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A combination of density-based clustering method and DEM to numerically investigate the breakage of bonded pharmaceutical granules in the ball milling process

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Particuology 2021年第5期19卷 153-168页

作者： Alexander Krok Peter Peciar Kieran Coffey Keith Bryan sandra Lenihan Department of Process Energy and Transport EngineeringMunster Technological UniversityBishopstownCork T12 P928Ireland Department of Mechanical Biomedical and Manufacturing EngineeringMunster Technological UniversityBishopstownCork T12 P928Ireland Pfizer Newbridge LittleconnellNewbridgeCo.Kildare W12 HX57Ireland Institute of Process Engineering Faculty of Mechanical EngineeringSlovak University of TechnologyNam.Slobody 1781231 BratislavaSlovakia

Ball milling is widely used in industry to mill particulate *** primary purpose of this process is to attain an appropriate product size with the least possible energy *** process is also extensively utilised in pharmaceuticals for the comminution of the excipients or ***,for ball mill,little is known concerning the mechanism of size *** prediction approaches are not deemed useful to provide significant insights into the operation or facilitate radical step changes in ***,the discrete element method(DEM)as a computational modelling approach has been used in this *** previous research,DEM has been applied to simulate breaking behaviour through the impact energy of all ball collisions as the driving force for ***,the nature of pharmaceutical material fragmentation during ball milling is more *** functional equations which link broken media and applied energy do not consider the collision of particulate media of different shapes or collisions of particulate media(such as granules)with balls and rotating mill *** could have a significant impact on ***,this paper aimed to investigate the fragmentation of bounded particles into DEM granules of different shape/size during the ball milling process.A systematic study was undertaken to explore the effect of milling speed on breakage ***,in this study,a combination of a density-based clustering method and discrete element method was employed to numerically investigate the number and size of the fragments generated during the ball milling process over *** was discovered that the collisions of the ball increased proportionally with rotation speed until reaching the critical rotation ***,results illustrate that with an increase of rotation speed,the mill power increased *** caratacting motion of mill material together with balls was identified as the most

关键词： Ball milling Granular pharmaceutical lactose Density-based clustering Discrete element method Breakage Mill rotation speed ABAQUS

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In search for novel strategies towards neuroprotection and neuroregeneration: is PPARα a promising therapeutic target?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2015年第9期10卷 1409-1412页

作者： sandra Moreno Maria Paola Cerù Department of Science-LIME University Roma Tre Department of Life Health and Environmental Sciences University of L’AquilaCoppito (AQ) Italy

Peroxisome proliferator activated receptors： In the early 1990s, seminal work on rodent liver demonstrated that the hypolipidemic effect of xenobiotics, referred to as peroxisome proliferators, was mediated by a member of steroid hormone receptor superfamily, thus designated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors （PPARs）（Issemann and Green, 1990; Dreyer et al., 1992）. The research field opened by this discovery led to the identification of three isotypes, namely PPARa （NR1C1）, PPAR[3/6 （NRIC2）, PPARy （NRIC3）, in a wide range of tissues. All these receptors act as ligand-activated transcription factors, binding lipid molecules with different, though overlapping, specificity.

关键词： PPAR a promising therapeutic target is PPAR

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Contested incrementalism: Elemental’s Quinta Monroy settlement fifteen years on

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2021年第2期10卷 263-273页

作者： David O’Brien sandra Carrasco Faculty of Architecture Building and PlanninsThe University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia School of Architecture and Built Environment University of NewcastleAustralia

Quinta Monroy is an award-winning co-designed settlement for 93 families on half a hectare of land at Iquique in northern ***,complaints about the disorderly settlement peaked after the landowner^death and provoked untenured residents to seek government subsidies to redevelop the *** 2003,a government social housing project was coordinated by the,,Elementar,architecture firm with US$10,000 per *** the residenfs temporary relocation,93 modular and interlinked apartments were built around a series of *** apartments,which were designed as,fhalf-houses,M were subsequently co-opted by residents adding rooms in locations planned in advance by *** households have since doubled the size of their apartment and reformed the settlement in ways not anticipated by *** paper details a spatial and ethnographic study of the Quinta Monroy settlement since redevelopment to identify opportunities and risks that accompany this type of social housing *** study reveals evidence that residents,capacities to enlarge apartments commonly exceeds the architects expectations and that unregulated expansions often compromise the settlements *** research anticipates further opportunities for expansion in this semi-regulated settlement and investigates possibilities that another contested slum settlement may emerge.

关键词： Social housing Incremental development Co-design Aravena Chile

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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and obesity: Biochemical, metabolic and clinical presentations

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第28期20卷 9330-9337页

作者： sandra Milic Davorka Lulic Davor Stimac Division of Gastroenterology Department of Internal MedicineUniversity Hospital Rijeka

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease in the world. Presentation of the disease ranges from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). NAFLD is a hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome that includes central abdominal obesity along with other components. Up to 80% of patients with NAFLD are obese, defined as a body mass index (BMI) > 30 kg/m2. However, the distribution of fat tissue plays a greater role in insulin resistance than the BMI. The large amount of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) in morbidly obese (BMI > 40 kg/m2) individuals contributes to a high prevalence of NAFLD. Free fatty acids derived from VAT tissue, as well as from dietary sources and de novo lipogenesis, are released to the portal venous system. Excess free fatty acids and chronic low-grade inflammation from VAT are considered to be two of the most important factors contributing to liver injury progression in NAFLD. In addition, secretion of adipokines from VAT as well as lipid accumulation in the liver further promotes inflammation through nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathways, which are also activated by free fatty acids, and contribute to insulin resistance. Most NAFLD patients are asymptomatic on clinical presentation, even though some may present with fatigue, dyspepsia, dull pain in the liver and hepatosplenomegaly. Treatment for NAFLD and NASH involves weight reduction through lifestyle modifications, anti-obesity medication and bariatric surgery. This article reviews the available information on the biochemical and metabolic phenotypes associated with obesity and fatty liver disease. The relative contribution of visceral and liver fat to insulin resistance is discussed, and recommendations for clinical evaluation of affected individuals is provided.

关键词： Fatty liver Insulin resistance Intra-abdominal fat Metabolism Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Obesity

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Effects of a poly(hydroxyalkanoate)elastomer and kraft pulp fibres on biocomposite properties and three-dimensional(3D)printability of filaments for fused deposition modelling

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Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts 2022年第3期7卷 161-172页

作者： sandra Rodríguez-Fabià Gary Chinga-Carrasco RISE PFI Høgskoleringen 6bTrondheim 7491Norway

Three-dimensional(3D)printing is a useful technique that allows the creation of objects with complex structures by deposition of successive layers of *** materials are often from fossil ***,efforts are being made to produce environmentally friendly materials for 3D *** addition of lignocellulosic fibres to a polymer matrix is one of the alternatives to replace,for instance,glass fibres in composites as reinforcing *** fields of biocom-posites and 3D printing open innovative application areas for pulp fibres from the pulp and paper *** this work,biocomposites of poly(lactic acid)(PLA),poly(hydroxyalkanoate)(PHA)and kraft pulp fibres were prepared in order to find a suitable formulation for filaments for 3D *** effect of two different types of kraft fibres(bleached(B)and unbleached(U))and of PHA on the mechanical and thermal properties of the biocomposites was *** addition of 30%kraft fibres to PLA resulted in an increase of the tensile modulus from 3074 to∼4800 *** the case of biocomposites containing PHA(50%PLA/20%PHA/30%kraft)the increase in modulus was more moderate(PLA+PHA+U:3838 MPa,and PLA+PHA+B:3312 MPa).The tensile strength of PLA(66 MPa)increased to 77 MPa in PLA+kraft biocomposites,while a reduc-tion in strength was observed for PLA+PHA+U(43 MPa)and PLA+PHA+B(32 MPa).Filaments prepared with PLA,PHA and bleached and unbleached pulp fibres showed similar printability of complex geometries,demonstrating that unbleached pulp fibres could also be utilized in the preparation of biocomposites with good mechanical performance and 3D printing properties.

关键词： biocomposites 3D printing Poly(lactic acid) Kraft pulp

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Performance test of organic planting bags for woody plant seedlings

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2020年第5期13卷 93-98页

作者： Musthofa Lutfi Wahyunanto Agung Nugroho Huy Thanh Vo Gunomo Djoyowasito Ary Mustofa Ahmad sandra sandra Department of Agricultural Engineering Faculty of Agricultural TechnologyBrawijaya UniversityMalang 65145Indonesia Division of Urban Infrastructural Engineering Mien Trung University of Civil EngineeringPhu Yen 56000Vietnam

Organic planting bag has been developed to overcome both weaknesses of plastic polybags,contaminating the soil and damaging the plant’s root when *** improvement in this stage was achieved by inserting coconut fiber to strengthen a *** main purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of seedling and transplanting by using organic planting bags,employed,three woody plants,i.e.,Albizia(Albizia julibrissin),Cadam(Neolamarckia cadamba)and Gmelina(Gmelina arborea).Performance testing of organic plant bags was conducted on three compositions of coconut fiber and water *** stages of experiments were conducted to know bag ***,the testing of organic plant bags during the nursery was conducted for 50 d from day 0 to day ***,the testing of organic plant bags after transplanting and observed on days 60,70,and 80,after transplanted on the *** parameters in this study were plant height,a total of roots that penetrate the organic plant bags and a total of leaves and stem diameters of plant grown in the organic bag and transplanting on *** results showed that organic planting bag with the composition 155 g of coconut fiber and 505 g of water hyacinth(A3B3)has 0.020 kg/cm^(2) compressive strength and provides the best plant growth *** strength affects the number of roots which penetrate the organic ***,the growth of seed in organic bags is faster than that in *** shows a higher growth rate(0.379 cm/d)compared to Cadam and Gmelina.

关键词： seedling effectiveness organic planting bag nursery transplanting woody plant

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Climatic and fire determinants of early life-history stages in the Mediterranean shrub Cistus albidus

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2020年第1期13卷 3-11页

作者： sandra Saura-Mas Anna Saperas Franciso Lloret Center for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications(CREAF) E 08193 BellaterraBarcelonaSpain Unit of Ecology Department of Animal and Plant Biology and EcologyAutonomous University of BarcelonaE-08193 BellaterraBarcelonaSpain

Aims Cistus albidus reproductive traits have been studied on typical Mediterranean shrublands along a water availability gradient in Northeastern Iberian *** of this species is known to be highly favoured by ***,Mediterranean species are particularly dependent on water ***,we establish the hypothesis that in addition to fire disturbance,seedling recruitment in this Mediterranean seeder will be improved in drought-induced episodes resulting in generalized canopy *** Individuals of several populations of *** were collected and the size,weight and number of fruits and seeds were *** tests were also carried out on five pre-germination treatments:seeds’exposure to heat shock,imbibition,two cycles of imbibition/desiccation and the combination of heat shock and imbibition and imbibition/desiccation ***,the number of seedlings after a drought event was surveyed in the field and correlated with canopy *** findings Our study shows the variability of the *** reproductive traits,such as germination rate or fruit production,along the water availability *** variability resulted in a decrease in fruit production but an increase in successful germination under drier *** albidus seeds increased germination with heat,demonstrating their ability to successfully establish after ***,recruitment was not exclusively fire dependent since seedling establishment was higher under *** canopies that had collapsed after the extreme ***,adult density increased *** die-off and mortality,as well as seedling *** results suggest that this species exhibits a trade-off between different reproductive outcomes(*** production ***),which in turn is determined by *** study also provides evidence of how intra-specific competition,climate,particularly drought events and fire disturbance,can determine th

关键词： seeder germination Cistus albidus life history Mediterranean fire drought resilience

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A biophysical perspective on the unexplored mechanisms driving Parkinson’s disease by amphetamine-like stimulants

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第11期16卷 2213-2214页

作者： Carla Ferreira Joana Couceiro sandra Tenreiro Alexandre Quintas Molecular Pathology and Forensic Biochemistry Laboratory Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas MonizP-2825-084 CaparicaPortugal Laboratório de Ciências Forenses e Psicológicas Egas Moniz Campus Universitário–Quinta da GranjaMonte de CaparicaP-2825-084 CaparicaPortugal Faculty of Medicine of Porto University Al.Prof.Hernâni MonteiroP-4200–319 PortoPortugal iNOVA4Health CEDOCNOVA Medical SchoolNMSUniversidade Nova de Lisboa1169-056 LisboaPortugal

Epidemiological studies have reported an increased risk of Parkinson’s disease(PD)development in amphetamine-type stimulant users during their lifetime(Garwood et al.,2006;Rumpf et al.,2017).Protein inclusions mainly composed of misfolded and aggregatedα-synuclein are the pathological hallmark of PD and other disorders known as *** studies present evidence that amphetamine upregulatesα-synuclein synthesis in substantia *** increment ofα-synuclein levels promotes its aggregation and amyloid fibril formation,increasing reactive oxygen species(ROS),and consequently dopamine oxidation(Wang and Witt,2014),known to be toxic for dopaminergic neurons involved in motor function and limbicmotor *** the years,these damaged cells lose their functionality and may die precociously,depleting the reserve of neural cells necessary for the normal neurological function which contributes to the onset of PD,when a critical number of cells are lost(Garwood et al.,2006).Therefore,the use of amphetamine-type stimulants may be a trigger event in the development of PD and parkinsonism,in conjugation to other risk factors that a given individual may *** the evidence,a previous study suggests that there is not enough data to corroborate the loss of dopamine neurons due to human amphetamine-type stimulant exposure,and consequently its implication in the PD development(Kish et al.,2017).

关键词： driving increment lifetime

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Laser texturing of piston ring for tribological performance improvement

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Friction 2023年第10期11卷 1895-1905页

作者： Rita FERREIRA Óscar CARVALHO Luís SOBRAL sandra CARVALHO Filipe SILVA CMEMS-UMinho University of MinhoGuimarães 4800058Portugal LABBELS-Associate Laboratory Guimarães 4800058Portugal CEMMPRE-Center for Mechanical Engineering Materials and ProcessesUniversity of CoimbraRua Luís Reis SantosCoimbra 3030-788Portugal MAHLE Componentes de MotoresS.A.Núcleo Industrial de MurtedeCantanhede 3060-372Portugal

The radial surface coating layer of compression piston rings is used to improve their wear resistance during the internal combustion engine ***,at top dead centers,the friction coefficient of the piston ring–cylinder liner pair is detrimental to the engine’s tribological *** this work,dimples with different texture dimensions and densities were tested in a home-developed *** friction coefficient was measured for all samples,and for those with the best results,their wear resistance was *** texture with an aspect ratio of 0.25 and a density area of 15%reported the best tribological results.

关键词： piston ring surface texture friction wear

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Epidemiological and Paraclinical Aspects of Helicobacter pylori Infection among Hepatitis B Virus Carriers in the Republic of Congo

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Open Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第5期14卷 184-191页

作者： Jile Florient Mimiesse Monamou Nuptia Kanoha Elenga Ngala Itoua Ngaporo Clausina Ahoui Apendi Marlyse Ngalessami Mouakosso Arnaud Mongo Onkouo Mauria Ibobi Rody Stéphane Ngami Mardoché Motoula Latou Hostaud Atipo Ibara Céline sandra Adoua Déby Gassaye Blaise Irénée Atipo Ibara Department of Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine Brazzaville University Hospital Brazzaville The Republic of Congo Faculty of Health Sciences Marien Ngouabi University Brazzaville The Republic of Congo

Objective: Describe the epidemiological and paraclinical aspects of HP infection in hepatitis B virus carriers. Population and Method: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study running from January 1 to August 30, 2019, a period of 8 months. It took place in the Hospital Centers of the two major cities of Congo (Brazzaville and Pointe-Noire). The target population of our study consists of patients carrying HBV under antiviral treatment or not. Patients aged at least 18 years and consenting with a biological and morphological assessment were included. We did not include in our study patients taking or having taken antibiotics and/or PPIs less than 4 weeks ago. We excluded all patients who did not deposit fresh stools and those in whom stool extraction could not be done manually. The variables studied covered sociodemographic, clinical and paraclinical aspects. Data entry was done using Excel 8.0 software. Statistical analysis was carried out with SPSS 20.0 software. Results: During our study, we included 169 patients. The frequency of HPAG in the stools of HBV carriers in our study population was 63.9% (n = 109). Male patients represented 69% (n = 75) and female patients represented 31% (n = 34). The average age of the patients is 43.92 ± 13.51 years with extremes of 18 years and 80 years. Concerning profession, unemployed patients and those working in the private sector were the most represented in respectively 28.4% (n = 31) and 22.9% (n = 25) without statistical link. Households comprising between 4 - 10 people and the use of public latrines were the risk factors most represented in respectively 69% (n = 75) and 88% (n = 96) without statistical link. Clinically, hepatomegaly and signs of portal hypertension were most represented in 53% (n = 58) and 47% (n = 51). Biologically, HBV DNA was detectable in 60.5% of cases (n = 66).

关键词： Helicobacter pylori Hepatitis B Virus Congo

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