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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2003年第6期15卷 821-826页

作者： sean LIU Department of Food Science Rutgers University

The conventional “pump-and-treat' technology for subsurface remediation of groundwater contaminated with volatile organic compounds(VOCs) such as 1,1,1-trichloroethane(TCA), a common chlorinated organic solvent, has limitation of prohibitively long treatment time due to extremely low water solubility of the VOCs. Surfactant-based soil remediation has emerged as the effective technology that substantially reduces the treatment time. In order to make the whole process economical, the surfactant used in soil washing has to be recovered and reused. This study examined the recovery of anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS), from soil remediation fluids containing TCA, using a bench-scale membrane pervaporation unit. The effects of high TCA concentration, surfactant dosage, and flow rate on permeation flux and selectivity(α value) of the process were evaluated. In general, higher surfactant concentration yielded lower TCA flux and constant water flux, resulting in declining α values; higher flow rate of TCA feed stream results in higher VOC flux and selectivity, an indication of the effect of concentration polarization; higher TCA feed concentration produces higher TCA permeation across the membrane, however, the selectivity was virtually unchanged unless the total TCA concentration exceeded 2000 ppm.

关键词： pervaporation VOCs SDS surfactant groundwater remediation 1,1,1-trichloroethane

Carbon-based bifunctional electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution reactions:Optimization strategies and mechanistic analysis

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第8期31卷 234-265,I0008页

作者： Huidong Xu Jack Yang Riyue Ge Jiujun Zhang Ying Li Mingyuan Zhu Liming Dai sean Li Wenxian Li Institute of Materials Shanghai University School of Materials Science and Engineering UNSW Materials and Manufacturing Futures InstituteUniversity of New South Wales Institute for Sustainable Energy Shanghai University School of Chemical Engineering University of New South Wales Shanghai Key Laboratory of High Temperature Superconductors

Electrocatalysts are one of the essential components for the devices of high-efficiency green energy storage and conversion,such as metal-air cells,fuel cells,and water electrolysis *** catalysts made from noble metals possess high catalytic performance in both oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER),their scarcity and expensiveness significantly limit large-scale *** this regard,metal-free/non-noble metal carbon-based catalysts have become competitive alternatives to replace catalysts made of noble ***,low catalytic ORR/OER performance is the challenge of carbon-based catalysts for the commercial applications of metal-air *** solve the problem of poor catalytic performance,two strategies have been proposed:(1)controlling the microstructure of the catalysts to expose more active sites as the channels of rapid mass and electron transfer;and(2)reducing the reaction energy barrier by optimizing the electronic structures of the catalysts via surface ***,we review different types of bifunctional ORR/OER electrocatalysts with the activated surface *** focus on how the challenge can be overcome with different methods of material synthesis,structural and surface characterization,performance validation/optimization,to outline the principles of surface modifications behind catalyst *** particular,we provide critical analysis in the challenges that we are facing in structural design and surface engineering of bifunctional ORR/OER catalysts and indicate the possible solution for these problems,providing the society with clearer ideas on the practical prospects of noble-metal-free electrocatalysts for their future applications.

关键词： Electrocatalyst Bifunctionality Oxygen reduction Oxygen evolution Carbons transition metals Surface engineering Microstructure

Feasibility of telemedicine program using a hand-held nonmydriatic retinal camera in Panama

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2022年第6期15卷 962-966页

作者： Alexander SHimstead Janani Prasad sean Melucci Kevin MGustafson Paul EIsraelsen Andrew Browne School of Medicine University of CaliforniaIrvineCalifornia 92697USA Gavin Herbert Eye Institute Department of OphthalmologyUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCalifornia 92697USA

AIM: To evaluate the image quality of a telemedicine screening program for retinal disease using a nonmydriatic camera among rural island communities in Bocas del Toro, ***: In June 2018, a group of three medical students volunteered at clinics operated by the Floating Doctors in the province of Bocas del Toro, Panama. Nonmydriatic images of the retina were obtained using the Pictor Plus(Volk Optical, Mentor OH), randomized, and sent to two board-certified ophthalmologists at the University of California, Irvine for analysis using a modified version of the FOTO-ED scale. Inter-rater reliability was calculated using the kappa ***: Seventy patients provided a total of 127 images. Average image quality was 3.31, and most frequent image quality was 4/5 on the FOTO-ED scale. Thirty patients had at least one eye image with ideal quality(42.86%), while only one patient had no adequate photos taken(1.43%). However, high quality images were obtained in both eyes in only 12 patients(17.14%). The inter-rater reliability between the two ophthalmologists was ***: Further improvements are necessary to acquire higher quality images more reliably. This may include further training and experience or mydriasis.

关键词： telemedicine retina nonmydriatic camera fundus screening feasibility low-resource setting

Advanced Strategies for Stabilizing Single‑Atom Catalysts for Energy Storage and Conversion

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Electrochemical Energy Reviews 2022年第3期5卷 1-41页

作者： Wenxian Li Zehao Guo Jack Yang Ying Li Xueliang Sun Haiyong He sean Li Jiujun Zhang Institute of Materials Shanghai UniversityShanghai 200072China UNSW Materials and Manufacturing Futures Institute School of Materials Science and EngineeringThe University of New South WalesSydneyNSW 2052Australia College of Sciences Institute for Sustainable EnergyShanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering University of Western OntarioLondonON N6A 5B9Canada Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of SciencesNingbo 315201ZhejiangChina

Well-defined atomically dispersed metal catalysts(or single-atom catalysts)have been widely studied to fundamentally under-stand their catalytic mechanisms,improve the catalytic efficiency,increase the abundance of active components,enhance the catalyst utilization,and develop cost-effective catalysts to effectively reduce the usage of noble *** single-atom cata-lysts have relatively higher selectivity and catalytic activity with maximum atom utilization due to their unique characteristics of high metal dispersion and a low-coordination ***,freestanding single atoms are thermodynamically unstable,such that during synthesis and catalytic reactions,they inevitably tend to agglomerate to reduce the system energy associated with their large surface ***,developing innovative strategies to stabilize single-atom catalysts,including mass-separated soft landing,one-pot pyrolysis,co-precipitation,impregnation,atomic layer deposition,and organometallic complexation,is critically *** types of supporting materials,including polymers,have been commonly used to stabilize single atoms in these fabrication ***,we review the stabilization strategies of single-atom catalyst,including different synthesis methods,specific metals and carriers,specific catalytic reactions,and their advantages and *** particular,this review focuses on the application of polymers in the synthesis and stabilization of single-atom catalysts,including their functions as carriers for metal single atoms,synthetic templates,encapsulation agents,and protection agents during the fabrication *** technical challenges that are currently faced by single-atom catalysts are summarized,and perspectives related to future research directions including catalytic mechanisms,enhancement of the catalyst loading content,and large-scale implementation are proposed to realize their practical applications.

关键词： Single-atom catalyst Stabilization strategy Coordination environment Polymer Encapsulation agent Protection agent

Molybdenum disulfide(MoS2)-based electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction:From mechanism to manipulation

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第11期31卷 45-71,I0003页

作者： Yao Xu Riyue Ge Jack Yang Jiancheng Li sean Li Ying Li Jiujun Zhang Jing Feng Bin Liu Wenxian Li Institute of Materials School of Materials Science and EngineeringShanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China School of Materials Science and Engineering University of New South WalesSydney NSw 2052Australia Materials and Manufacturing Futures Institute University of NewSouthWalesSydney NSW2052Australia School of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China InstituteforSustainable Energy Shanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China Collge of Materials Science and Engineering Fuzhou UniversityFuzhou 350108FujianChina Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering Kunming University of Science and TechnologyKunming 650093YunnanChina

Molybdenum disulfide(MoS_(2))-based materials as the non-noble metal catalysts have displayed the potential capability to drive electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)for green hydrogen production along with their intrinsic activity,tunable electronic properties,low cost,and abundance reserves,which have attracted intensive attention as alternatives to the low-abundance and high-cost platinum-based ***,their insufficient catalytic HER activities and stability are the major challenges for them to become practically ***,the MoS_(2)-based electrocatalysts for HER are comprehensively reviewed to explain the fundamental science behind the manipulations of the crystal structure,microstructure,surface,and interface of MoS_(2) in order to enhance its catalytic performance through changing the electrical conductivity,the number of active sites,surface wettability,and the Gibbs free energy for hydrogen adsorption(ΔGH).Recent studies in surface/interface engineering,such as phase engineering,defect engineering,morphology design,and heterostructure construction,are analyzed to reveal the state-of-the-art strategies for designing and preparing the cost-effective and highperformance MoS_(2)-based catalysts through optimizing the charge transfer,surface-active sites,ΔGH,and surface ***,the perspectives,challenges,and future research directions of HER electrocatalysis are also given to facilitate the further research and development of HER catalysts.

关键词： Surface/interface engineering Hydrogen evolution reaction Molybdenum disulfide Mechanisms

Call for action:Increased healthcare utilization with growing use of percutaneous cholecystectomy tube over initial cholecystectomy in cirrhotics

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2022年第1期21卷 56-62页

作者： Srikanth Vedachalam Sajid Jalil Somashaker G Krishna Kyle Porter Na Li sean G Kelly Lanla Conteh Khalid Mumtaz Department of Internal Medicine The Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbusOH 43210USA Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and NutritionThe Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbusOH 43210USA Center for Biostatistics Department of Biomedical InformaticsThe Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbusOH 43210USA

Background:Acute calculous cholecystitis(ACC)is frequently seen in cirrhotics,with some being poor candidates for initial ***,these patients may undergo percutaneous cholecystostomy tube(PCT)*** studied the healthcare utilization and predictors of cholecystectomy and PCT in patients with ***:The National Database was queried to study all cirrhotics and non-cirrhotics with ACC between 2010-2014 who underwent initial PCT(with or without follow-up cholecystectomy)or *** patients were divided into compensated and decompensated *** predictors and outcomes of initial PCT and failure to undergo subsequent cholecystectomy were ***:Out of 919189 patients with ACC,13283(1.4%)had *** cirrhotics,cholecystec-tomy was performed in 12790(96.3%)and PCT in the remaining 493(3.7%).PCT was more frequent in cirrhotics(3.7%)than in non-cirrhotics(1.4%).Multivariate analyses showed increased early readmis-sions[odds ratio(OR)=2.12,95%confidence interval(CI):1.43-3.13,P<0.001],length of stay(effect ratio=1.39,95%CI:1.20-1.61,P<0.001),calendar-year hospital cost(effect ratio=1.34,95%CI:1.28-1.39,P<0.001)and calendar-year mortality(hazard ratio=1.89,95%CI:1.07-3.29,P=0.030)in cir-rhotics undergoing initial PCT compared to *** cirrhosis(OR=2.25,95%CI:1.67-3.03,P<0.001)had the highest odds of getting initial ***,regardless of compensated(OR=0.56,95%CI:0.34-0.90,P=0.020)or decompensated(OR=0.28,95%CI:0.14-0.59,P<0.001),reduced the chances of getting a subsequent ***:Cirrhotic patients undergo fewer cholecystectomy incurring initial PCT ***,the rates of follow-up cholecystectomy are lower in *** healthcare utilization is seen with initial PCT amongst cirrhotic *** situation reflects suboptimal management of ACC in cirrhotics and a call for action.

关键词： National Healthcare Cholecystectomy Percutaneous cholecystostomy Cirrhosis Decompensated cirrhosis

Update on endoscopic ultrasound-guided liver biopsy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第28期28卷 3586-3594页

作者： Shiva Rangwani Devarshi R Ardeshna Khalid Mumtaz sean G Kelly Samuel Y Han Somashekar G Krishna Division of Gastroenterology Hepatologyand NutritionDepartment of Internal MedicineOhio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbusOH 43210United States

Endoscopic ultrasound guided liver biopsy(EUS-LB)has emerged as a minimally-invasive alternative to the traditional(percutaneous or transjugular)liver biopsy techniques for the diagnosis of liver parenchymal ***,EUS-LB combines the advantages of percutaneous and transjugular liver biopsy in addressing focused sampling in addition to measuring portal ***,EUS-LB facilitates access to both the lobes of the liver which is not considered with the traditional percutaneous liver *** studies have compared EUS-LB with conventional liver biopsy and reported comparable diagnostic yield,increased acquisition of complete portal tracts,and longer specimen length as compared to the traditional ***-LB is associated with lesser post-procedural pain and shorter recovery time,while providing lower risk of complications when compared to traditional liver *** in needle types,needle sizes and suction techniques have aimed at further optimizing the EUS-LB *** review article updates current literature with focus on the variations in the technique and equipment used for EUS-LB,and compares EUS-LB with traditional methods of liver biopsy.

关键词： Endoscopic ultrasound guided liver biopsy Liver biopsy Percutaneous liver biopsy Transjugular liver biopsy Liver parenchymal disease Portal pressure gradient

THE ARMIES OF THE TEISPIDS AND ACHAEMENIDS: THE ARMIES OF AN ANCIENT WORLD EMPIRE

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Journal of Ancient Civilizations 2022年第2期37卷 147-192,275页

作者： sean Manning Independent scholar Victoria BCCanada

Introduction and historical context How would the armies of the Teispids and Achaemenids look from a Near Eastern perspective?This would not be a provocative question in most areas of ancient history and archaeology,which have transitioned from an approach centered on the classical literary tradition to one based on all available contemporary evidence.

关键词： Eastern centered literary

Investigating adolescent mental health of Chinese students during the COVID-19 pandemic:Multicenter cross-sectional comparative investigation

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2022年第11期12卷 1323-1334页

作者： Bo-Wen Huang Pei-Han Guo Jian-Zhou Liu sean X Leng Li Wang Department of General Surgery State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare DiseasesPeking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100730China Senior High School The Experimental High School Attached to Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100032China Department of Medicine Johns Hopkins University SchoolBaltimoreMD 21205United States Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100730China

BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic has caused significant challenges for adolescent mental *** To survey adolescent students in China to determine the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on their mental *** A multicenter cross-sectional comparative investigation was conducted in March *** collected demographic information and survey data related to the COVID-19 *** Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Screener scales were used for objective assessment of depression and *** We collected mental health questionnaires from 3184 *** investigation demonstrated that adolescents most strongly agreed with the following items:Increased time spent with parents,interference with academic performance,and less ***,adolescents most strongly disagreed with the following items:Not having to go to school,feeling an increase in homework,and not socializing with people;34.6%of adolescents were depressed before COVID-19,of which 1.9%were severely *** COVID-19,26.3%of adolescents were prone to depression,of which 1.4%were severely depressed.24.4%of adolescents had anxiety before COVID-19,with severe anxiety accounting for 1.6%.After COVID-19,23.5%of adolescents were prone to anxiety,of which 1.7%had severe *** Chinese adolescents in different grades exhibited different psychological characteristics,and their levels of anxiety and depression were improved after the COVID-19 *** in educational management practices since the COVID-19 pandemic may be worth learning from and optimizing in long-term educational planning.

关键词： Adolescents Mental health Chinese students Grade analysis COVID-19

Assessment of semi-empirical mass transfer correlations for pervaporation treatment of wastewater contaminated with chlorinated hydrocarbons

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2006年第11期7卷 1911-1916页

作者： LIU sean X. Department of Food Science Rutgers University New Brunswick NJ 08901-8520 USA

Assessment of mass transfer characteristics of pervaporation (PV) treatment of wastewater contaminated with chlorinated hydrocarbons is of great importance for water treatment plant operators conducting initial evaluation, process optimization, and process economics. While a membrane plays a central role in pervaporation processes and separation efficiency, the mass transfer in the liquid layer next to the membrane surface is of equal, if not greater importance. It is one of the few process parameters that can be adjusted in situ to manipulate the outcome of a pervaporation process. In this study, a bench scale pervaporation experiment of removing a common chlorinated hydrocarbon from water was carried out and the results of it were compared to the ones based on well-known semi-empirical correlations. The mass transfer coefficients from the experiments, ranging from 0.8×10−5∼2.5×10−5 m/s under the operating conditions, are higher than those predicted by the correlation. The corresponding separation factors under varying flow velocities are determined to be between 310∼950.

关键词：氯代烃类传质全蒸发过程废水处理