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Geoscience Frontiers 2020年第3期11卷 1081-1086页

作者： Paul R.Durkin sean c.horner cynthia A.Hagstrom Department of Geological Sciences University of ManitobaWinnipegMBCanada Department of Geoscience University of CalgaryCalgaryABCanada cNOOc International CalgaryABCanada

*** La croix et al.(2019)attempt to interpret the depositional position of the Lower cretaceous McMurray Formation"A Valley"deposits using the tidally-influenced Fraser River in British columbia as a modern *** of a portion of seven cores from three study areas(South,central,and North)positioned along a 145-km basinward transect suggests that observed sedimentological and ichnological trends are indicative of a time-equivalent fluvial-tidal transition(FTT)zone within the"A Valley".

关键词： tidal fluvial depositional

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cannabinoids and endocannabinoids as therapeutics for nervous system disorders:preclinical models and clinical studies

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第4期19卷 788-799页

作者： R.Scott Duncan sean M.Riordan Matthew c.Gernon Peter Koulen Department of Ophthalmology School of MedicineUniversity of Missouri Department of Biomedical Sciences School of MedicineUniversity of Missouri

cannabinoids are lipophilic substances derived from cannabis sativa that can exert a variety of effects in the human *** have been studied in cellular and animal models as well as in human clinical trials for their therapeutic benefits in several human *** of these include central nervous system(cNS)diseases and dysfunctions such as forms of epilepsy,multiple sclerosis,Parkinson’s disease,pain and neuropsychiatric *** addition,the endogenously produced cannabinoid lipids,endocannabinoids,are critical for normal cNS function,and if controlled or modified,may represent an additional therapeutic avenue for cNS *** review discusses in vitro cellular,ex vivo tissue and in vivo animal model studies on cannabinoids and their utility as therapeutics in multiple cNS *** addition,the review provides an overview on the use of cannabinoids in human clinical trials for a variety of cNS *** and endocannabinoids hold promise for use as disease modifiers and therapeutic agents for the prevention or treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and neurological disorders.

关键词： anandamide cannabidiol cannabinoid endocannabinoid epilepsy multiple sclerosis neurodegeneration neuroprotection tetrahydrocannabinol

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Seasonal changes in Hermit Thrush (catharus guttatus) song syntax

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Avian Research 2024年第2期15卷 172-179页

作者： sean P.Roach Luke c.McLean Jeff W.MacLeod Leslie S.Phillmore Psychology Department University of New Brunswick Saint John100 Tucker Park RoadSaint JohnNBCanada Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Dalhousie University1355 Oxford StHalifaxNSB3H 4J1Canada

In many songbird species,birdsong features phonological syntax,meaning that the units within their vocal se-quences are ordered in a non-random way that adheres to a *** such syntactical patterns have been richly described in many species,comparatively little is known about how those patterns contribute to song achieving its important *** each of song’s main functions,territorial defense and mate attraction,evidence of a role for syntax is *** species for which syntax has been thoroughly described is the Hermit Thrush(catharus guttatus),which presents song types from their repertoires in a semi-predictable order and,in doing so,rapidly cycle up and down the frequency *** objective of the present study was to explore the importance of song syntax in the Hermit Thrush through a within-subject examination of how measures of syntax,such as the predictability of song type order within song sequences,shift over the breeding *** hypothesized that,if such syntactical characteristics are important to breeding behaviour,they would be most prominent at the start of the breeding season when activity associated with territory establishment and mate attraction is most *** revealed that,as predicted,the rigidness of song type ordering within se-quences was highest at the start of the season and declined *** song type sequences were most predictable at the vitally important early part of the breeding season fit our hypothesis that this aspect of song syntax is important to song’s functions related to territory establishment and/or mate *** work will clarify whether that role relates to one of song’s two main functions or serves song transmission in some broader way.

关键词： Birdsong Hermit Thrush Seasonal change Stereotypy Syntax

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Biochar granulation reduces substrate erosion on green roofs

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Biochar 2022年第1期4卷 164-176页

作者： Wenxi Liao Melanie A.Sifton sean c.Thomas Institute of Forestry and conservation John H Daniels Faculty of Architecture Landscape and DesignUniversity of Toronto33 Willcocks St.TorontoON M5S 3B3Canada

Green roofs are exposed to high winds and harsh environmental conditions that can degrade vegetation and erode substrate material,with negative consequences to ecosystem *** has been promoted as an effective substrate additive to enhance plant performance,but unprocessed biochars are susceptible to wind and water *** of granulated biochars or chemical dust suppressants are suggested as a means to mitigate biochar and substrate erosion;however,research on biochar type and chemical dust suppressant use on biochar and substrate erosion is *** is a crucial factor that influences substrate erosion,yet plant responses may vary with biochar type and chemical dust suppressant;thus,the effects of possible mitigation measures on biochar and substrate erosion are *** investigated the effects of surface-applied granulated and unprocessed biochars and an organic dust suppressant(Entac™)on biochar and substrate erosion on green roofs with Sedum album *** a native plant *** results show that 94%of unprocessed biochars were lost from green roofs after 2 years regardless of the Entac™amendment,likely due to the lightweight nature and fragmentation of biochar *** contrast,granulation of biochars reduced the biochar erosion and total substrate erosion by 74%and 39%,respec-tively,possibly due to enhanced biochar bulk density and particle size and improved moisture retention of biochar-amended ***,Sedum album better reduced biochar and substrate erosion than the native plant mix,likely due to rapid development of high vegetation cover that reduced wind exposure and enhanced substrate moisture *** conclude that applications of granulated biochars can substantially reduce biochar and sub-strate erosion on green roofs,improving green roof sustainability.

关键词： charcoal Post-processing Dust suppressant Erosion control Vegetation Green infrastructure

cOVID-19 vaccine-associated myocarditis

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World Journal of cardiology 2022年第7期14卷 382-391页

作者： Michael c Morgan Lavannya Atri sean Harrell Wael Al-Jaroudi Adam Berman Division of cardiology Medical College of GeorgiaAugustaGA 30912United States Baptist Heart Baptist Medical CenterJacksonMS 39202United States Department of Population Health Sciences Medical College of GeorgiaAugustaGA 30912United States

Myocarditis is now recognized as a rare complication of coronavirus disease 2019(cOVID-19)mRNA vaccination,particularly in adolescent and young adult *** the authorization of the Pfizer-BioNTech^(TM)and Moderna^(TM)mRNA vaccines targeting the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2(SARScoV-2)spike protein,the centers for Disease control and Prevention(cDc)has reported 1175 confirmed cases of myocarditis after cOVID-19 vaccination in individuals ages 30 years and younger as of January *** to cDc data in June 2021,the incidence of vaccine-mediated myocarditis in males ages 12-29 years old was estimated to be 40.6 cases per million second doses of cOVID-19 mRNA vaccination *** with cases of cOVID-19 vaccinemediated myocarditis typically present with acute chest pain and elevated serum troponin levels,often within one week of receiving the second dose of mRNA cOVID-19 *** cases follow a benign clinical course with prompt resolution of *** mechanisms of cOVID-19 vaccine myocarditis include molecular mimicry between SARS-coV-2 spike protein and self-antigens and the triggering of preexisting dysregulated immune pathways in predisposed *** higher incidence of cOVID-19 vaccine myocarditis in young males may be explained by testosterone and its role in modulating the immune response in *** is limited data on long-term outcomes in these cases given the recency of their *** cDc continues to recommend cOVID-19 vaccination for everyone 5 years of age and older given the greater risk of serious complications related to natural cOVID-19 infection including hospitalization,multisystem organ dysfunction,and *** study is needed to better understand the immunopathology and long-term outcomes behind cOVID-19 mRNA vaccine-mediated myocarditis.

关键词： cOVID-19 SARS-coV-2 mRNA vaccine Myocarditis Pericarditis

Post-processing of biochars to enhance plant growth responses:a review and meta-analysis

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Biochar 2021年第4期3卷 437-455页

作者： sean c.Thomas Institute of Forestry and conservation University of Toronto33 Willcocks St.TorontoON M5S 3B3Canada

A number of processes for post-production treatment of“raw”biochars,including leaching,aeration,grinding or sieving to reduce particle size,and chemical or steam activation,have been suggested as means to enhance biochar effectiveness in agriculture,forestry,and environmental ***,I review studies on post-production processing methods and their effects on biochar physio-chemical properties and present a meta-analysis of plant growth and yield responses to post-processed vs.“raw”*** from 23 studies provide a total of 112 comparisons of responses to processed *** biochars,and 103 comparisons allowing assessment of effects relative to biochar particle size;additional 8 published studies involving 32 comparisons provide data on effects of biochar ***,post-processed biochars resulted in significantly increased average plant growth responses 14%above those observed with unprocessed *** overall effect was driven by plant growth responses to reduced biochar particle size,and heating/aeration *** assessment of biochar effects by particle size indicates a peak at a particle size of 0.5-1.0 *** leachate treatments showed very high heterogeneity among studies and no average growth benefit.I conclude that physiochemical post-processing of biochar offers substantial additional agronomic benefits compared to the use of unprocessed *** research on post-production treatments effects will be important for biochar utilization to maximize benefits to carbon sequestration and system productivity in agriculture,forestry,and environmental restoration.

关键词： Activation Granulation Leachates Particle size Pelletization Post-processing

Hormones and phenotypic plasticity： Implications for the evolution of integrated adaptive phenotypes

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current Zoology 2013年第4期59卷 506-525页

作者： sean c. LEMA Jun KITANO Biological Sciences Department Center for Coastal Marine Sciences California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo CA 93407-0401 Ecological Genetics Laboratory National Institute of Genetics Mishima Shizuoka Japan

It is generally accepted that taxa exhibit genetic variation in phenotypic plasticity, but many questions remain unanswered about how divergent plastic responses evolve under dissimilar ecological conditions. Hormones are signaling molecules that act as proximate mediators of phenotype expression by regulating a variety of cellular, physiological, and behavioral responses. Hormones not only change cellular and physiological states but also influence gene expression directly or indirectly, thereby linking environmental conditions to phenotypic development. Studying how hormonal pathways respond to environmental variation and how those responses differ between individuals, populations, and species can expand our understanding of the evolution of phenotypic plasticity. Here, we explore the ways that the study of hormone signaling is providing new insights into the underlying proximate bases for individual, population or species variation in plasticity. Using several studies as exemplars, we examine how a ‘norm of reaction’ approach can be used in investigations of hormone-mediated plasticity to inform the following: 1) how environmental cues affect the component hormones, receptors and enzymes that comprise any endocrine signaling pathway, 2) how genetic and epigenetic variation in endocrine-associated genes can generate variation in plasticity among these diverse components, and 3) how phenotypes mediated by the same hormone can be coupled and decoupled via independent plastic responses of signaling components across target tissues. Future studies that apply approaches such as reaction norms and network modeling to questions concerning how hormones link environmental stimuli to ecologically-relevant phenotypic responses should help unravel how phenotypic plasticity evolves.

关键词：表型可塑性激素信号自适应环境因素进化集成遗传变异生理状态

A comparative analysis of alternative approaches to fitting species-abundance models

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2012年第1期5卷 32-45页

作者： sean R.connolly Loïc M.Thibaut School of Marine and Tropical Biology and ARc centre of Excellence for coral Reef Studies James Cook UniversityTownsvilleQueensland 4811Australia

Aims Fits of species-abundance distributions to empirical data are increasingly used to evaluate models of diversity maintenance and community structure and to infer properties of communities,such as species *** distributions predicted by several models are the Poisson lognormal(PLN)and the negative binomial(NB)distribution;however,at least three different ways to parameterize the PLN have been proposed,which differ in whether unobserved species contribute to the likelihood and in whether the likelihood is conditional upon the total number of individuals in the *** of these has an analogue for the ***,we propose a new formulation of the PLN and NB that includes the number of unobserved species as one of the estimated *** investigate the performance of parameter estimates obtained from this reformulation,as well as the existing alternatives,for drawing inferences about the shape of species abundance distributions and estimation of species *** We simulate the random sampling of a fixed number of individuals from lognormal and gamma community relative abundance distributions,using a previously developed‘individual-based’bootstrap *** use a range of sample sizes,community species richness levels and shape parameters for the species abundance distributions that span much of the realistic range for empirical data,generating 1000 simulated data sets for each parameter *** then fit each of the alternative likelihoods to each of the simulated data sets,and we assess the bias,sampling variance and estimation error for each *** Findings Parameter estimates behave reasonably well for most parameter values,exhibiting modest levels of median ***,for the NB,median error becomes extremely large as the NB approaches either of two limiting *** both the NB and PLN,>90%of the variation in the error in model parameters across parameter sets is explained by three quantities that corresponded to t

关键词： Poisson lognormal negative binomial Poisson gamma species-abundance distributions species richness

Trace elements migrating from tailings to rock varnish laminated sediments in an old mining region from Nelson,Nevada,USA

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2022年第2期37卷 202-213页

作者： Douglas B.Sims Amanda c.Hudson John E.Keller Michael Strange Andressa cristhy Buch David Ferrari Giavanna M.Fernandez Juan Garcia-Hernandez Bailey D.Kesl sean Torres Department of Physical Sciences College of Southern Nevada University of Nevada Fluminense Federal University

The dispersion and influence of soluble and particulate trace elements(TEs) present in the materials from abandoned mines is an imminent problem on terrestrial and aquatic *** goal of this research is to provide a broader view of such transport,assessing particle size distribution and TE interactions(e.g.,scavenging) with mine tailings and locally derived sediments transported by water in arid *** grains from wash sediment were collected from a dry ephemeral wash in Nelson,Nevada where the Techatticup Mine and Mill worked between 1850 and *** were evaluated to determine the association and behavior of certain metals and metalloids including aluminum,arsenic,barium,cadmium,copper,chromium,iron,manganese,lead,selenium,vanadium,and zinc to rock varnish laminated *** show that some metals and metalloids were more concentrated on larger particles whereas others indicated the opposite *** example,As was greatest on silt fractions and least on coarse fractions,while Se was detected only on ***,cu,Fe,Mn,Pb,and Zn concentrations all increased with decreasing particle size(silt> sand> coarse),whereas Al,Ba,and V showed the opposite trend(silt coarse).The enrichment factor(EF) of cu,Zn,Pb,As,and Se were lower in mine tailing sediment treated with wash than those obtained for source *** in treated wash sediment samples,the high EFs of Ba,cr,V,and Mn suggested a possible greater affinity of these metals to the Al,Fe,and Mn oxides from the RV *** data found in this study show that transport of contaminated sediments in arid regions could lead to the enrichment of some TEs in downgradient areas from source materials.

关键词： Adsorption Metals Metalloids Mine tailings Particle size Transport

Assessment of muscle strength in para-athletes:A systematic review of observational studies

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Sports Medicine and Health Science 2022年第4期4卷 225-238页

作者： sean R.O'connor Kristina Fagher Samuel Williamson Babette M.Pluim clare L.Ardern Dina c.Janse van Rensburg Neil Heron centre for Public Health Queen's University BelfastBelfastUK School of Psychology Queen's University BelfastBelfastUK Rehabilitation Medicine Research Group Department of Health SciencesLund UniversityLundSweden English Institute of Sport ManchesterUK Royal Netherlands Lawn Tennis Association AmstelveenNetherlands Section Sports Medicine Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa Amsterdam collaboration on Health&Safety in Sports(AcHSS) IOC Research Center of ExcellenceAmsterdam UMCAmsterdamNetherlands Department of Family Practice University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada Medical Board Member World NetballManchesterUK School of Medicine Keele UniversityStaffordshireUK

Accurate and reliable evaluation of muscle strength in para-athletes is essential for monitoring the effectiveness of strength training and/or rehabilitation programmes,and sport *** aim is to synthesise evidence related to assessing muscle strength in *** databases were searched from January 1990 to July 2021 for observational studies focusing on strength *** screening,data extraction,and quality assessment were performed in duplicate.A total of 1764 potential studies were *** met the inclusion criteria and were included in the *** mean age of participants was 30.7 years(standard deviation[SD]:2.4).The majority were men(88%)participating in wheelchair sports,including basketball,rugby,and tennis(23/30:76%).Overall quality varied,with more than half of the studies failing to identify strategies for dealing with confounding *** manual muscle testing being a standard component of para-sport classification systems,evidence examining strength characteristics in para-athletes is derived primarily from isometric and isokinetic *** studies that included comparative strength data,findings were *** studies found strength values were similar to or lower than able-bodied athletic ***,an important observation was that others reported higher shoulder strength in para-athletes taking part in wheelchair sports than both able-bodied and disabled *** need to develop accessible,standardised strength testing methods that account for training influence and establish normative strength values in *** is also a need for additional studies that include female para-athletes and para-athletes with greater functional impairments.

关键词： Systematic review Para-athletes Disabled sport Muscle strength Assessment