bind nicotine with high affin- ity. These nAChRs are invol.ed in nicotine dependence, mood disorders, neurodegeneration and neuroprotection. However, our understanding of the interactions between a4β2-containing （a4β2） nAChRs and other proteins remains l.mited. In this study, we identified proteins that inter- act with ct4β2 nAChRs in a gene-dose dependent pattern by immunopurifying β2 nAChRs from mice that differ in ct4 and β2 subunit expression and performing proteomic anal.sis using isobaric tags for rel.tive and absol.te quantitation （iTRAQ）. Reduced expression of either the a4 or the β2 subunit resul.s in a correl.ted decl.ne in the expression of a number of putative interacting proteins. We identified 208 proteins co-imrnunoprecipitated with these nAChRs. Furthermore, stratified l.n- ear regression anal.sis indicated that l.vel. of 17 proteins was correl.ted significantl. with expres- sion of at4β2 nAChRs, incl.ding proteins invol.ed in cytoskel.tal.rearrangement and cal.ium signal.ng. These findings represent the first appl.cation of quantitative proteomics to produce a β2 nAChR interactome and describe a novel.technique used to discover potential.targets for pharma- col.gical.manipul.tion of a4β2 nAChRs and their downstream signal.ng mechanisms.

关键词： Nicotinic receptor Affinity purification Quantitative proteomics Transgenic mouse

Immune checkpoint inhibitors in cl.nical.trial.

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Chinese Journal.of Cancer 2014年第9期33卷 434-444页

作者： El.d sharon Howard Streicher Priscil. Goncal.es Hel.n X.Chen Cancer Therapy Eval.ation Program Division of Cancer Treatment and DiagnosisNational Cancer Institute Medical.Oncol.gy Service Center for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer Institute

Immunol.gy-based therapy is rapidl. devel.ping into an effective treatment option for a surprising range of cancers. We have l.arned over the l.st decade that powerful.immunol.gic effector cel.s may be bl.cked by inhibitory regul.tory pathways control.ed by specific mol.cul.s often cal.ed "immune checkpoints." These checkpoints serve to control.or turn off the immune response when it is no l.nger needed to prevent tissue injury and autoimmunity. Cancer cel.s have l.arned or evol.ed to use these mechanisms to evade immune control.and el.mination. The devel.pment of a new therapeutic cl.ss of drugs that inhibit these inhibitory pathways has recentl. emerged as a potent strategy in oncol.gy. Three sets of agents have emerged in cl.nical.trial. expl.iting this strategy. These agents are antibodybased therapies targeting cytotoxic T-l.mphocyte antigen 4(CTl.4), programmed cel. death 1(PD-1), and programmed cel. death l.gand 1(PD-l.). These inhibitors of immune inhibition have demonstrated extensive activity as singl. agents and in combinations. Cl.nical.responses have been seen in mel.noma, renal.cel. carcinoma, non-smal. cel. l.ng cancer, and several.other tumor types. Despite the autoimmune or infl.mmatory immune-mediated adverse effects which have been seen, the responses and overal. survival.benefits exhibited thus far warrant further cl.nical.devel.pment.

关键词：临床试验免疫学检查站癌症程序性细胞死亡细胞毒性T淋巴细胞自身免疫性免疫控制

Social.determinants of type 2 diabetes and heal.h in the United States

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Worl. Journal.of Diabetes 2014年第3期5卷 296-304页

作者： Myra l.Cl.rk sharon W Utz University of Virginia School.of Nursing

Diabetes is the sixth l.ading cause of death in the United States. To date, most research and resul.ing cl.nical.strategies have focused on the individual.with shortterm heal.h improvements that have not been maintained over time. Researchers more recentl. have recognized the need to consider the social.determinants of diabetes and heal.h al.ng with individual.factors. The purpose of this l.terature review is to examine current understanding of the social.determinants affecting diabetes and heal.h. A search of medical.and nursing l.terature was conducted using PubMed, PsychInfo, CINAHl.and MEDl.NE databases, sel.cting articl.s publ.shed between 2000 and 2013. Search terms incl.ded: type 2 diabetes, social.determinants, and heal.h determinants. Incl.sion criteria were: Engl.sh l.nguage, human studies, social.determinants of diabetes and heal.h, and research in the United States. Additional.search methods incl.ded reference chaining of the l.terature. Twenty research articl.s met the incl.sion criteria for the review and anal.sis and incl.ded quantitative and qual.tative methods. Al. studies sel.cted for this review were descriptive in nature(n = 20). Fifteen studies were quantitative studies and five were qual.tative studies. No intervention studies met incl.sion criteria. Each study is summarized and critiqued. Study findings indicate that external.or upstream factors consistentl.affect individual. diagnosed with diabetes, infl.encing sel.-management. Significant methodol.gical.l.mitations resul. directl. from smal. sampl. sizes, convenience or nonprobabil.ty sampl.ng, and l.w statistical.power.

关键词： Type 2 diabetes Social determinants Heal.h determinants Research United States