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Machine learning applications in stroke medicine:advancements,challenges,and future prospectives

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第4期19卷 769-773页

作者： Mario Daidone sergio Ferrantelli Antonino Tuttolomondo Internal Medicine and Stroke Care Ward Department of Health PromotionMother and Child CareInternal Medicine and Medical SpecialtiesUniversity of Palermo Molecular and Clinical Medicine PhD Program University of Palermo

Stroke is a leading cause of disability and mortality worldwide,necessitating the development of advanced technologies to improve its diagnosis,treatment,and patient *** recent years,machine learning techniques have emerged as promising tools in stroke medicine,enabling efficient analysis of large-scale datasets and facilitating personalized and precision medicine *** abstract provides a comprehensive overview of machine learning’s applications,challenges,and future directions in stroke *** introduced machine learning algorithms have been extensively employed in all the fields of stroke *** learning models have demonstrated remarkable accuracy in imaging analysis,diagnosing stroke subtypes,risk stratifications,guiding medical treatment,and predicting patient *** the tremendous potential of machine learning in stroke medicine,several challenges must be *** include the need for standardized and interoperable data collection,robust model validation and generalization,and the ethical considerations surrounding privacy and *** addition,integrating machine learning models into clinical workflows and establishing regulatory frameworks are critical for ensuring their widespread adoption and impact in routine stroke *** learning promises to revolutionize stroke medicine by enabling precise diagnosis,tailored treatment selection,and improved *** research and collaboration among clinicians,researchers,and technologists are essential for overcoming challenges and realizing the full potential of machine learning in stroke care,ultimately leading to enhanced patient outcomes and quality of *** review aims to summarize all the current implications of machine learning in stroke diagnosis,treatment,and prognostic *** the same time,another purpose of this paper is to explore all the future perspectives these techniques can provide in combating this disabling dis

关键词： cerebrovascular disease deep learning machine learning reinforcement learning stroke stroke therapy supervised learning unsupervised learning

Spatial sensitivity to absorption changes for various near-infrared spectroscopy methods:A compendium review

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2024年第4期17卷 1-115页

作者： Giles Blaney Angelo Sassaroli sergio Fantini Department of Biomedical Engineering Tufts University 4 Colby StreetMedfordMA 02155USA

This compendium review focuses on the spatial distribution of sensitivity to localized absorption changes in optically diffuse media,particularly for measurements relevant to near-infrared *** three temporal domains,continuous wave,frequency domain,and time domain,each obtain different optical data types whose changes may be related to effective homogeneous changes in the absorption *** is the relationship between a localized perturbation and the recovered effective homogeneous absorption ***,spatial sensitivity maps representing the perturbation location can be generated for the numerous optical data types in the three temporal *** review first presents a history of the past 30 years of work investigating this sensitivity in optically diffuse *** works are experimental and theoretical,presenting one-,two-,and three-dimensional sensitivity maps for different Near-Infrared Spectroscopy methods,domains,and data *** this history,we present a compendium of sensitivity maps organized by temporal domain and then data *** compendium provides a valuable tool to compare the spatial sensitivity of various measurement methods and parameters in one *** for one to generate these maps are provided in Appendix A,including the *** historical review and comprehensive sensitivity map compendium provides a single source researchers may use to visualize,investigate,compare,and generate sensitivity to localized absorption change maps.

关键词： Diffuse optics diffusion theory Monte Carlo spatial sensitivity absorption perturbations near-infrared spectroscopy continuous-wave frequency-domain time-domain

Nonlinear dynamics of the reversed shear Alfvén eigenmode in burning plasmas

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Plasma Science and Technology 2024年第5期26卷 1-16页

作者：王涛魏士朝 sergio BRIGUGLIO Gregorio VLAD Fulvio ZONCA 仇志勇 Institute for Fusion Theory and Simulation and School of Physics Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027People’s Republic of China Center for Nonlinear Plasma Science ENEA C.R.FrascatiFrascati 00044Italy Fusion and Nuclear Safety Department ENEA C.R.FrascatiFrascati 00044Italy

In a tokamak fusion reactor operated at steady state,the equilibrium magnetic field is likely to have reversed shear in the core region,as the noninductive bootstrap current profile generally peaks *** reversed shear Alfvén eigenmode(RSAE)as a unique branch of the shear Alfvén wave in this equilibrium,can exist with a broad spectrum in wavenumber and frequency,and be resonantly driven unstable by energetic particles(EP).After briefly discussing the RSAE linear properties in burning plasma condition,we review several key topics of the nonlinear dynamics for the RSAE through both wave-EP resonance and wave-wave coupling channels,and illustrate their potentially important role in reactor-scale fusion *** means of simplified hybrid MHD-kinetic simulations,the RSAEs are shown to have typically broad phase space resonance structure with both circulating and trapped EP,as results of weak/vanishing magnetic shear and relatively low *** the route of wave-EP nonlinearity,the dominant saturation mechanism is mainly due to the transported resonant EP radially decoupling with the localized RSAE mode structure,and the resultant EP transport generally has a convective *** saturated RSAEs also undergo various nonlinear couplings with other collective *** typical routes as parametric decay and modulational instability are studied using nonlinear gyrokinetic theory,and applied to the scenario of spontaneous excitation by a finite amplitude pump *** RSAEs could naturally couple and induce the spectral energy cascade into a low frequency Alfvénic mode,which may effectively transfer the EP energy to fuel ions via collisionless Landau ***,zero frequency zonal field structure could be spontaneously excited by modulation of the pump RSAE envelope,and may also lead to saturation of the pump RSAE by both scattering into stable domain and local distortion of the continuum structure.

关键词： reversed shear Alfvén eigenmode energetic particle nonlinear gyrokinetic theory saturation burning plasma

Semiosic Translation:a Bayesian-heuristic theory of translation and translating

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Language and Semiotic Studies 2024年第2期10卷 167-202页

作者： sergio Torres-Martínez Universidad de Antioquia Cll.67#53–108MedellínAntioquiaColombia

In the context of Semiosic Translation,two elements are essential for a translation to emerge:the body–brain–context interface(extended mind)and the sign systems making up a translation *** this paper,I explain how a renewed view of the body as a Bayesian-heuristic Semiotic Prior helps to understand in a more holistic manner the motivations and agentive character of translation,defined herein as a phenomenological grasp of the *** to the present proposal is the idea that bodily self-stabilization(homeostasis)and brain-driven correction(allostasis)provide translator-agents with maps of action upon the world that are semiotic in *** this occurs thanks to information weighing(Bayesian)and cue-driven(heuristic)types of inference whereby exteroceptive(exogenous)and interoceptive(inner-body)signals converge to create a sense of bodily awareness responsible for the construction of the symbolic persona(the translator-agent).

关键词： embodiment Bayesian semiosis heuristic semiosis semiotics Semiosic Translation translator-agents

Non-participation of asymptomatic candidates in screening protocols reduces early diagnosis and worsens prognosis of colorectal cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第26期30卷 3198-3200页

作者： sergio Pérez-Holanda Office of Regional Viceministry of Health Regional Viceministry of HealthOviedo 33005AsturiasSpain

The Agatsuma et al’s study shows that despite the evidence of the benefits of an early colorectal cancer(CRC)diagnosis,through screening in asymptomatic subjects,up to 50%of candidates reject this option and many of those affected are diagnosed later,in advanced *** efficacy of screening programs has been well-established for several years,which reduces the risk of CRC morbidity and mortality,without taking into account the test used for screening,or other ***,a significant proportion of patients remain unscreened,so understanding the factors involved,as well as the barriers of the population to adherence is the first step to possibly modify the participation *** barriers could include a full range of social and political aspects,especially the type of financial provision of each health *** Japan,health services are universal,and this advantageous situation makes it easier for citizens to access to these services,contributing to the detection of various diseases,including ***,the symptomatic CRC group had a lower early-stage diagnosis rate than the patients detected during follow-up for other comorbidities,and symptomatic and cancer screening groups showed similar early-stage diagnosis.

关键词： Colorectal neoplasms Cancer registry Diagnostic route Cancer screening Stage at diagnosis

A comprehensive look at the psychoneuroimmunoendocrinology of spinal cord injury and its progression: mechanisms and clinical opportunities

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Military Medical Research 2024年第2期11卷 228-267页

作者： Miguel A.Ortega Oscar Fraile-Martinez Cielo García-Montero sergio Haro Miguel Ángel Álvarez-Mon Diego De Leon-Oliva Ana M.Gomez-Lahoz Jorge Monserrat Mar Atienza-Pérez David Díaz Elisa lopez-Dolado Melchor Álvarez-Mon Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities University of Alcala28801 Alcala de HenaresSpain Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research(IRYCIS) 28034 MadridSpain Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor28031 MadridSpain Service of Rehabilitation National Hospital for Paraplegic PatientsCarr.de la PeraledaS/N45004 ToledoSpain Immune System Diseases‑Rheumatology Service and Internal Medicine University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias(CIBEREHD)28806 Alcala de HenaresSpain

Spinal cord injury(SCI)is a devastating and disabling medical condition generally caused by a traumatic event(primary injury).This initial trauma is accompanied by a set of biological mechanisms directed to ameliorate neural damage but also exacerbate initial damage(secondary injury).The alterations that occur in the spinal cord have not only local but also systemic consequences and virtually all organs and tissues of the body incur important changes after SCI,explaining the progression and detrimental consequences related to this ***(PNIE)is a growing area of research aiming to integrate and explore the interactions among the different systems that compose the human organism,considering the mind and the body as a *** initial traumatic event and the consequent neurological disruption trigger immune,endocrine,and multisystem dysfunction,which in turn affect the patient's psyche and *** the present review,we will explore the most important local and systemic consequences of SCI from a PNIE perspective,defining the changes occurring in each system and how all these mechanisms are ***,potential clinical approaches derived from this knowledge will also be collectively presented with the aim to develop integrative therapies to maximize the clinical management of these patients.

关键词： Spinal cord injury(SCI) Psychoneuroimmunoendocrinology(PNIE) Secondary injury Immunoinflammatory dysfunction Gut microbiota Translational opportunities

A new approach to pedestal differentiation for soil loss estimation-a case study from a burnt area in north-central Portugal

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Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第3期35卷 45-54页

作者： Frank G.A.Verheijen Martinho A.S.Martins sergio A.Prats Jan J.Keizer Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies(CESAM) Department Environment and PlanningUniversity of Aveiro3810-193 AveiroPortugal Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture Environment and Development(MED-CHANGE)Institute for Advanced Studies and ResearchUniversity of EvoraPolo da MitraAp.947006-554 EvoraPortugal GeoBiociencias Geotecnologias E Geoengenharias(GEOBIOTEC)Department Environment and PlanningUniversity of Aveiro3810-193 AveiroPortugal

Soil pedestals have long been used as qualitative indicators of soil splash *** rangelands,plant-capped pedestals,generally grass tussocks,have also been used to quantitatively estimate soil loss since the first half of the twentieth *** agricultural lands,forests,and bad-lands,stone-capped pedestals have been used as qualitative and semi-quantitative indicators of active,'extreme'*** work has been reported on using capstone pedestal data for quantifying soil *** postulate that three distinct capstone pedestal types may be present in any given location and that a detailed analysis of a pedestal height histogram may be used to recognize their *** analysis can subsequently inform if soil loss can be reliably estimated and if so,which of the existing methods using pedestal height data will provide more accurate *** three proposed capstone pedestal types are:(1)neo-pedestals formed underneath surface stones exposed by(partial)removal of the soil surface cover;(2)endo-pedestals formed underneath stones that were buried in the soil but have been exposed by erosion;and(3)phoenix-pedestals formed underneath stones from collapsed *** the pedestal height histogram of any given location,a skew to smaller heights may indicate the existence of endo-and/or phoenix-pedestals,which may be revealed as a bi-(or tri)modal distribution when using a smaller bin *** concept was applied to a case study where soil loss had been monitored for control plots and mulched plots during a 5-year period following wildfire in a eucalypt *** measured pedestal heights and used methods to quantitatively assess soil loss from soil pedestal data in the available *** pedestal data at the end of the 5-year period under or overestimated soil loss in the control treatment,with results ranging from 60 to 115%of measured soil loss,depending on the *** is postulated that phoenix-and endo-pedestals may be a driving fact

关键词： Soil pedestals Mulch Wildfire Soil erosion Char

Analysis of a passive ankle exoskeleton for reduction of metabolic costs during walking

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第7期37卷 62-68页

作者： Luís Quinto Pedro Pinheiro sergio B.Goncalves Ivo Roupa Paula Simoes Miguel Tavares da Silva CINAMIL Academia MilitarInstituto Universitario MilitarLisbonPortugal IDMEC Instituto Superior TecnicoUniversidade de LisboaLisbonPortugal

Modern conflicts demand substantial physical and psychological exertion,often resulting in fatigue and diminished combat or operational *** exoskeletons have been developed recently to address these challenges,presenting various limitations that affect their operational or everyday *** article evaluates the performance of a dual-purpose passive ankle exoskeleton developed for the reduction of metabolic costs during walking,seeking to identify a force element that could be applied to the target *** on the 6-min walk test,twenty-nine subjects participated in the study using three different force *** results indicate that it is possible to reduce metabolic expenditure while using the developed ***,the comfort and range of motion results verify the exoskeleton's suitability for use in uneven terrain and during extended ***,the choice of the force element should be tailored to each user,and the control system should be adjustable to optimise the exoskeleton's performance.

关键词： Ankle passive exoskeleton Metabolic cost reduction Dual-use exoskeleton Gait Biomechanics

Free-electron crystals for enhanced X-ray radiation

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第7期13卷 1299-1309页

作者： Lee Wei Wesley Wong Xihang Shi Aviv Karnieli Jeremy Lim Suraj Kumar sergio Carbajo Ido Kaminer Liang Jie Wong School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological University50 Nanyang AvenueSingapore 639798Singapore. Solid State Institute and Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering Technion–Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifa 3200003Israel. School of Electrical Engineering Fleischman Faculty of EngineeringTel Aviv UniversityTel Aviv 69978Israel Department of Applied Physics Stanford UniversityStanfordCA 94305USA. Science Mathematics and TechnologySingapore University of Technology and Design8 Somapah RoadSingapore 487372Singapore. Electrical and Computer Engineering Department UCLA420 WestwoodLos AngelesCA 90095USA. Physics and Astronomy Department UCLA475 Portola PlazaLos AngelesCA 90095USA. SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Stanford University2575 Sand Hill RoadMenlo ParkCA 94025USA

Bremsstrahlung—the spontaneous emission of broadband radiation from free electrons that are deflected by atomic nuclei—contributes to the majority of X-rays emitted from X-ray tubes and used in applications ranging from medical imaging to semiconductor chip ***,we show that the bremsstrahlung intensity can be enhanced significantly—by more than three orders of magnitude—through shaping the electron wavefunction to periodically overlap with atoms in crystalline ***,we show how to shape the bremsstrahlung X-ray emission pattern into arbitrary angular emission profiles for purposes such as unidirectionality and ***,we find that these enhancements and shaped emission profiles cannot be attributed solely to the spatial overlap between the electron probability distribution and the atomic centers,as predicted by the paraxial and nonrecoil theory for free electron light *** work highlights an unprecedented regime of free electron light emission where electron waveshaping provides multi-dimensional control over practical radiation processes like *** results pave the way towards greater versatility in table-top X-ray sources and improved fundamental understanding of quantum electron-light interactions.

关键词： overlap attributed arbitrary