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Can we predict which patients with community-acquired pneumonia are likely to have positive blood cultures？

World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2011年第4期2卷 272-278页

作者： samuel George Campbell R. Andrew McIvor Vincent Joanis David Graydon Urquhar Department of Emergency Medicine Charles V Keating Emergency and Trauma Centre 1796 Summer St Halifax NovaScotia B3H3A7 Canada (Campbell SG Urquhart DG) T2127 Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health St. Joseph′sHealth Care Hamilton Hamilton ON. L8N 4A6 Canada (McIvor RA) Foothills Medical Centre 1403 - 29th Street N.W.University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada (Joanis V)

BACKGROUnD： Blood cultures （BC ） are commonly ordered during the initial assessment ofpatients with community-acquired pneumonia （CAP）, yet their yield remains low. Selective use of BCwould allow the opportunity to save healthcare resources and avoid patient discomfort. The studywas to determine what demographic and clinical factors predict a greater likelihood of a positiveblood culture result in patients diagnosed with ***： A structured retrospective systematic chart audit was performed to comparerelevant demographic and clinical details of patients admitted with CAP, in whom blood culture resultswere positive, with those of age, sex, and date-matched control patients in whom blood cultureresults were ***： On univariate analysis, eight variables were associated with a positive BC *** logistic regression analysis, however, the only variables statistically significantly associatedwith a positive BC were WBC less than 4.5 x 109/L [likelihood ratio （LR）： 7.75, 95% CI=2.89-30.39], creatinine 〉106 !mol/L （LR： 3.15, 95%CI=1.71-5.80）, serum glucose〈6.1 mmol/L （LR： 2.46,95%CI=1.14-5.32）, and temperature 〉 38 °C （LR： 2.25, 95% CI =1.21-4.20）. A patient with all of thesevariables had a LR of having a positive BC of 135.53 （95% CI=25.28-726.8） compared to patientswith none of these ***： Certain clinical variables in patients with CAP admitted to hospitals doappear to be associated with a higher probability of a positive yield of BC, with combinations of thesevariables increasing this likelihood. We have identified a subgroup of CAP patients in whom bloodcultures are more likely to be useful.

关键词： Community-acquired pneumonia Blood cultures

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Double-stranded RnAs associated with the hypovirulence of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum strain Ep-1Pn

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Progress in natural Science:Materials International 1999年第11期 37-42页

作者：李国庆,姜道宏,王道本,易先宏,朱斌,RIMMER samuel Roger Department of Plant Protection Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan430070 China Department of Plant Protection Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan430070 China Department of Plant Protection Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan430070 China Department of Plant Protection Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan430070 China Department of Plant Protection Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan430070 China Department of Plant Science University of Manitoba Winnipeg MB R3T2n2 Canada

Double-stranded RnAs (dsRnAs) associated with the hypovirulence in strain Ep-1Pn of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum were identified and characterized. Three dsRnA molecules with the sizes of about 7400, 6420 and 1090 bp were detected in Ep-1Pn, but not in Ep-1PnA5, a single-ascospore progeny of Ep-1Pn. All of the three dsRnAs, especially the 6420 bp-sized fragment, were closely associated with the hypovirulence of Ep-1Pn and they were significantly different from the dsRnAs identified in a virulent strain clone 38.

关键词： Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Ep-1Pn hypovirulence dsRnAs.

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Impact of body mass index on hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence after liver transplantation through long-term follow-up

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and nutrition 2021年第5期10卷 598-609页

作者： nada El-Domiaty Faouzi Saliba Vincent Karam Rodolphe Sobesky Wafaa Ibrahim Eric Vibert Gabriella Pittau Khaled Amer Maysaa ASaeed Jihan AShawky Daniel Cherqui RenéAdam Didier samuel AP-HP Hôpital Paul Brousse Hepato-Biliary CentreINSERM UMR 1193UniversitéParis SaclayVillejuifFrance Tropical Medicine Department Faculty of MedicineZagazig UniversityZagazigEgypt Statistics Department Faculty of Economics and Political ScienceCairo UniversityCairoEgypt Hepato-Biliary and Liver Transplant Department International Medical CenterCairoEgypt

Background:Obesity is associated with increased oncological risk and outcomes but the evidence surrounding the effect of body mass index(BMI)on increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)recurrence after liver transplantation(LT)is still *** purpose of this retrospective study of a large cohort of adult patients transplanted for HCC was to investigate the effect of BMI on the incidence of HCC recurrence and ***:Data from 427 adult recipients transplanted for HCC between 2000 and 2017 were *** were classified at time of LT according to the World Health Organization BMI classification into 3 groups;group 1:BMIn=166),group 2:BMI 25-29.9(n=150)and group 3:BMI≥30(n=111).Results:There were no significant changes of mean BMI overtime 26.8±5.0 kg/m2 at time of LT and 28.8±23.1 at 5 *** recurrence rates of HCC after LT in the three groups were 19%,16%and 17%*** 5,10 and 15-year recurrence free survival(RFS)rates were respectively 68.6%,47.3%and 40.8%in group 1,73.3%,66.2%and 49.5%in group 2 and 68.8%,57.5%and 47.7%in group 3(log rank P=0.47).Conclusions:Recipient BMI at time of transplant and during follow-up didn’t impact the incidence of HCC recurrence nor long-term patient survival,irrespective to the status of the patients and their tumor characteristic at time of *** present study clearly confirms that obesity should not be considered,when selecting patients with HCC to LT,as a predictive factor of recurrence.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) obesity body mass index(BMI) nutrition liver transplantation(LT) hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence(HCC recurrence)

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The Emerging Trade in Donkey Hide: An Opportunity or a Threat for Communities in Kenya?

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Agricultural Sciences 2019年第9期10卷 1152-1177页

作者： Gemma Carder Oscar Ingasia Evans ngenoh samuel Theuri Desmond Rono Philemon Langat Brooke London UK Brooklyn Economic Consulting Ltd. Nairobi Kenya Brooke (East Africa) Nairobi Kenya

Donkey hides are used in a form of Traditional Chinese medicine called ejiao, the demand for ejiao is currently so high the global donkey population is currently in decline. Africa’s donkey population is considered a key source for the trade, with Kenya being highlighted as being particularly affected. In Kenya donkeys play a vital contribution to people’s livelihoods;this study aimed to explore the potential impact of the donkey hide trade on small holder farmer’s livelihoods. The study was conducted in five counties in Kenya;data was collected using household survey questionnaires, focus group discussions and key informant interviews. When household survey participants (n = 421) were asked if the number of donkeys in their herd had decreased within the last two years 34.2% (n = 144) reported a decrease, of those 43.8% (n = 63) reported the selling of donkeys as the primary cause of reduction in herd size. Increased money spent on the transportation of farm produce, water and firewood was the most frequently reported effect of the loss of donkeys (62.5%, n = 263). Some focus group discussion participants said that they had previously sold their donkeys to raise money for school fees, likewise 43% (n = 97) of focus group discussion participants said that they would sell their donkeys to pay medical bills. Results from the study suggest that small holder farmers are choosing to sell their donkeys for an instant boost in income, but long-term this is unlikely to be a sustainable livelihood option.

关键词： Donkey Hide Trade Kenya Livelihoods Traditional Chinese Medicine Ejiao Working Equids

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Molecular Diversity of a Seemingly Altitude Restricted <i>Ustilago kamerunensis</i>Isolates in Kenya: A Pathogen of napier Grass

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American Journal of Molecular Biology 2018年第2期8卷 119-143页

作者： Dennis O. Omayio David M. Musyimi Francis n. Muyekho samuel I. Ajanga Charles A. O. Midega Clabe S. Wekesa Patrick Okoth Innocent W. Kariuki Botany Department Maseno University Maseno Kenya Department of Biological Sciences Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology Kakamega Kenya Industrial Crops Research Institute Kenya Agricultural & Livestock Research Organization Molo Kenya Plant Health Section International Centre for Insect Physiology and Ecology Mbita Kenya Food Crops Research Institute Kenya Agricultural & Livestock Research Organization Muguga Centre Nairobi Kenya

The Central region of Kenya which is the second largest market oriented dairy zone, faces a threat in milk production. The challenge is a disease known as the napier head smut caused by Ustilago kamerunensis. This fungal microorganism is a facultative pathogen which has been reported to cause yield losses in napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum) ranging from 25% to 46% across the affected areas. Additionally, there are reports of the continual spread of the disease into neighbouring county of nakuru in Rift-Valley region which is the leading milk producing zone in the country. This scenario of spread is worrying combined with observation of variations in damage levels of napier grass clones across the five counties of Central Kenya. These observations led to the hypothesis that possible differences might be existing among the Ustilago kamerunensis variants in Kenya. Further, the differences in biomass yield losses that are within a certain percentage range mentioned-above, seemed to support the existence of possible differences. Therefore, to inform effective integrated management strategies of the pathogen in case it’s co-evolving, this study sought to determine the molecular differences of Ustilago kamerunensis isolates in affected counties using ITS 1 and 2 regions which are spanned by 5.8S ribosomal RnA gene. The Ustilago kamerunensis propagules were systematically collected from affected counties’ hot spot areas for sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. The study revealed the most affected areas to be within the mean altitude level of 1988.17 ± 71.97 metres above sea level. Further, differences in the growth in vitro and molecular characteristics of the seemingly altitude restricted isolates were observed. The Kiambu, nyandarau and nakuru counties isolates clustered together, whereas those of Murang’a, nyeri and Kirinyaga formed another clade. The sequences of sixteen Ustilago kamerunensis isolates were deposited in GenBank with accession numbers ranging from MG7

关键词： Ustilago kamerunensis Diversity Altitude napier Grass Milk

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Phytochemical Screening, Toxicity, Analgesic and Anti-Pyretic Studies of Aqueous Leaf Extract of <i>Plectranthus barbatus</i>[Andrews. Engl.] in Rats

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2019年第4期10卷 205-221页

作者： Joseph O. C. Ezeonwumelu Gloria n. Kawooya Aiyabalu G. Okoruwa samuel Sunday Dare Jennifer C. Ebosie Ambrose A. Akunne Julius Kihdze Tanayen Bede E. Udechukwu Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Biopharmacy School of Pharmacy Kampala International University Western Campus Ishaka Bushenyi Uganda Kampala International University Complementary and Alternative Medicine Research (KIUCAMRES) Group Western Campus Ishaka Bushenyi Uganda Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Biopharmacy School of Pharmacy Kilimanjaro International University Dar es salaam Tanzania Department of Anatomy Faculty of Biomedical Sciences Kampala International University Western Campus Ishaka Bushenyi Uganda School of Health and Medical Sciences Catholic University in Cameroon Bamenda Cameroon Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Kampala International University Western Campus Ishaka Bushenyi Uganda

Plectranthus barbatus is a popular tropical perennial plant with a wide variety of traditional medicinal uses in tropical Africa, Hindu, Ayurvedic and traditional medicines of Brazil and China. The whole plant and the leaves have many folkloric uses for diverse ailments including pain, heart disease, convulsions, coughs and colds, asthma, bronchitis and tonsillitis among others. This study investigated the phytochemical components, acute toxicity, analgesic and anti-pyretic activities of the aqueous leaf extract of Plectranthus barbatus locally known as Ekizeera in Uganda. The plant leaves were authenticated, collected and decoction was done according to local method. Phytochemical screening was conducted using methods outlined by Trease and Evans and Harborne to determine the components of the extract. Acute toxicity tests were conducted in rats using modified Lorke’s method to determine the safety of the plant material. Analgesic studies were carried out using both a mechanical method (thermally induced pain by tail-flick) and a chemical method (formalin induced pain) in rats by administering extracts orally at 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg of body weight. The method of Al-Ghamdi, modified for local laboratory setting by Adzu was adopted and used for anti-pyretic test. Decoction yielded 9.9% extract. Phytochemical screening confirmed presence of saponins, tannins, alkaloids, terpenoids and essential oils. Acute toxicity tests revealed no deaths in rats after oral treatment with up to 10,000 mg/kg of extract. Tail-flick test was non-significant (p > 0.05) while formalin-induced pain test demonstrated significant activity (p -tests. Anti-pyretic activity was non-significant (p > 0.05) with student t-test. These results suggest that the aqueous leaf extract of Plectranthus barbatus contains specific phytochemicals, has a potent dose dependent analgesic activity, no anti-pyretic activity and can be regarded as a safe medicinal plant to use traditionally, which might further

关键词： Acute Toxicity Analgesic Anti-Pyretic Plectranthus barbatus Phytochemicals Rats

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Improved Low-Temperature Aqueous Synthesis of ZnO nanorods and Their Use in SERS Detection of 4-ABT and RDX

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Materials Sciences and Applications 2013年第1期4卷 29-38页

作者： Marcia del R.Balaguera-Gelves Oscar J.Perales-Pérez Surinder P.Singh José A.Jiménez Joaquín A.Aparicio-Bolanos samuel P.Hernández-Rivera Department of Chemistry University of Puerto Rico-MayaguezMayagüezPuerto Rico Department of Engineering Science and Materials University of Puerto Rico-MayaguezMayagüezPuerto Rico Department of Chemistry University of North FloridaJacksonvilleUSA Department of Chemistry and Physics University of Puerto Rico-PoncePoncePuerto Rico

The growth-controlled synthesis of zinc oxide nanorods (ZnO nR) in the aqueous phase has been investigated. The rods were grown on ZnO films previously deposited onto Si(100) and indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates by RF magnetron sputtering. The formation of the rods took place in the presence of hexamethylenetetramine (HMT) as habit-control reagent. The grains in the base ZnO film acted as seeds that promoted the longitudinal growth of the oxide. As-synthesized base films and rods were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), field emission SEM, optical absorption and photoluminescence spectroscopy techniques. Subsequently, a wet chemistry procedure was performed to achieve ZnO nR growth. This methodology was conducive to the formation of rods of a relatively narrow distribution of diameters (60 - 70 nm) with lengths in the 1 - 3 μm range. Photoluminescence spectra were characterized by a dominant near-band-edge (nBE) peak followed by a green luminescence (GL) broad band, indicative of higher oxygen vacancy concentration in the ZnO nR grown on ZnO/ITO in comparison with those grown on ZnO/Si(100). A UV process was used for coating the ZnO nR with gold (Au). Au coating on ZnO nR was used to evaluate the detection capability by SERS of different analytes such as: 4-aminobenzenethiol (4-ABT) and 1,3,5-trinitroperhydro-1,3,5- triazine (RDX) at low levels. A strong SERS Raman spectrum was observed for 4-ABT. A limit of detection (LOD) of 1 × 10-8M for 4-ABT was achieved corresponding to a minimum of 5.4 × 105molecules detected under the experimental conditions at excitation wavelength of 785 nm with a sensitivity of the ZnO nR in the range of 1.1 × 10-16g under the laser spot.

关键词： ZnO nanorods Sputtering SERS 4-ABT RDX

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Sapium ellipticum (Hochst) Pax ethanol leaf extract modulates glucokinase and glucose-6–phosphatase activities in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats

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Journal of Coastal Life Medicine 2017年第4期5卷 162-166页

作者： Osasenaga Macdonald Ighodaro Oluseyi Adeboye Akinloye Regina ngozi Ugbaja samuel Olatunbosun Omotainse Department of Biochemistry College of BiosciencesFederal University of AgricultureAbeokuta(FUNAAB)AbeokutaNigeria Department of Biochemistry Faculty of SciencesLead City UniversityIbadanNigeria College of Vertinary Medicine Federal University of AgricultureAbeokuta(FUNAAB)AbeokutaNigeria.

Objective: To examine the effects of Sapium ellipticum (S. ellipticum) extract on hepatic activities of glucokinase and glucose-6-phosphatase in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic Wistar ***: STZ-induced diabetic Wistar rats (four groups, n = 8) were used in this study. *** was assessed at two different doses, 400 and 800 mg/kg BW, in comparison with metformin (12 mg/kg BW) as a standard antidiabetic drug. All treatments were done orally (p.o),twice daily at 8 h interval for a period of 21 days. Glucose-6-phosphatase and glucokinase activities were respectively determined. Hepatic and muscle glycogen contents were estimated as ***: STZ caused significant decrease in glucose-6-phosphatase activity and concomitant increase in glucokinase activity. S. ellipticum especially at 400 mg/kg significantly restored glucokinase activity by 40.31% and glucose-6-phosphatase activity by 37.29%. These effects were though significantly lower than that of metformin which enhanced glucokinase activity by 94.76% and simultaneously inhibited glucose-6-phosphatase activity by 49.15%. *** also improved hepatic glycogen level by 32.37% and 27.06% at 400 and 800 mg/kg,respectively. HPLC-MS analysis of active S. ellipticum fractions in dynamic MRM mode (using the optimized compound-specific parameters) revealed among other active compounds, the presence of amentoflavone, which has been associated with anti-diabetic ***: The ability of S. ellipticum extract to concurrently inhibit glucose-6-phosphatase and activate glucokinase in this study suggests that it may be a treatment option for type 2 diabetes patients and the presence of amentoflavone in the plant extract may account for its anti-diabetic potential.

关键词： Sapium ellipticum Glucose homeostasis Diabetes Glucokinse Glucose-6-phosphatase

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西北印度洋天休热液区热液成因矿物特征与分布及其指示意义

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海洋地质与第四纪地质 2020年第5期40卷 36-45页

作者：蔡翌旸韩喜球邱中炎王叶剑李谋 samuel Olatunde Popoola 自然资源部海底科学重点实验室自然资源部第二海洋研究所杭州310012 上海交通大学海洋学院上海200240 浙江大学海洋学院舟山316021

海底沉积物中的热液成因矿物主要来自热液区热液产物堆积体的失稳垮塌搬运迁移和热液羽流自生矿物颗粒的沉降。热液成因矿物的类型和空间分布特征对于了解热液活动区的位置与范围具有重要的指示作用。天休热液区(3°41′n、63°50′E)... 详细信息

海底沉积物中的热液成因矿物主要来自热液区热液产物堆积体的失稳垮塌搬运迁移和热液羽流自生矿物颗粒的沉降。热液成因矿物的类型和空间分布特征对于了解热液活动区的位置与范围具有重要的指示作用。天休热液区(3°41′n、63°50′E)位于卡尔斯伯格脊超镁铁岩系中,本文对采自该热液区及其周边的共4站表层沉积物样品进行研究,分析热液成因矿物的组成、丰度和粒度的空间变化情况。研究表明,在热液喷口近端(0~0.22 km)同时分布有垮塌迁移及热液羽流沉降来源的热液成因矿物,其中垮塌来源的矿物呈砾—粗砂级,以古巴矿等金属硫化物矿物及铁氧化物为主;羽流沉降来源的矿物呈砂—泥级,以Cu-Zn-Fe硫化物矿物(等轴古巴矿、古巴矿、闪锌矿和磁黄铁矿等)为主。在远喷口端(1.84~6.05 km)主要分布有羽流沉降来源的热液成因矿物,以砂—泥级的金属氧化物和氢氧化物为主。热液成因矿物的类型、粒度、丰度在空间上呈现出的规律性分布特征可以示踪未知的活动和非活动热液区的位置,并作为多金属硫化物资源的找矿标志。

关键词：表层沉积物热液成因矿物天休热液区卡尔斯伯格脊印度洋

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Performance of a serological IgM and IgG qualitative test for COVID-19 diagnosis:An experimental study in Brazil

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World Journal of Experimental Medicine 2022年第5期12卷 100-103页

作者： Fabrício Freire de Melo Lilian Martins Oliveira Diniz Josénélio Januário João Fernando Gonçalves Ferreira Rafael Santos Dantas Miranda Dórea Breno Bittencourt de Brito Hanna Santos Marques Fabian Fellipe Bueno Lemos Marcel Silva Luz samuel Luca Rocha Pinheiro Dulciene Maria de Magalhães Queiroz Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde Universidade Federal da BahiaVitória da Conquista 45029-094BahiaBrazil Departamento de Pediatria Universidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo Horizonte 31270-901Brazil núcleo de Ações e Pesquisa em Apoio Diagnóstico Universidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo Horizonte 31270-901Brazil Laboratory of Research in Bacteriology Universidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo Horizonte 31270-901Brazil Laboratory of Bacteriology Faculdade de MedicinaUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo Horizonte 31270-901Brazil Campus Vitória da Conquista Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da BahiaVitória da Conquista 45029-094Brazil

Qualitative antibody tests are an easy,point-of-care diagnostic method that is useful in diagnosing coronavirus disease 2019,especially in situations where reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction is ***,some factors are able to affect its sensitivity and accuracy,which may contribute to these tests not being used as a first-line diagnostic tool.

关键词： Serological test IgM IgG COVID-19 Diagnosis Antibody

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