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Gabapentin prevalence:clinical and forensic experience in ***,Missouri,USA

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Forensic Sciences Research 2021年第4期6卷 218-223页

作者： sarah B.Riley Kelsie Garbutt Chelsea Crow t.Scott Isbell Anthony J.Scalzo school of Medicine Department of Pathology saint Louis Universityst.LouisMissouriUs school of Medicine Department of Pediatrics saint Louis Universityst.LouisMissouriUs Department of sociology and anthropology Forensic sciences Programsaint Louis Universityst.LouisMissouriUSA

Gabapentin(Neurontin)is an anti-epileptic drug that has had wide off-label prescription use since market release due to presumed negligible abuse ***,trends in drug misuse have demonstrated that gabapentin misuse is occurring,particularly in those with a history of opioid *** is concerning,because although gabapentin has no direct ligand activity at opioid receptors,it does potentiate the analgesic effect of opioids,and concurrent use of gabapentin and opioids may increase the risk of respiratory depressive effects of *** study investigates the incidence of gabapentin detected in urine samples collected for clinical drug screening purposes in a local hospital emergency department and in postmortem samples submitted by medical examiners in the *** metropolitan *** prevalence of gabapentin and co-detected drugs in both populations is contrasted,compared,and *** study found that 30%of urine samples collected from patients with suspected drug intoxication presenting to SSM Health Saint Louis University Hospital,a quaternary care medical center,were positive for gabapentin,and nearly two thirds of those were also positive for *** a 6-month period,the incidence of gabapentin positive postmortem cases increased from 18%to 20%.Nearly all gabapentin positive postmortem cases were also positive for an opioid,the most significant being fentanyl,suggesting that gabapentin misuse may be due to its potentiating effect of opioid drug *** study also highlights the limited utility of immunoassay-based urine drug screens.

关键词： Forensic toxicology clinical toxicology substance misuse gabapentin urine drug screening postmortem mass spectrometry

Urban Park Soil and Vegetation: Effects of Natural and Anthropogenic Factors

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Pedosphere 2015年第3期25卷 392-404页

作者： Pariente sarah Helena Michaela ZHEVELEV Atar OZ Laboratory of Geomorphology and Soil Department of Geography and EnvironmentBar-Ilan University

Various soil surface components, such as trees, shrubs and biological crusts, and human recreational activities, e.g., barbecues and trampling by visitors, may divide the area of the urban park into smaller fragments/mieroenvironments, differentiated by their microenvironmental conditions, which may differ in soil and vegetation characteristics. the spatial changes in the soil and vegetation characteristics and their causes were investigated in an urban park located south of tel Aviv-Jaffa, Israel. the area of the park is 0.5 km^2, including groves, a lake, lawns, and rest areas. Soil was sampled in nine microenvironments, of which seven were within the park： under Ceratonia siliqua trees （CsU）, under Ficus sycomorus trees （FLU）, rest area between tables under F. sycomorus （FIB）, rest area under tables under F. sycomorus （FIt）, open area with bare soil （OaS）, open area with biological crust cover （OaC）, and open area covered by herbaceous vegetation （OaV）. two more microenvironments, planar and sloping open areas （CoP and CoS, respectively） in the vicinity of the park, were used as the controls. Electrical conductivity, concentrations of soluble ions （Mg^2＋, Ca^2＋, Na^＋, K^＋ and HCO3）, pH, contents of organic carbon, calcium carbonate and moisture, and grain size distribution were determined. In addition, herbaceous vegetation cover, number and diversity of herbaceous vegetation species were measured. It was found that soil properties and herbaceous vegetation characteristics varied within the park. Soil organic carbon, electrical conductivity, soluble salts, penetration depth, and vegetation characteristics were affected by human activities, mainly in the rest area between the tables. In contrast, the above characteristics were affected by natural factors mainly in the rest of the microenvironments, which were subjected to low levels of anthropogenic intervention. the heterogeneous structure of the park, as represented by the various microenvironments, offered new

关键词： anthropogenic activity herbaceous vegetation microenvironment soil properties species diversity

the Fold-Illuminator:A low-cost,portable,and disposable incubator-illuminator device

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Synthetic and Systems Biotechnology 2021年第2期6卷 95-101页

作者： Logan R.Burrington Emran Baryal Katherine Hui Emmett Lambert sarah t.Harding Javin P.Oza Chemistry and Biochemistry Department College of Science and MathCalifornia Polytechnic State UniversitySan Luis ObispoCA93407USA Mechanical Engineering Department College of EngineeringCalifornia Polytechnic State UniversitySan Luis ObispoCA93407USA

Fluorescent reporters have revolutionized modern applications in the fields of molecular and synthetic biology,enabling applications ranging from education to point-of-care *** advancements in these fields have primarily focused on improving reaction conditions,the development of new applications,and the broad dissemination of these ***,field and classroom-based applications have remained limited in part due to the nature of fluorescent signal detection,which often requires the use of costly lab equipment to observe and quantify fluorescence *** without access to laboratory equipment rely on qualitative assessments of fluorescence,a process that remains highly variable from user-to-user even within the same *** overcome this challenge,we have developed a foldable illuminator and incubator device to support field-applications of synthetic biology-based biosensors for education and *** Fold-Illuminator is an affordable,portable,and recyclable device that allows for the visible detection of fluorescent *** Fold-Illuminator’s design allows for assembly in under 10 min,a user can then utilize the optional heating element to incubate biochemical reactions and visualize fluorescence outputs in a defined and light-controlled *** LED strips and light-filtering screens provide modularity to pair with the fluorescence wavelengths of *** user can then unfold the device for convenient storage,transport,or even *** cost for the Fold-Illuminator is$5.58 USD and is compatible with an optional heating element for an additional$3.98 cost,with potential for further reductions in cost for larger ***-source templates for cutting device parts from paper stock are provided for both printing and cutting by hand;cutting can also be achieved with consumer-grade smart cutting machines such as the Cricut®.Combined with the broad applications of fluorescent reporters

关键词： Illuminator Incubator Fluorescent reporter Education Diagnostics Frugal science

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应对遗传性代谢病诊断和治疗的新挑战

中华儿科杂志 2005年第2期43卷 81-82页

作者： Joe t.R.clarke 应艳琴罗小平加拿大多伦多大学多伦多儿童医院临床遗传代谢病科

Scriver及其同事编撰的(the Metabolic and Molecular Bases of Inherited Disease) 一书,由于每一版内容的不断增加而成为宏篇巨著,它准确地反映了过去30年来遗传代谢病领域的迅速进展.随着对遗传代谢病认识的深入和筛查、诊断技术的... 详细信息

Scriver及其同事编撰的(the Metabolic and Molecular Bases of Inherited Disease) 一书,由于每一版内容的不断增加而成为宏篇巨著,它准确地反映了过去30年来遗传代谢病领域的迅速进展.随着对遗传代谢病认识的深入和筛查、诊断技术的不断改善,越来越多的疾病可在早期得到诊断,治疗效果也越来越好,新型治疗方法的出现对疾病的预后产生了很大的影响.许多既往在儿童期即夭折的遗传代谢病患者现在已可存活至成年,并可与健康人一样生活[1,2];另方面,遗传性代谢病的诊断和治疗领域正面临新的挑战.

关键词：遗传性代谢病诊断治疗特异性酶受体

Effect of Diabetes Self-Management Education on Glycaemic Control in Sudanese Adults with type 2 Diabetes

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第3期12卷 316-327页

作者： Sahar Moawia Balla Elnour tayseer Abdelmotalib Ahmed taha Haiam Abdalla Wadatalla Ziryab Zainelabdin Mohamed Elmahdi Marwah Isam Abdulmajeed Mohammedahmed Rowa Abdelmonem Sidig Hamadto Nahla Yousif Osman Mohammed Saeed Omnia Mubarak Saad Abdallah Sulafa Abdelbagi Mustafa Ahmed Hanady Abdelhameed Ahmed Mohamed sarah Khalil Fathi Khalil Family Medicine Health Gates Primary Care Riyadh SAU Family Medicine Dhaman Health Assurance Hospitals Company Kuwait KWT Family Medicine First Health Cluster Riyadh SAU Emergency Department Sheikh Khalifa Medical City Abudahbi ARE Family Medicine University of Medical Sciences and Technology Khartoum SDN Family Medicine Sudan Medical Specialization Board-Sudan Khartoum SDN Family Medicine Ultra Care Home Care Company Riyadh SAU Medicine Department Health Gates Primary Care Riyadh SAU Family Medicine Mouwasat Hospital Madinah SAU

Research Background: the high prevalence of diabetes in Sudan, estimated at 16%, highlights the importance of effective health education in diabetes management. Diabetes self-management education has been identified as a crucial tool in enhancing the knowledge, attitudes, and abilities necessary for self-management among individuals with diabetes. Aim: to assess the impact of diabetes self-management education on medication adherence and glycemic control in Sudanese adults with type 2 diabetes before and 3 months after the DSME intervention. Method: the study was conducted in Sudan between September 2022 and March 2023, it was an interventional, one-group, pre- and post-test study that aimed to assess the impact of diabetes self-management education (DSME) on medication adherence and diabetes control in Sudanese adults with type 2 diabetes. the research was conducted in primary health care centers in six cities in Sudan and involved 244 participants. the data entry and statistical analysis were conducted using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 27.0. A paired t test was used for analysis. Results: the study included 244 participants, 67% of whom were males. the age mean ± SD was 48.6 ± 9.3 years, and 85.3% of participants were married. Age at onset of diabetes mean ± SD was 40.60 ± 7.81 years;44.6% had diabetes for less than 5 years;and 84.1% had a positive family history of diabetes mellitus. the levels of poor, low, and partial adherence to medication decreased by 8.2%, 4%, and 20.6%, respectively, after the intervention. the levels of good and high medication regime adherence increased by 13% and 19.8%, respectively;BMI decreased by 1.1 ± 0.73 kg/m2 (p = 0.005). the fasting blood sugar decreased by 69 ± 32.9 mg/dl (p = 0.049), and the glycated hemoglobin decreased by 1.21 ± 0.28% (p = 0.001). Conclusions: the findings of this study reinforce the importance of patient education in improving glycemic control and enhancing self-management

关键词： Sudan Adherence Intervention Education Self-Management Diabetes

Doped graphene/carbon black hybrid catalyst giving enhanced oxygen reduction reaction activity with high resistance to corrosion in proton exchange membrane fuel cells

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第5期31卷 143-153页

作者： Zhaoqi Ji Jianuo Chen María Pérez-Page Zunmin Guo Ziyu Zhao Rongsheng Cai Maxwell t.P.Rigby sarah J.Haigh Stuart M.Holmes School of Automotive Engineering Harbin Institute of TechnologyWeihai264209ShandongChina Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science The University of ManchesterManchester M139PLUK Department of Materials The University of ManchesterManchester M139PLUK

Nitrogen doping of the carbon is an important method to improve the performance and durability of catalysts for proton exchange membrane fuel cells by platinum–nitrogen and carbon–nitrogen bonds. this study shows that p-phenyl groups and graphitic N acting bridges linking platinum and the graphene/carbon black(the ratio graphene/carbon black = 2/3) hybrid support materials achieved the average size of platinum nanoparticles with(4.88 ± 1.79) nm. It improved the performance of the lower-temperature hydrogen fuel cell up to 0.934 W cm^(-2) at 0.60 V, which is 1.55 times greater than that of commercial Pt/C. Doping also enhanced the interaction between Pt and the support materials, and the resistance to corrosion, thus improving the durability of the low-temperature hydrogen fuel cell with a much lower decay of 10 mV at 0.80 A cm^(-2) after 30 k cycles of an in-situ accelerated stress test of catalyst degradation than that of 92 mV in Pt/C, which achieves the target of Department of Energy(t/Nr EGO_(2)-CB_(3) remains 78% of initial power density at 1.5 A cm^(-2) after 5 k cycles of in-situ accelerated stress test of carbon corrosion, which is more stable than the power density of commercial Pt/C, keeping only 54% after accelerated stress test.

关键词： Nitrogen doped graphene Low-temperature hydrogen fuel cell Catalyst degradation Carbon corrosion

Graphene/carbon structured catalyst layer to enhance the performance and durability of the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第12期75卷 399-407,I0011页

作者： Zhaoqi Ji Jianuo Chen Zunmin Guo Ziyu Zhao Rongsheng Cai Maxwell t.P.Rigby sarah J.Haigh Maria Perez-Page Yitao Shen Stuart M.Holmes School of Automotive Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology(Weihai)Weihai 264209ShandongChina Department of Chemical Engineering The University of ManchesterManchester M139PLUK Department of Materials The University of ManchesterManchester M139PLUK

In this study,nitrogen doped electrochemically exfoliated reduced graphene oxide and carbon black supported platinum(Pt/Nr EGO_(2)-CB_(3))has been prepared to enhance the performance and durability of hightemperature PEMFCs with lower Pt *** the one hand,Pt/Nr EGO_(2)-CB_(3)with the strong interaction between the Pt and nitrogen(N)prevent agglomeration of Pt particles and Pt particles is 5.46±1.46 nm,which is smaller than that of 6.78±1.34 nm in Pt/***,ECSA of Pt/Nr EGO_(2)-CB_(3)decrease 13.65%after ASt,which is much lower than that of 97.99%in Pt/*** the other hand,the Nr EGO flakes in MEAac act as a barrier to mitigate phosphoric acid redistribution,which improves the formation of triple-phase boundaries(tPBs)and gives stable operation of the MEAacwith a lower decay rate of 0.02 mV h^(-1)within100 *** steady-state operation,the maximum power density of Pt/Nr EGO_(2)-CB_(3)(0.411 W cm^(-2))is three times higher than that of conventional Pt/C(0.134 W cm^(-2))in high-temperature *** ASt,the mass transfer resistance of Pt/Nr EGO_(2)-CB_(3)electrode(0.560Ωcm^(2))is lower than that in Pt/C(0.728Ωcm^(2)).

关键词： High-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell Phosphoric acid loss Pt catalyst degradation Accelerated stress test Durability

Endo-β-1,4-glucanases impact plant cell wall development by influencing cellulose crystallization

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2015年第4期57卷 396-410页

作者： Magdalena Glass sarah Barkwill Faride Unda Shawn D.Mansfield Department of Wood Science University of British Columbia

Cell walls are vital to the normal growth and development of plants as they protect the protoplast and provide rigidity to the stem. Here, two poplar and Arabidopsis orthologous endoglucanases, which have been proposed to play a role in secondary cell wall development, were examined. the class B endoglucanases, Pt GH9B5 and At GH9B5, are secreted enzymes that have a predicted glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor, while the class C endoglucanases, Pt GH9C2 and At GH9C2, are also predicted to be secreted but instead contain a carbohydrate-binding *** poplar endoglucanases were expressed in Arabidopsis using both a 35 S promoter and the Arabidopsis secondary cell wall-specific Ces A8 promoter. Additionally, Arabidopsis t-DNA insertion lines and an RNAiconstruct was created to downregulate At GH9C2 in Arabidopsis. All of the plant lines were examined for changes in cell morphology and patterning, growth and development, cell wall crystallinity, micro fibril angle, and proportion of cell wall carbohydrates. Misregulation of Pt GH9B5/At GH9B5 resulted in changes in xylose content, while misregulation of Pt GH9C2/At GH9C2 resulted in changes in crystallinity, which was inversely correlated with changes in plant height and rosette diameter. together, these results suggest that these endoglucanases affect secondary cell wall development by contributing to the cell wall crystallization process.

关键词： Cellulose cell walls crystallinity endoglucanase expansion glucose xylose

Neuro-optimized numerical treatment of HIV infection model

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International Journal of Biomathematics 2021年第5期14卷 199-220页

作者： Anas Bilal Guangmin Sun sarah Mazhar Zhang Junjie Faculty of Information technology Beijing University of TechnologyChaoyang District Beijing 100124P.R.China

In this paper,a neuro-optimized numerical method is presented for approximation of HIV virus progression model in the human *** model is composed of coupled nonlinear system of differential equations(DEs)containing healthy and infected t-Cells and HIV free virus *** coupled system is transformed into feedforward artificial neural network(ANN)with Mexican hat wavelet function in the hidden *** meta-heuristic algorithms based on chaotic particle swarm optimization(CPSO)and its hybrid version with local search technique are exploited to tune the parameters of ANN in an unsupervised manner of error function.A comprehensive testbed is established to observe the virus growth per day with performance metric containing fitness value,computational time complexity and *** proposed solutions are compared with state of art Runge-Kutta method and Legendre Wavelet Collocation Method(LWCM).the core advantages of the proposed scheme are getting the solution on continuous grid,consistent convergence,simplicity in implementation and handling strong nonlinearity effectively.

关键词： HIV infection Mexican hat wavelet artificial neural network chaotic particle swarm optimization hybrid computational method Monte Carlo simulations