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Preliminary evaluation of a decision support tool for biochar amendment

Biochar 2020年第1期2卷 93-105页

作者： Claire L.Phillips sarah E.Light Adam Lindsley Thomas A.Wanzek kylie m.meyer kristin m.Trippe USDA-ARS Forage Seed and Cereal Research Unit 3450 SW Campus WayCorvallisOR 97331USA University of California Cooperative Extension 142A Garden HighwayYuba CityCA 95991USA Department of Crop and Soil Science Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOR 97331USA

meta-analyses have shown that only about half of biochar addition studies report improved plant *** improve yield response,here we describe a decision support tool(DST)for selecting a biochar type and amendment rate to meet soil and crop management goals,based on soil and biochar tests values and crop requirements as reported by regional extension *** data from a greenhouse wheat trial,we assessed whether this approach could predict changes in soil chemistry and whether it could identify soils in which amendment would stimulate crop *** data indicated that the DST could provide semi-quantitative predictions of biochar amendment rates needed to meet target soil pH levels,with recommended rates averaging 25%higher than were *** DST was better at predicting biochar application rates to provision P and *** six soil types,post-harvest measurements of extractable-k showed an average 104%recovery of the quantities estimated to be provisioned by conifer wood or wheat straw ***-P recovery averaged 101%in two sandy soils with low P-retention but was considerably lower in four soils with higher P-retention ***-house data also showed that wheat growth improved only when biochar alleviated pH that was substantially below critical thresholds for plant growth,and supported the principle of using crop-specific pH requirements as part of an approach for biochar *** field trials that evaluate yield responses in several nutrient-deficient or acidified soils will be needed to provide a robust evaluation of this DST.

关键词： Wheat Liming Phosphorous Potassium Yield response

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Uncovering material deformations via machine learning combined with four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy

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npj Computational materials 2022年第1期8卷 1072-1080页

作者： Chuqiao Shi michael C.Cao sarah m.Rehn Sang-Hoon Bae Jeehwan kim matthew RJones David A.muller Yimo Han Department of materials Science and NanoEngineering Rice UniversityHoustonTXUSA School of Applied and Engineering Physics Cornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA Department of Chemistry Rice UniversityHoustonTXUSA Department of mechanical Engineering and materials Science Washington University in Saint LouisSaint LouisMOUSA Institute of materials Science and Engineering Washington University in Saint LouisSaint LouisMOUSA Department of mechanical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA kavli Institute for Nanoscale Science Cornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA

Understanding lattice deformations is crucial in determining the properties of nanomaterials,which can become more prominent in future applications ranging from energy harvesting to electronic ***,it remains challenging to reveal unexpected deformations that crucially affect material properties across a large sample ***,we demonstrate a rapid and semi-automated unsupervised machine learning approach to uncover lattice deformations in *** method utilizes divisive hierarchical clustering to automatically unveil multi-scale deformations in the entire sample flake from the diffraction data using four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy(4D-STEm).Our approach overcomes the current barriers of large 4D data analysis without a priori knowledge of the *** this purely data-driven analysis,we have uncovered different types of material deformations,such as strain,lattice distortion,bending contour,etc.,which can significantly impact the band structure and subsequent performance of nanomaterials-based *** envision that this data-driven procedure will provide insight into materials’intrinsic structures and accelerate the discovery of materials.

关键词： utilize purely overcome

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Relationship between apparent redox potential discontinuity (aRPD) depth and environmental variables in soft-sediment habitats

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2017年第4期32卷 472-480页

作者： Travis G.Gerwing Alyssa m.Allen Gerwing kieran Cox Francis Juanes sarah E.Dudas Ecosystem Science and management Program University of Northern British Columbia Department of Biology University of Victoria Department of Biology Vancouver Island University

As global temperatures increase and dissolved oxygen(DO) content decreases in marine systems, indices assessing sediment DO content in benthic habitats are becoming increasingly useful. One such measure is the depth to the apparent redox potential discontinuity(aRPD), a transition of sediment color that serves as a relative measure of sediment DO content. We examined spatiotemporal variation of aRPD depth, and the nature of the relationships between aRPD depth and biotic(infauna and epibenthic predators) and abiotic variables(sediment properties), as well as the availability of resources(chlorophyll a concentration, and organic matter content) in the intertidal mudflats of the Bay of Fundy, Canada. aRPD depth varied significantly through space and time, and a combination of biotic(sessile and errant infauna, as well as epibenthic predators), and abiotic(exposure time of a plot, sediment particle size,penetrability, and water content) variables, as well as the availability of resources(sediment organic matter content, and chlorophyll a concentration) were correlated with aRPD depth. As such, knowledge of both biotic and abiotic variables are required for a holistic understanding of sediment DO *** variables likely dictate a suite of potential aRPD depth conditions, while biota and resource availability, via bioturbation and respiration, strongly influence the observed aRPD depth. As DO conditions in marine systems will continue to change due to global climate change, elucidating these relationships are a key first step in predicting the influence decreasing DO content may have upon marine benthos.

关键词： Relationship between apparent redox potential discontinuity depth and environmental variables in soft-sediment habitats DO

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High Performance In Vivo Near-IR (>1 μm) Imaging and Photothermal Cancer Therapy with Carbon Nanotubes

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Nano Research 2010年第11期3卷 779-793页

作者： Joshua T.Robinson kevin Welsher Scott m.Tabakman sarah P.Sherlock Hailiang Wang Richard Luong Hongjie Dai Department of Chemistry Stanford UniversityStanfordCA 94305USA Department of Comparative medicine Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordCA 94305USA

Short single-walled carbon nanotubes(SWNTs)functionalized by PEGylated phospholipids are biologically non-toxic and long-circulating nanomaterials with intrinsic near infrared photoluminescence(NIR PL),characteristic Raman spectra,and strong optical absorbance in the near infrared(NIR).This work demonstrates the first dual application of intravenously injected SWNTs as photoluminescent agents for in vivo tumor imaging in the 1.0-1.4μm emission region and as NIR absorbers and heaters at 808 nm for photothermal tumor elimination at the lowest injected dose(70μg of SWNT/mouse,equivalent to 3.6 mg/kg)and laser irradiation power(0.6 W/cm2)reported to *** vivo resonance Raman imaging revealed the SWNT distribution within tumors at a high spatial *** tumor elimination was achieved for large numbers of photothermally treated mice without any toxic side effects after more than six months ***,side-by-side experiments were carried out to compare the performance of SWNTs and gold nanorods(AuNRs)at an injected dose of 700μg of AuNR/mouse(equivalent to 35 mg/kg)in NIR photothermal ablation of tumors in *** effective tumor elimination with SWNTs was achieved at 10 times lower injected doses and lower irradiation powers than for *** results suggest there are significant benefits of utilizing the intrinsic properties of biocompatible SWNTs for combined cancer imaging and therapy.

关键词： Photothermal cancer SWNT imaging treatment

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Aerodynamic Effects Compensation on multi-Rotor UAVs Based on a Neural Network Control Allocation Approach

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2022年第2期9卷 295-312页

作者： sarah P.madruga Augusto H.B.m.Tavares Saulo O.D.Luiz Tiago P.do Nascimento Antonio marcus N.Lima Graduate Program of Electrical Engineering Universidade Federal de Campina GrandeCampina Grande-PBBrazil Department of Electrical Engineering Universidade Federal de Campina GrandeCampina Grande-PBBrazil IEEE Department of Computer Systems Universidade Federal da ParaibaJoao Pessoa-PBBrazil

This paper shows that the aerodynamic effects can be compensated in a quadrotor system by means of a control allocation approach using neural ***,the system performance can be improved by replacing the classic allocation matrix,without using the aerodynamic inflow equations *** network training is performed offline,which requires low computational *** target system is a Parrot mAmBO drone whose flight control is composed of PD-PID controllers followed by the proposed neural network control allocation *** a quadrotor is particularly susceptible to the aerodynamics effects of interest to this work,because of its small *** compared the mechanical torques commanded by the flight controller,i.e.,the control input,to those actually generated by the actuators and established at the *** was observed that the proposed neural network was able to closely match them,while the classic allocation matrix could not achieve *** allocation error was also determined in both ***,the closed-loop performance also improved with the use of the proposed neural network control allocation,as well as the quality of the thrust and torque signals,in which we perceived a much less noisy behavior.

关键词： Aerodynamics effects control allocation minidrone multi-rotor UAV neural networks

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High-performance polymer electrolyte membranes incorporated with 2D silica nanosheets in high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第1期31卷 323-334,I0009页

作者： Zunmin Guo Jianuo Chen Jae Jong Byun Rongsheng Cai maria Perez-Page madhumita Sahoo Zhaoqi Ji sarah J.Haigh Stuart m.Holmes Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science The University of ManchesterM139PLUnited Kingdom Department of materials The University of ManchesterM139PLUnited Kingdom

Silica nanosheets(SN)derived from natural vermiculite(Verm)were successfully incorporated into polyethersulfone-polyvinylpyrrolidone(PES-PVP)polymer to fabricate high-temperature proton exchange membranes(HT-PEms).The content of SN filler was varied(0.1-0.75 wt%)to study its influence on proton conductivity,power density and *** from the hydroxyl groups of SN that enable the formation of additional proton-transferring pathways,the inorganic-organic membrane displayed enhanced proton conductivity of 48.2 mS/cm and power density of 495 mW/cm^(2) at 150℃ without humidification when the content of SN is 0.25 wt%.Furthermore,exfoliated SN(E-SN)and sulfonated SN(S-SN),which were fabricated by a liquid-phase exfoliation method and silane condensation,respectively,were embedded in PES-PVP polymer matrix by a simple blending *** to the significant contribution from sulfonic groups in S-SN,the membrane with 0.25 wt%S-SN reached the highest proton conductivity of51.5 mS/cm and peak power density of 546 mW/cm^(2) at150℃,48%higher than the pristine PES-PVP *** to unaltered PES-PVP membrane,SN added hybrid composite membrane demonstrated excellent durability for the fuel cell at 150℃.Using a facile method to prepare 2D SN from natural clay minerals,the strategy of exfoliation and functionalization of SN can be potentially used in the production of HT-PEms.

关键词： Silica nanosheets Vermiculite High-temperature proton exchange membrane Proton conductivity

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Lymphocyte phenotypes in wild-caught rats suggest potential mechanisms underlying increased immune sensitivity in post-industrial environments

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Cellular & molecular Immunology 2012年第2期9卷 163-174页

作者： Ashley m Trama Zoie E Holzknecht Anitra D Thomas kuei-Ying Su Sean m Lee Emily E Foltz sarah E Perkins Shu S Lin William Parker Department of Surgery Duke University Medical Center Durham NC 27710 USA Cardiff School of Biosciences Cardiff CFIO 3AX UK Department of Immunology Duke University Medical Center Durham NC 27710 USA

The immune systems of wild rats and of laboratory rats can been utilized as models of the human immune system in pre-industrial and post-industrial societies, respectively. In this study, lymphocyte phenotypes in wild rats were broadly characterized, and the results were compared to those obtained by us and by others using cells derived from various strains of laboratory rats. Although not expected, the production of regulatory T cells was not apparently different in wild rats compared to laboratory rats. On the other hand, differences in expression of markers involved in complement regulation, adhesion, signaling and maturation suggest increased complement regulation and decreased sensitivity in wild-caught rats compared to laboratory rats, and point toward complex differences between the maturation of T cells. The results potentially lend insight into the pathogenesis of post-industrial epidemics of allergy and autoimmune disease.

关键词： allergy autoimmunity biome hygiene immune regulation

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Endo-β-1,4-glucanases impact plant cell wall development by influencing cellulose crystallization

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2015年第4期57卷 396-410页

作者： magdalena Glass sarah Barkwill Faride Unda Shawn D.mansfield Department of Wood Science University of British Columbia

Cell walls are vital to the normal growth and development of plants as they protect the protoplast and provide rigidity to the stem. Here, two poplar and Arabidopsis orthologous endoglucanases, which have been proposed to play a role in secondary cell wall development, were examined. The class B endoglucanases, Pt GH9B5 and At GH9B5, are secreted enzymes that have a predicted glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor, while the class C endoglucanases, Pt GH9C2 and At GH9C2, are also predicted to be secreted but instead contain a carbohydrate-binding *** poplar endoglucanases were expressed in Arabidopsis using both a 35 S promoter and the Arabidopsis secondary cell wall-specific Ces A8 promoter. Additionally, Arabidopsis t-DNA insertion lines and an RNAiconstruct was created to downregulate At GH9C2 in Arabidopsis. All of the plant lines were examined for changes in cell morphology and patterning, growth and development, cell wall crystallinity, micro fibril angle, and proportion of cell wall carbohydrates. misregulation of Pt GH9B5/At GH9B5 resulted in changes in xylose content, while misregulation of Pt GH9C2/At GH9C2 resulted in changes in crystallinity, which was inversely correlated with changes in plant height and rosette diameter. Together, these results suggest that these endoglucanases affect secondary cell wall development by contributing to the cell wall crystallization process.

关键词： Cellulose cell walls crystallinity endoglucanase expansion glucose xylose

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The unfolded protein response signaling and retinal müller cell metabolism

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第11期13卷 1861-1870页

作者： kristen kelly Joshua J.Wang sarah X.Zhang Department of Ophthalmology and Neuroscience Program Ross Eye InstituteUniversity at BuffaloState University of New York SUNY Eye Institute State University of New YorkBuffaloNYUSA

The retina is one of the most energy demanding tissues in the body. Like most neurons in the central nervous system, retinal neurons consume high amounts of adenosine-5′-triphosphate（ATP） to generate visual signal and transmit the information to the brain. Disruptions in retinal metabolism can cause neuronal dysfunction and degeneration resulting in severe visual impairment and even blindness. The homeostasis of retinal metabolism is tightly controlled by multiple signaling pathways, such as the unfolded protein response（UPR）, and the close interactions between retinal neurons and other retinal cell types including vascular cells and müller glia. The UPR is a highly conserved adaptive cellular response and can be triggered by many physiological stressors and pathophysiological conditions. Activation of the UPR leads to changes in glycolytic rate, ATP production, de novo serine synthesis, and the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway, which are considered critical components of müller glia metabolism and provide metabolic support to surrounding neurons. When these pathways are disrupted, neurodegeneration occurs rapidly. In this review, we summarize recent advance in studies of the UPR in müller glia and highlight the potential role of the UPR in retinal degeneration through regulation of müller glia metabolism.

关键词： unfolded protein response retina müller glia metabolism neurodegeneration X-box binding protein 1 glycolysis glucose transporter

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The role of low-density lipoprotein （LDL） and high-density lipoprotein （HDL） in comparison with whole egg yolk for sperm cryopreservation in rhesus monkeys

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2011年第3期13卷 459-464,513页

作者： Qiao-Xiang Dong sarah E Rodenburg Dana Hill Catherine A VandeVoort School of Environmental Science and Public Health Wenzhou Medical College Wenzhou 325035 China California National Primate Research Center University of California Davis CA 95616 USA Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology School of Medicine University of California Davis CA 95616 USA

Low-density lipoprotein （LDL） extracted from hen egg yolk has recently been considered to be superior to whole egg yolk in sperm cryopreservation of various animal species. meanwhile, there was a notion that high-density lipoprotein （HDL） in egg yolk may have a negative effect on post-thaw survival. The role of LDL and HDL in sperm cryopreservation of rhesus monkeys has not been explored. The present study evaluates their effect in comparison with egg yolk with or without the addition of permeable cryoprotectant （glycerol） on sperm cryopreservation of rhesus macaques. In addition, various additives intended to change the lipid composition of LDL-sperm membrane complex have also been tested for their effectiveness in preserving post-thaw viability. Our findings indicated that LDL is the main component in egg yolk that is responsible for its protective role for sperm cryopreservation in rhesus monkeys. Regardless of the presence or absence of glycerol, the protective role of LDL is similar to that of egg yolk and we did not observe any superiority in post-thaw survival with LDL when compared to egg yolk. modifying the lipid composition of LDL-sperm membrane complex with the addition of cholesterol, cholesterol loaded cyclodextrin and phosphatidylcholine also did not yield any improvements in pest-thaw survival; while addition of methyl-β-cyclodextrin reduced post-thaw motility. HDL plays a neutral role in sperm cryopreservation of rhesus monkeys. The present study suggests that egg yolk may still hold advantages when compared with LDL as effective components in extenders for sperm cryopreservation in rhesus monkeys.

关键词： non-human primates sperm cryopreservation low-density lipoprotein high-density lipoprotein egg yolk

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