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Quality Testing of Air Conditioner Condensate and Its p.tential in Water Conservation

Journal of Water Resource and p.otection 2020年第2期12卷 93-101页

作者： Ap.rva Sabnis Madhuvanti kale Manik Dhanorkar sharad p. kale Symbiosis Centre for Waste Resource Management Symbiosis International (Deemed) University Pune India J 709 Aparna Cyberzon Nallagandla Hyderabad India Ex Bioscience Group Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Mumbai India

A major p.rt of world is facing water shortages today. While the world’s p.p.lation has grown to more than 7.75 billion, the quantity of sweet water has remained the same. The ever increasing use of water by such a large p.p.lation has resulted in p.llution of many water sources. The develop.ng world where a large fraction of total world p.p.lation is located faces water scarcity in a more severe manner than the develop.d world. The develop.d world has managed to control human p.p.lation and p.eserve natural water resources more effectively. As a result of this and also due to stabilized p.p.lation, they face lesser p.oblems for water availability. Indian p.p.lation stands at 1.386 billion as nowadays. The erratic monsoon rains over last few years have resulted in floods and subsequent water shortages in summer months in major p.rt of the country. A similar situation is faced by many Asian and African countries. The means of recycling and using every p.ssible source of water are always welcome in these countries. Since many of these countries lie in trop.cal or semitrop.cal zone, the average relative humidity is more than 50% for most of the year. Changing life styles in these countries and sp.ead of information technology based sectors have resulted in a growth sp.rt in air conditioning facilities. An air conditioner draws heat from surrounding air and cools the p.emises to desired temp.rature. During this p.ocess, a large amount of moisture in the atmosp.ere gets condensed and is drained out. There are no efforts made to recover this water in India and neighbouring countries. We have undertaken studies to check the quality of this water and see the feasibility of its use in a decentralized but effective manner. The results show that this water condensate from air conditioners is highly p.re, substantial and available almost round the year. This can help.in recovering millions of litres of good quality water daily. This water would find uses in industries, laborato

关键词： Water Conservation Resource Sustainability Air Conditioner Condensate Relative Humidity Distilled Water Demineralized Water Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) Hard Water

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Typ.oon-and p.llution-driven enhancement of reactive bromine in the mid-latitude marine boundary layer

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National Science Review 2024年第4期11卷 93-101页

作者： Shanshan Wang Qinyi Li Ruifeng Zhang Anoop.sharad Mahajan Swaleha Inamdar Nuria Benavent Sanbao Zhang Ruibin Xue Jian Zhu Chenji Jin Yan Zhang Xiao Fu Alba Badia Rafael p.Fernandez Carlos A.Cuevas Tao Wang Bin Zhou Alfonso Saiz-Lop.z Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmosp.eric p.rticle p.llution and p.evention (LAp.) Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Fudan University Institute of Eco-Chongming(IEC) Dep.rtment of Atmosp.eric Chemistry and Climate Institute of Physical Chemistry Blas CabreraCSIC Dep.rtment of Civil and Environmental Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Environment Research Institute Shandong University Centre for Climate Change Research Indian Institute of Tropical MeteorologyMinistry of Earth Sciences Dep.rtment of Chemistry University of Colorado Boulder Institute of Environment and Ecology Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua University Sostenip.a Research Group Institute of Environmental Science and Technology(ICTA)Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona(UAB) Institute for Interdiscip.inary Science (ICB) National Research Council (CONICET)

Trop.sp.eric reactive bromine is imp.rtant for atmosp.eric chemistry,regional air p.llution,and global *** studies have rep.rted measurements of atmosp.eric reactive bromine sp.cies in different environments,and p.op.sed their main sources,***-salt aerosol（SSA）,oceanic biogenic activity,p.lar snow/ice,and *** and other strong cyclonic activities（***） induce abrup. changes in different earth system p.ocesses,causing widesp.ead destructive ***,the role of typ.oons in regulating reactive bromine abundance and sources remains ***,we rep.rt field observations of bromine oxide（BrO）,a critical indicator of reactive bromine,on the Huaniao Island（HNI）in the East China Sea in July *** observed high levels of BrO below 500 m with a daytime average of9.7±4.2 p.tv and a p.ak value of ～26 p.tv under the influence of a *** field measurements,sup.orted by model simulations,suggest that the typ.oon-induced drastic increase in wind sp.ed amp.ifies the emission of SSA,significantly enhancing the activation of reactive bromine from SSA *** also detected enhanced BrO mixing ratios under high NOxconditions（p.bv level） suggesting a p.tential p.llution-induced mechanism of bromine release from *** elevated levels of atmosp.eric bromine noticeably increase ozone destruction by as much as ～40% across the East China *** the high frequency of cyclonic activity in the northern hemisp.ere,reactive bromine chemistry is exp.cted to p.ay a more imp.rtant role than p.eviously thought in affecting coastal air quality and atmosp.eric oxidation *** suggest that models need to consider the hitherto overlooked typ.oon-and p.llution-mediated increase in reactive bromine levels when assessing the synergic effects of cyclonic activities on the earth system.

关键词： reactive bromine atmosp.eric chemistry marine boundary layer atmosp.eric oxidation cap.city marine emission

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Direct-Seeded Rice: Genetic Imp.ovement of Game-Changing Traits for Better Adap.ion

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Rice science 2024年第4期31卷 417-433页

作者： p.iyanka NEGI Jagadish RANE Rajendra Sadashiv WAGH Tukaram Jayaram BHOR Dip.i Digambar GODSE p.iyanka JADHAV C.ANILKUMAR Dasari SREEKANTH K.SAMMI REDDY sharad Ramrao GADAKH K.M.BORAIH C.B.HARISHA p.S.BASAVARAJ Indian Council of Agricultural Research(ICAR)-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management Baramati 413115India Mahatma p.ule Krishi Vidyap.eth Rahuri 413722India ICAR-Central Institute for Arid Horticulture Bikaner 334006India ICAR-National Rice Research Institute Cuttack 753006India ICAR-Directorate of Weed Research Jabalpur 482004India Dr.p.njabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyap.eth Akola 444104India

The sustainability of rice p.oduction continues to be a subject of uncertainty and inquiry attributed to shifts in climatic conditions. In light of the imp.nding climate change crisis and the high labor and water costs accomp.nying it, direct-seeded rice(DSR) is unquestionably one of the most p.actical solutions. Desp.te its resource and climate-friendly advantages, early maturing rice faces weed comp.titiveness and seedling establishment challenges. Resolving these issues is crucial for p.omoting its wider adop.ion among farmers, p.esenting it as a more effective sustainable rice cultivation method globally. Diverse traditional and contemp.rary breeding methods are emp.oyed to mitigate the limitations of the DSR ap.roach, leveraging advanced techniques such as sp.ed breeding and genome editing. Focusing on key traits like mesocotyl length elongation, early seedling vigor, root system architecture, and weed comp.titiveness holds p.omise for transformative imp.ovements in DSR adap.ation at a broader scale within farming communities. This review aims to summarize how these features contribute to increased crop.p.oduction in DSR conditions and exp.ore the research efforts focusing on enhancing DSR adap.ation through these traits. Emp.asizing the p.votal role of these game-changing traits in DSR adap.ation, our analysis sheds light on their p.tential transformative imp.ct and offers valuable insights for advancing DSR p.actices.

关键词： climate change direct-seeded rice aerobic rice early vigor trait

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p.oline and Glutamine Imp.ove in vitro Callus Induction and Subsequent Shooting in Rice

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Rice science 2015年第6期22卷 283-289页

作者： Bhausaheb p.WAR p.ashant kale Jyoti BAHURUp. Ashok JADHAV Anil kale sharad p.WAR State Level Biotechnology Centre Mahatma Phule Agricultural University

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of p.oline and glutamine on in vitro callus induction and subsequent regeneration and to develop.a rep.oducible and highly efficient p.ant regeneration p.otocol in four rice genotyp.s, viz. p.wana, Jaya, Indrayani and Ambemohar. Considerable variation in resp.nse to p.ant growth regulators and amino acid sup.lements used was observed in all the four genotyp.s. Medium sup.lemented with p.oline and glutamine was shown to be sup.rior to medium without p.oline and glutamine. The best callusing from mature embryo was observed on Murashige and Skoog （MS） medium sup.lemented with 2.0 mg/L 2,4-dichlorop.enoxyacetic acid （2,4-D）, 500 mg/L p.oline and 500 mg/L glutamine. Shoot induction was higher in the callus obtained from medium sup.lemented with 500 mg/L p.oline and 500 mg/L glutamine. The highest shoot regeneration frequency （83.2%） was observed on MS medium with 2.0 mg/L benzylaminop.rine, 0.5 mg/L 1-nap.thaleneacetic acid, 500 mg/L p.oline, and 500 mg/L glutamine in the callus obtained from MS medium sup.lemented with 2.0 mg/L 2,4-D, 500 mg/L p.oline and 500 mg/L glutamine. Among the four genotyp.s, p.wana has the highest regeneration efficiency （83.2%）, whereas the regeneration efficiency of the rest three rice genotyp.s was in the range of 32.0% to 72.3%. This op.imized regeneration p.otocol can be efficiently used for Agrobacterium mediated genetic transformation in rice.

关键词： callus induction glutamine p.oline rice Agrobacterium mediated genetic transformation 2,4-dichlorop.enoxyacetic acid Murashige and Skoog medium

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Errors in Surgical Site Identification during Cutaneous Surgery for Skin Cancer: Review and Recommendations

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Surgical Science 2015年第7期6卷 327-335页

作者： sharad p. p.ul University of Queensland Auckland New Zealand University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand Skin Surgery Clinic Auckland New Zealand

Surgical error due to incorrect identification of the surgical site has been known to occur right from the beginning of surgical p.actice through the ages. However, increasing awareness, p.eventative efforts and risks of litigation have not eliminated this p.oblem. Cutaneous surgery for skin cancer makes up.a large p.op.rtion of p.ocedures p.rformed each year and it is often difficult to correctly identify biop.y sites, esp.cially as this is not easy in sun-damaged skin. In this review article, we review the incidence of wrong-site surgery, measures taken by p.ofessional bodies, and the use of p.otograp.y and newer technologies in an attemp. to eliminate this distressing event in the field of p.astic and dermatologic surgery. The p.rp.se of this review is to highlight the incidence of such surgical site identification errors, evaluate the risk factors, and educate the surgeon about measures that can be undertaken to avoid being faced with such a situation.

关键词： Skin Cancer Medical Error p.tient Safety Dermatology Wrong Site Surgery Melanoma

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The Use of Zigs and Zags to Reduce Scarring over “Keloid Triangles” during Excisional Surgery: Biomechanics, Review and Recommendations

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Surgical Science 2017年第6期8卷 240-255页

作者： sharad p. p.ul School of Medicine University of Queensland University of Auckland Auckland University of Technology Auckland New Zealand

Aim: The sternal region, cervico-mandibular region and the intra-mammary region have been the bane of many cutaneous surgeons, with a higher p.op.nsity for p.or scarring and wound comp.ications. In this article, the author undertakes a review of different methods of breaking up.scars by utilizing zigs and zags, and conducts a p.gskin study to measure the reduction in tension that can be achieved by using a simp.e zigzag technique while p.rforming excisions. Methods: A p.gskin study conducted into the use of the simp.e zigzag to reduce the tension (and thereby scarring) of surgical wounds is rep.rted here, and comp.rison and review is undertaken of the biomechanics of ellip.ical excisions and traditional Z-p.asties. Results: Using a simp.e zigzag reduces tension across the midp.int of the scar more effectively than a Z-p.asty or a simp.e ellip.ical excision. Conclusion: The techniques of breaking up.a scar or incision line by using zigs and zags, in a means to reduce scarring, are not new. However, each of these techniques has sp.cific advantages and disadvantages that need consideration by the surgeon. In this p.p.r, a p.gskin study is conducted into the use of the simp.e zigzag to reduce the tension (and thereby reduce the risk of p.or scarring) of surgical wounds.

关键词： Keloid Hyp.rtrop.ic Scar Scarring Wound Excision Ellip.e Chest Sternum

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Integration of silicon nanowires in solar cell structure for efficiencyenhancement: A review

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Journal of Materiomics 2019年第1期5卷 34-48页

作者： Mihir Kumar Sahoo p.resh kale Dep.rtment of Electrical Engineering NIT RourkelaOdisha769008India

Silicon nanowires (SiNWs) are a one-dimensional semiconductor, which shows p.omising ap.lications indistinct areas such as p.otocatalysis, lithium-ion batteries, gas sensors, medical diagnostics, drug delivery,and solar cell. From an imp.ementation p.int of view, SiNWs are fabricated using either a top.ownor bottom-up.ap.roach, and SiNWs are both op.ically and electronically active. SiNWs enhancesthe efficiency of the solar cell due to better electronic, op.ical, and p.ysical p.op.rties that can becontrolled by tuning the p.ysical dimensions of SiNWs. The SiNWs shows an inherent cap.bility to beutilized in radial or coaxial p.n junction solar cells, to stip.late orthogonal p.oton absorp.ion, antireflection,and enhanced carrier collection. This p.p.r reviews p.op.rty-control of SiNWs, theirvarious typ.s of incorp.ration in a solar cell, and the reasons behind enhanced efficiency.

关键词： Op.ical Electronic and p.ysical p.op.rties Axial solar cell Radial solar cell Anti-reflection coating Silicon nanowires solar cell

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1-Hep.anesulfonic acid sodium salt:One p.t efficient synthesis of 2-aryl-1-arylmethyl-1H-1,3-benzo[d]imidazoles

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2009年第5期20卷 535-538页

作者： Ganesh R.Jadhav Mohammad U.Shaikh Rajesh p.kale Charansingh H.Gill Dep.rtment of Chemistry Dr.Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada UniversityAurangabadMaharashtra431004India Division of Medicinal Chemistry Wockhardt Research CentreD-4Chikalthana M.I.D.C.AreaAurangabadMaharashtra431210India

Synthesis of 2-aryl-1-arylmethyl-1H-1,3-benzo[d]imidazoles by the reaction of o-p.enylenediamine with substituted aromatic aldehydes in the p.esence of 1-hep.anesulfonic acid sodium salt （10 mol%） at room temp.rature. The reactions were p.rformed in acetonitrile：water （8：2）. The method was p.oved to be eco-friendly, convenient and the p.oducts were isolated with good yields （82- 90%）.

关键词： 1-Hep.anesulfonic acid sodium salt Water Aryl aldehyde Benzimidazole

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Energy Efficiency Evaluation in p.mp.ng System

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Modern Mechanical Engineering 2013年第4期3卷 171-180页

作者： sharad p. Jagtap.Anand N. p.war Mechanical Engineering Dep.rtment Government Polytechnic Amravati India Mechanical Engineering Dep.rtment Government Polytechnic Murtizapur India

Like 3M’s (Man, Machine and Material), energy is one of the major inp.ts for economic develop.ent of the country. In case of develop.ng countries like India, the energy sector assumes critical imp.rtance in the view of the ever increasing energy needs, requiring huge investments for new p.wer p.ant erection. About 85% of total p.imary energy need comes from fossil fuels. p.rticularly, oil contributes to 31% p.imary energy sources and the existence of it from domestic source in India may last for only about 20 years only at the current reserve to p.oduction (R/p. ratio. Similarly, coal contributes to 54% p.imary energy sources and may last for about 114 years at the current reserve to p.oduction (R/p. ratio. Water p.mp.ng System is one of the major utilities in SME’s as well as p.wer & p.ocess industry, and consumes about 10% - 15% electrical p.wer in Industrial and Agricultural sector. As p.r TERI Energy data directory yearbook, Industrial sector and Agricultural sector contribute to 45% and 7% of the total energy needed resp.ctively in India. A measurable amount of Industrial p.oduction is delivered from small and medium industries op.rated with inefficient equip.ent, where it has been difficult to imp.ement efficiency imp.ovements. The objective of Water p.mp.ng System in most cases is either to transfer liquid from one reservoir to another or to circulate liquid across the heat exchanger around a system. Since worldwide, centrifugal p.mp. account for the majority of electricity used by p.mp., this p.p.r focuses on energy saving in centrifugal p.mp.ng system with a case study work carried out in an industry.

关键词： Energy Audit Energy Saving p.mp.ng System p.rformance Evaluation of p.mp.ng System

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Ammonium metavanadate:A novel catalyst for synthesis of 2-substituted benzimidazole derivatives

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2009年第3期20卷 292-295页

作者： Ganesh R.Jadhav Mohammad U.Shaikh Rajesh p.kale Charansingh H.Gill Dep.rtment of Chemistry Dr.Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada UniversityAurangabadMaharashtra 431 004India Division of Medicinal Chemistry Wockhardt Research CentreD-4Chikalthana M.I.D.C.AreaAurangabadMaharashtra 431 210India

Ammonium metavanadate （10 mol%） was found to be a useful catalyst for the synthesis of various 2-substituted aryl benzimidazoles. It was used as an oxidizing agent for the condensation of o-p.enylenediamine with different substituted aryl aldehydes at room temp.rature in ethanol. The method was p.oved to be simp.e, convenient and the p.oduct was isolated with good yields （79-91%）.

关键词： Ammonium metavanadate Oxidation Aryl aldehyde Benzimidazole

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