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exploitation of the nicotinic anti-inflammatory pathway for the treatment of epithelial inflammatory diseases

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第46期12卷 7451-7459页

作者： David A scott Michael Martin Oral Health and Systemic Disease Research Group and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology University of Louisville Kentucky United States Oral Health and Systemic Disease Research Group and Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Louisville Kentucky United States

Discoveries in the first few years of the 21st century have led to an understanding of important interactions between the nervous system and the inflammatory response at the molecular level, most notably the acetylcholine （ACh）- triggered,α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor （α7nAChR）- dependent nicotinic antinflammatory pathway. Studies using the α7nAChR agonist, nicotine, for the treatment of mucosal inflammation have been undertaken but the efficacy of nicotine as a treatment for inflammatory bowel diseases remains debatable. Further understanding of the nicotinic anti-inflammatory pathway and other endogenous anti-inflammatory mechanisms is required in order to develop refined and specific therapeutic strategies for the treatment of a number of inflammatory diseases and conditions, including periodontitis, psoriasis, sarcoidosis, and ulcerative colitis.

关键词： α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor Inflammation Mucosa Nicotine Nicotinic anti-inflammatory pathway Tobacco smoking

Sustainable development and geospatial information:a strategic framework for integrating a global policy agenda into national geospatial capabilities

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Geo-Spatial Information Science 2017年第2期20卷 59-76页

作者： Greg scott Abbas Rajabifard United Nations Statistics Division Department of Economic and Social AffairsUnited NationsNew YorkNYUSA Department of Infrastructure engineering The University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia

The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development provides a new global policy to guide the way countries collectively manage and transform the social,economic,and environmental dimensions of people and the planet over the next 15 *** sustainable development presents all countries and the global policy community with a set of significant development challenges that are almost entirely geographic in *** of the issues impacting sustainable development can be analyzed,modeled,and mapped within a geographic context,which in turn can provide the integrative framework necessary for global collaboration,consensus and evidence-based ***,and despite significant advances in geospatial information technologies,there is a lack of awareness,understanding and uptake,particular at the policy and decision-making level,of the vital and integrative role of geospatial information and related enabling architectures such as National Spatial Data *** paper reasons that the role of geospatial information in contributing to sustainable development has not adequately been described by either the sustainable development policy practice or by the geospatial professional *** lack of policy and guidance,with commensurate critical gaps and connection points with national geospatial frameworks,is a visible impediment to developing countries and those most affected by the challenges and need to achieve sustainable *** global geospatial community now has a unique opportunity to integrate and connect geospatial information into the global development agenda in a more holistic and sustainable manner,specifically in contributing their data resources toward measuring and monitoring the 17 Sustainable Development Goals,and their 169 associated targets,through the global indicator framework that anchors the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable *** paper introduces and discusses a new strategic framework for linking a global pol

关键词： Sustainable development sustainable development goals(SDGs)geospatial information data integration strategic framework geography national spatial data infrastructure(NSDI)

Daily variation in the shoaling behavior of zebrafish Danio rerio

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Current Zoology 2012年第1期58卷 129-137页

作者： Paciorek, Timothy Mcrobert, scott Department of Biology Saint Joseph’s University Philadelphia PA 19131 USA

Shoaling behavior provides numerous fitness benefits for fish, including enhanced access to mates, increased success in foraging and protection from predators. We were interested in determining whether shoaling intensity differed throughout the day. To do this we kept adult zebrafish Danio rerio in different lighting conditions for 10 days：＂Normal＂（12：12LD, lights on at 0800 hrs）, ＂Reverse＂（12：12LD, lights on at 2000 hrs）, DD, or LL, and then observed the shoaling behavior at different times during the day. Our findings suggest that daily variations exist in shoaling behavior, with mean shoaling times for fish from the ＇normal＇ group being the lowest at the mid-point of the dark phase in the fish＇s subjective day （00：00 hrs）, then rising signifi- cantly throughout the day, reaching their highest intensity at 20：00 hrs （lights out）. Fish from the ＂reverse＂ LD cycle （lights on at 20：00 hrs） showed differences in the mean shoaling times at different times of day, but did not show a gradual increase in shoaling throughout their subjective day. Fish from the DD and LL groups did not show significant differences in the mean shoaling values at different times of day, suggesting that the differences observed in LD fish may not represent circadian rhythms. Therefore, these results demonstrate the existence of daily variations in the shoaling behavior of fish and suggest that environmental cues in the form of light/dark cycles play an important role in regulating these variations [Current Zoology 58 （1）： 129-137, 2012].

关键词： Shoaling behavior Zebrafish Danio rerio

engineering cerebral folding in brain organoids

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第11期17卷 2420-2422页

作者： Glen scott Yu Huang Biological engineering College of EngineeringUtah State UniversityLoganUTUSA

Valuable implement to the animal neurological models:Neurological diseases remain the largest cause of death and *** discovery of effective therapies is chiefly hindered by the lack of realistic neurological *** other tissues,it is infeasible or unethical to access primary human neural samples in *** animal models often fail to replicate the complex human-specific neuronal factors present in *** in vitro cultures lack native three-dimensional(3D)morphologies,polarity,and receptor expression,as well as tissue-level interactions(J ensen et al.,2018).

关键词： cerebral diseases

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Variability of the useful life of reservoirs in tropical locations:A case study from the Burdekin Falls Dam, Australia

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2018年第2期33卷 93-106页

作者： Michelle Cooper Stephen e.Lewis Thomas C.Stieglitz scott G.Smithers College of Scilence and engineering James Cook University Centre for Tropical Water ε Aquatic ecosystem Research TropWATER James Cook University

Large dam construction for irrigation, hydropower, water supply, and flood control in tropical to subtropical areas increased markedly after 1950. Many of the dams built during this period have filled with sediment and no longer perform to their original design specifications; in many cases, forecast dam life was greatly overestimated. This study investigates the useful life of Burdekin Falls Dam(BFD), northeastern Australia and compares the findings with other tropical reservoirs. Using two independent methods it is estimated that between 61 and 65 million m3 of sediment has been deposited in the reservoir over the 24 years of operation through 2011. This sediment volume equates to an average of0.15% of capacity lost per year since construction was completed. If current sediment loads/climate regimes persist, reservoir capacity will be reduced by 50% after 345 years. However, the useful life of the BFD reduces to just 276 years when drawdown data are considered; these data show reservoir use would be affected once 40% of storage was filled with sediment, with a 60% drawdown return period of 1 in 15 years. When compared to similar large tropical to sub-tropical reservoirs, the BFD has a slightly longer reservoir useful life than dams in India and a much longer half-life than for both similar-sized and larger dams in China, Brazil, and Iran. Properties of the BFD that promote a longer useful life include a lower trap efficiency, relatively low annual sediment load delivered to the reservoir, limited sediment deposition behind the dam wall(and uniform distribution of deposited sediment), and the export of highly turbid annual floodwaters before settling and deposition of any remaining sediment within the reservoir.

关键词： Reservoir half-life Lake Dalrymple Sediment trapping Trap efficiency Tropical reservoir Useful life

effects of structural characterizations on fragility functions of bridges subject to seismic shaking and lateral spreading

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earthquake engineering and engineering Vibration 2008年第4期7卷 369-382页

作者： scott J.Brandenberg Pirooz Kashighandi Department of Civil and environmental engineering University of California

This paper evaluates the seismic vulnerability of different classes of typical bridges in California when subjected to seismic shaking or liquefaction-induced lateral spreading. The detailed structural configurations in terms of superstructure type, connection, continuity at support and foundation type, etc. render different damage resistant capability. Six classes of bridges are established based on their anticipated failure mechanisms under earthquake shaking. The numerical models that are capable of simulating the complex soil-structure interaction effects, nonlinear behavior of columns and connections are developed for each bridge class. The dynamic responses are obtained using nonlinear time history analyses for a suite of 250 earthquake motions with increasing intensity. An equivalent static analysis procedure is also implemented to evaluate the vulnerability of the bridges when subjected to liquefaction-induced lateral spreading. Fragility functions for each bridge class are derived and compared for both seismic shaking （based on nonlinear dynamic analyses） and lateral spreading （based on equivalent static analyses） for different performance states. The study finds that the fragility functions due to either ground shaking or lateral spreading show significant correlation with the structural characterizations, but differences emerge for ground shaking and lateral spreading conditions. Structural properties that will mostly affect the bridges＇ damage resistant capacity are also identified.

关键词： fragility functions bridge seismic response liquefaction lateral spreading structural characterization

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Consequences of bullying victimization in childhood and adolescence:A systematic review and meta-analysis

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2017年第1期7卷 60-76页

作者： Sophie e Moore Rosana e Norman Shuichi Suetani Hannah J Thomas Peter D Sly James G scott Child Health Research Centre the University of Queensland Institute of Health and Biomedical Innova-tion Queensland University of Technology School of Public Health and Social Work Queensland University of Technology Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research the Park Centre for Mental Health Faculty of Medicine the University of Queensland the University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research the University of Queensland Metro North Mental Health Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital

AIM To identify health and psychosocial problems associated with bullying victimization and conduct a meta-analysis summarizing the causal *** A systematic review was conducted using Pub Med, eMBASe, eRIC and Psyc INFO electronic databases up to 28 February 2015. The study included published longitudinal and cross-sectional articles that examined health and psychosocial consequences of bullying victimization. All meta-analyses were based on qualityeffects models. evidence for causality was assessed using Bradford Hill criteria and the grading system developed by the World Cancer Research *** Out of 317 articles assessed for eligibility, 165 satisfied the predetermined inclusion criteria for *** significant associations were observed between bullying victimization and a wide range of adverse health and psychosocial problems. The evidence was strongest for causal associations between bullying victimization and mental health problems such as depression, anxiety, poor general health and suicidal ideation and behaviours. Probable causal associations existed between bullying victimization and tobacco and illicit drug use. CONCLUSION Strong evidence exists for a causal relationship between bullying victimization, mental health problems and substance use. evidence also exists for associations between bullying victimization and other adverse health and psychosocial problems, however, there is insufficient evidence to conclude causality. The strong evidence that bullying victimization is causative of mental illness highlights the need for schools to implement effective interventions to address bullying behaviours.

关键词： Bullying Victimization Systematic review Meta-analysis Child Adolescent

Caecal pH is a biomarker of excessive colonic fermentation

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第17期20卷 5000-5007页

作者： Adam D Farmer Sahar D Mohammed George e Dukes S Mark scott Anthony R Hobson Centre for Digestive Diseases Blizard Institute of Cell and Molecular ScienceWingate Institute of NeurogastroenterologyBarts and the London School of Medicine and DentistryQueen Mary University of LondonLondon E1 2AJUnited Kingdom GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development Durham County NC 27709-3398United States Functional Gut Clinic London W1G 6NBUnited Kingdom

AIM: To ascertain whether caecal pH is different in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), whose primary symptoms are bloating and distension, to healthy controls.

关键词： Caecal pH Caecoparesis Bloating Colonic microbiota Fermentation

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濒危动物大调查

环球科学 2024年第16期 22-27页

作者：斯科特·达特菲尔德不详

目前,全球有超过44000个物种面临灭绝的可能。由各国政府和民间社会组织组成的国际自然保护联盟(IUCN)一直密切关注着这些物种。自1964年以来,国际自然保护联盟一直在编制《危物种红色名录》,这是一份关于自然状态和动植物灭绝可能性的... 详细信息

目前,全球有超过44000个物种面临灭绝的可能。由各国政府和民间社会组织组成的国际自然保护联盟(IUCN)一直密切关注着这些物种。自1964年以来,国际自然保护联盟一直在编制《危物种红色名录》,这是一份关于自然状态和动植物灭绝可能性的综合指南。从“无危”到“灭绝”,国际自然保护联盟评估的每个物种都会被列入一个等级,以表明其保护状况。

关键词：红色名录濒危动物民间社会组织灭绝动植物物种联盟