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Tracking of horizontal alignment of the long and large diameter uncharged hole in NATm tunnel

Underground Space 2024年第3期16卷 18-28页

作者： min-Seong Kim sean Seungwon Lee Department of Energy and Resources Engineering Chonnam National UniversityGwangju 61186Republic of Korea Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering Hanyang UniversitySeoul 04763Republic of Korea

The long and large diameter uncharged hole boring(LLB)method is a cut blasting method that minimizes blast-induced vibrations by creating long and large diameter uncharged holes at the excavation face of tunnels prior to tunnel *** in this method typically uses a 50 m long with a 382 mm diameter hammer bit in the horizontal direction at the tunnel ***,the significant weight and uni-directional rotation of the rod head,as well as variables such as geological characteristics,machine conditions,and inexperienced operators result in significant deviation from the target borehole alignment that hinders the vibration-dampening effect of the uncharged ***,since there is no method to verify the alignment of the boreholes until main tunnel construction,borehole misalignment is often not discovered until weeks after construction,which requires tunnel construction to cease until the equipment can be remobilized and an additional borehole be created,causing significant delays and increased costs for the entire tunnel *** this study,the borehole alignment tracking and ground exploration system(BGS)is developed to predict and monitor the quality and alignment of boreholes for cut blasting methods such as the LLB methods immediately after *** BGS was subsequently tested at a subway construction site to evaluate its performance in the *** measurements yielded by the BGS were compared with manually measured boring positions at every 5 m along the *** the BGS showed a maximum deviation of approximately 12%at a local point where the hole surface was relatively rough,the accuracy for the final boring position was approximately 97%,demonstrating excellent precision of the alignment tracking *** BGS demonstrates excellent performance in predicting ground conditions and the boring quality of a cut hole immediately after drilling,and shows promise in various other applications for monitoring borehole alignment.

关键词： Tunnel blasting LLB method Drilling deviation Vertical sagging Horizontal alignment tracking BGS

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Cannabinoids and endocannabinoids as therapeutics for nervous system disorders:preclinical models and clinical studies

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第4期19卷 788-799页

作者： R.Scott Duncan sean m.Riordan matthew C.Gernon Peter Koulen Department of Ophthalmology School of MedicineUniversity of Missouri Department of Biomedical Sciences School of MedicineUniversity of Missouri

Cannabinoids are lipophilic substances derived from Cannabis sativa that can exert a variety of effects in the human *** have been studied in cellular and animal models as well as in human clinical trials for their therapeutic benefits in several human *** of these include central nervous system(CNS)diseases and dysfunctions such as forms of epilepsy,multiple sclerosis,Parkinson’s disease,pain and neuropsychiatric *** addition,the endogenously produced cannabinoid lipids,endocannabinoids,are critical for normal CNS function,and if controlled or modified,may represent an additional therapeutic avenue for CNS *** review discusses in vitro cellular,ex vivo tissue and in vivo animal model studies on cannabinoids and their utility as therapeutics in multiple CNS *** addition,the review provides an overview on the use of cannabinoids in human clinical trials for a variety of CNS *** and endocannabinoids hold promise for use as disease modifiers and therapeutic agents for the prevention or treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and neurological disorders.

关键词： anandamide cannabidiol cannabinoid endocannabinoid epilepsy multiple sclerosis neurodegeneration neuroprotection tetrahydrocannabinol

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Cyclooxygenase-2 and the inflammogenesis of breast cancer

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology 2014年第4期5卷 677-692页

作者： randall E Harris Bruce C Casto Zachary m Harris The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center The Ohio State University College of Medicine Columbus OH 43210-1351 United States College of medicine and College of Public Health Center of Molecular Epidemiology and Environmental Health The Ohio State University Medical Center Columbus OH 43210-1351 United States

Cohesive scientific evidence from molecular, animal, and human investigations supports the hypothesis that constitutive overexpression of cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2) is a ubiquitous driver of mammary carcinogenesis, and reciprocally, that COX-2 blockade has strong potential for breast cancer prevention and therapy. Key findings include the following:(1) COX-2 is constitutively expressed throughout breast cancer development and expression intensifies with stage at detection, cancer progression and metastasis;(2) essential features of mammary carcinogenesis(mutagenesis, mitogenesis, angiogenesis, reduced apoptosis, metastasis and immunosuppression) are linked to COX-2-driven prostaglandin E2(PGE-2) biosynthesis;(3) upregulation of COX-2 and PGE-2 expression induces transcription of CYP-19 and aromatase-catalyzed estrogen biosynthesis which stimulates unbridled mitogenesis;(4) extrahe-patic CYP-1B1 in mammary adipose tissue converts paracrine estrogen to carcinogenic quinones with mutagenic impact; and(5) agents that inhibit COX-2 reduce the risk of breast cancer in women without disease and reduce recurrence risk and mortality in women with breast cancer. Recent sharp increases in global breast cancer incidence and mortality are likely driven by chronic inflammation of mammary adipose and upregulation of COX-2 associated with the obesity pandemic. The totality of evidence clearly supports the supposition that mammary carcinogenesis often evolves as a progressive series of highly specific cellular and molecular changes in response to induction of constitutive overexpression of COX-2 and the prostaglandin cascade in the "inflammogenesis of breast cancer".

关键词： Breast Cancer Cyclooxygenase-2 Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs Inflammogenesis Estrogen Aromatase

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Post-processing of biochars to enhance plant growth responses:a review and meta-analysis

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Biochar 2021年第4期3卷 437-455页

作者： sean C.Thomas Institute of Forestry and Conservation University of Toronto33 Willcocks St.TorontoON M5S 3B3Canada

A number of processes for post-production treatment of“raw”biochars,including leaching,aeration,grinding or sieving to reduce particle size,and chemical or steam activation,have been suggested as means to enhance biochar effectiveness in agriculture,forestry,and environmental ***,I review studies on post-production processing methods and their effects on biochar physio-chemical properties and present a meta-analysis of plant growth and yield responses to post-processed vs.“raw”*** from 23 studies provide a total of 112 comparisons of responses to processed *** biochars,and 103 comparisons allowing assessment of effects relative to biochar particle size;additional 8 published studies involving 32 comparisons provide data on effects of biochar ***,post-processed biochars resulted in significantly increased average plant growth responses 14%above those observed with unprocessed *** overall effect was driven by plant growth responses to reduced biochar particle size,and heating/aeration *** assessment of biochar effects by particle size indicates a peak at a particle size of 0.5-1.0 *** leachate treatments showed very high heterogeneity among studies and no average growth benefit.I conclude that physiochemical post-processing of biochar offers substantial additional agronomic benefits compared to the use of unprocessed *** research on post-production treatments effects will be important for biochar utilization to maximize benefits to carbon sequestration and system productivity in agriculture,forestry,and environmental restoration.

关键词： Activation Granulation Leachates Particle size Pelletization Post-processing

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Isolation by phage display and characterization of a single-chain antibody specific for O^6-methyldeoxyguanosine

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2001年第12期46卷 1024-1029页

作者： DAI Heping ZHAO Rouhong Haug Brenda sean m.Hemmingsen XIAO Wei Institute of Hydrobiology Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430072China Plant Biotechnology Institute National Research Council of CanadaSaskatoonSK S7N OW9Canada Department of microbiology and Immunology University of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSK S7N 5E5Canada

New approaches of making single chain Fv antibodies against O6-methyl-2’ -deoxyguanosine (O6mdG) have been demonstrated by using the phage antibody display system. Using O6mdG as an antigen, 21 positive clones were identified by ELISA from this library, one of which, designated H3, specifically binds to O6mdG with high affinity. The H3 scFv antibody has an affinity constant (Kaff) of 5.94×1011(mol/L)-1. H3 scFv has been successfully used to detect O6mdG in DNA hydrolyses from yeast or E. coli cells treated with a DNA methylating agent. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the selection of a specific scFv against DNA adducts. The results demonstrate the potential applications of the phage display technology for the detection of DNA lesions caused by mutagens and carcinogens.

关键词： O6-methyl-2’ -deoxyguanosine, phage display antibody, single chain Fv DNA adducts.

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management of post-operative complications in open ventral hernia repair

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Plastic and Aesthetic Research 2019年第11期6卷 32-40页

作者： sean C.O'Connor Alfredo m.Carbonell Department of Surgery Prisma Health-UpstateUniversity of South Carolina School of Medicine-GreenvilleGreenvilleSC 29605USA

Hernia repair is the most common general surgical procedure performed in the United States;however,historically,there has been a surprising lack of consensus regarding hernia complications and their *** development of international,prospectively-collected databases such as the Americas Hernia Society Quality Collaborative has introduced a new era of evidence-based practice around the prevention and management of these *** review seeks to equip surgeons with evidence-based techniques for prevention and management of the most common complications of open ventral hernia repair.

关键词： Hernia repair complications surgical site infection seroma flap necrosis mesh exposure interparietal hernia recurrent hernia enterocutaneous fistula

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CORPORATE GOVERNANCE FROm A COmPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE COmmUNICATION STRATEGIES ON SOCIAL CORPORATE RESPONSIBILITY： THE ROLE OF FREEDOm OF EXPRESSION

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Frontiers of Law in China-Selected Publications from Chinese Universities 2015年第1期10卷 24-45页

作者： maya Hertig randall the Faculty of Law Geneva University Switzerland and Director of the Department of Public Law at the same faculty attorney at law LL.M.

The political and the economic spheres increasingly overlap. Consumption is viewed not only as an economic act, but also as an act of political and moral significance. Due to the blurring of the commercial and the political spheres, consumers use their purchasing power as a carrot and a stick for corporations to comply with corporate social responsibility （CSR） standards. As a consequence, corporate communication strategies tend to highlight commitment to CSR standards, portraying companies as ＂＇good corporate citizens.＂ Conversely, other stakeholders expose unethical business practices so as to induce corporate change. Both sides tend to invoke freedom of expression with a view to opposing limitations on their communication strategies. Taking two well-known examples as a starting point, the present article explores the role of freedom of expression as a means to incite corporate actors to both adopt and comply with CSR standards from a comparative perspective. Using an economic framework, it argues that non-commercial expression critical of corporate practices deserves a higher level of protection than corporate communication strategies.

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Adenosine-treated bioprinted muscle constructs prolong cell survival and improve tissue formation

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Bio-Design and manufacturing 2021年第3期4卷 441-451页

作者： Dongxu Ke Adam m.Jorgensen Sang J.Lee James J.Yoo sean V.murphy Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative medicine Wake Forest School of MedicineWinston-SalemNCUSA Novaprint Therapeutics Suzhou Co. LtdSuzhouJiangsuChina

It is crucial to maintaining the viability of biofabricated human-sized tissues to ensure their successful survival and function after *** is a purine nucleoside that has the function to suppress cellular metabolism and has been previously proposed as a method to prolong cell viability under *** this study,we optimized the dose concentration of adenosine for incorporation into bioprinted constructs to preserve long-term cell viability in *** results showed that muscle cells(C2C12)containing 6,7,or 8 mm adenosine maintained high cell viability for 20 days under hypoxic conditions(0.1%O2),whereas cells without adenosine treatment showed 100%cell death after 11 *** 20 days under hypoxic conditions,muscle cells treated with adenosine proliferated and differentiated when transferred to normoxic *** these adenosine concentrations,6 mm was picked as the optimized adenosine concentration for further investigations due to its most effective results on improving cell *** bioprinted muscle constructs containing adenosine(6 mm)maintained high cell viability for 11 days under hypoxic conditions,while the control constructs without adenosine had no live *** in vivo validation,the bioprinted constructs with adenosine implanted under the dorsal subcutaneous space in mice,showed the enhanced formation of muscle tissue with minimal central necrosis and apoptosis,when compared to the constructs without *** positive in vitro and in vivo results demonstrate that the use of adenosine is an effective approach to preventing the challenge of hypoxia-induced necrosis in bioprinted tissues for clinical translation.

关键词： Bioprinting Hypoxia Adenosine Cell viability In vivo

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Development of a Freight Demand model with an Application to California

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International Journal of Transportation Science and Technology 2014年第1期3卷 19-38页

作者： Robert Lim Zhen(sean)Qian H.m.Zhang San Francisco municipal Transportation Agency San FranciscoCA94103 Heinz College Carnegie Mellon UniversityPittsburghPA15213Tel:412-268-7202 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of CaliforniaDavisDavisCA95616

This paper discusses the disaggregation of the Federal Highway Administration’s Freight Analysis Framework(FAF)database(version 3.0)on freight origin-destination data and the development of linear regression equations to describe the relationships between commodity-based freight trip productions/attractions to specific economic *** of generating a production/attraction equation for each commodity,commodities are grouped in certain ways to simplify model development and *** consider three grouping methods and two model selection criteria(with and without intercepts),which are compared in terms of goodness of fit with two data sets(FAF versions 2.0 and 3.0).Furthermore,the freight generation models are validated using county-level economic data in California and applied to predict year 2015 commodity *** results of this study can help city,county,metropolitan and state level planning agencies develop their own customized freight demand generation models without performing costly large-scale surveys.

关键词： Freight transportation Trip generation model,FAF3 Commodity flow

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Exploring the safety and efficacy of adding ketoconazole to tacrolimus in pediatric renal transplant immunosuppression

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World Journal of Transplantation 2020年第11期10卷 356-364页

作者： Sindy méndez Brooke m Ramay Angie Aguilar-González randall Lou-meda Fundación para el Niño Enfermo Renal-FUNDANIER Hospital Roosevelt GuatemalaGuatemala 01010Guatemala Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Universidad del Valle de GuatemalaGuatemala 01015Guatemala

BACKGROUND Guatemala is a developing country in Central America with limited health *** order to expand successful renal transplant care to children and adolescents at the lowest possible cost,our pediatric renal transplant clinic uses a post-transplant tacrolimus-sparing strategy via inhibition of *** To study the safety,efficacy and the associated cost reduction of ketoconazole in combination with tacrolimus in this pediatric *** A retrospective chart review was carried out among the cohort of pediatric renal transplant recipients treated at the Foundation for pediatric renal patients(Fundación para el Niño Enfermo Renal-FUNDANIER),a pediatric tertiary care renal transplant center in Guatemala City,*** charts were reviewed to ascertain the number of transplant recipients who were transitioned from tacrolimus based immunosuppression to combination therapy with ketoconazole and ***-five post-transplant patients that used ketoconazole combined with tacrolimus were ***,clinical and laboratory data was collected from patient charts before and after the *** Of the 25 patient charts reviewed 12(48%)patients were male and the average patient age was 13 ***-four(96%)transplants were from living *** was a non-significant difference between the mean tacrolimus doses six months and two months prior to ketoconazole:-0.10±0.04(95%CI:0.007,-0.029),P=***,the difference between the mean tacrolimus doses six months prior to ketoconazole initiation and six months after ketoconazole addition was significant:0.06±0.05(95%CI:-0.034,-0.086)Pmus doses were reduced by 45%after the addition of *** levels of tacrolimus ranged between 6.8-8.8 ng/mL during the study period and patients demonstrated an increase in estimated glomerular filtration *** combination of tacrolimus and ketoconazole resulted in a 21%reduction in ***

关键词： Transplant Immunosuppression Tacrolimus Ketoconazole Pediatric Chart review

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