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Are Voters Mind Static? Statistical Analysis of Unremitting Shift of Mind of Ghanaian Voters (2016-2020)

Open Journal of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases 2023年第4期13卷 453-463页

作者： samuel kwaku obeng Peter K. Nyarko Kofi samuel Bassah Quansah Research and Statistics Unit Minerals Commission of Ghana Accra Mathematics and Statistics University of Mines and Technology Tarkwa-Ghana SPARKX SM Ghana Ltd. Accra

Elections play a crucial role in a very democratic society as they provide a means of electing their preferred candidates or leaders. It serves as a mechanism for expressing the collective will of the people and ensuring a peaceful transfer of power. This study therefore seeks to determine the difference between the proportion of votes garnered by the two main political parties during 2016 and 2020 elections. The study employed descriptive research design with two population proportion tests and found that Ghanaian voters in 2020 shifted towards the National Democratic Congress (NDC) at 95% confidence level. Moreover, in 2016, the New Patriotic Party (NPP) defeated the National Democratic Congress (NDC) with close to a million votes. Thus, in 2020 election, the results clearly indicate a shrank in the margin of votes between the two main political parties in Ghana. The results further revealed that during the 2016 and 2020 elections, Ghanaians changed their pattern of voting towards these two political parties. Additionally, the New Patriotic Party lost more votes as compared to what they garnered in the year 2016 at 95% and 99.9% confidence level. Also, the gap of votes between the two main political parties shrank at 95% and 99.9% confidence level. Based on the findings of the study, it was further concluded that political parties should not take the voters for granted and it should be known to political leaders that the voters have now changed their mindset and have shifted from the previously tribalistic line of voting. Therefore, for a political party to remain in power, it must promote good public relations with the masses and good campaign messages or policies that are beneficial to the electorates.

关键词： Voters Mindset Unremitting Shift Ghanaian Electorate

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Appropriateness of Reduced Modified Three-Parameter Weibull Distribution Function for Predicting Gold Production in Ghana

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Open Journal of Statistics 2023年第4期13卷 534-566页

作者： samuel kwaku obeng Christiana C. Nyarko Lewis Brew Kaku Sagary Nokoe Research and Statistics Unit Minerals Commission of Ghana Accra Ghana Department of Mathematics and Statistics University of Mines and Technology Tarkwa Ghana Department of Economics Catholic University of Ghana Sunyani Ghana

Forecasting mine production is pertinent to gold mining as it serves as production goals for investors. It is therefore important to identify the exact distribution that gold production as a response variable naturally follows. It is even more appropriate to have a model(s) with few predictor variables. This paper seeks to identify appropriate statistical distribution functions for fitting gold production in Ghana. The empirical paper relied mainly on quarterly secondary datasets on gold production between the years 2009 and 2022 secured from the Minerals Commission of Ghana, Accra. Several known statistical distributions including Weibull, Log-Normal, Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) were explored with Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) and evaluated using model selection criteria as AIC, AICc and BIC. Goodness of Fits were evaluated using Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test (K-S), Cramer-Von Mises Statistic and Anderson-Darling Statistic. Based on the analysis conducted, the reduced modified 3-parameter Weibull distribution provided the best fit for gold production in Ghana. Though the reduced modified Weibull function is proposed, it is important however to recognize that other external factors can influence production levels. Also, the average quarterly fitted gold production is 1000334.8918 ± 75,327.080 (±7.5%) [i.e., 925,007.812 – 1,075,661.972]. This indicates that the average annually fitted gold production lies between 3700031.248 and 4302647.888 ounces at 99.9% confidence level. Therefore, the predicted gold production for the year 2022 is 3.7million ounces at 99.9% confidence level.

关键词： Gold Production Statistical Distribution Functions Goodness of Fit Statistics

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Fitness of Four-Parameter Beta Distribution Function for Forecasting Gold Reserve and Its Production Lifespan in Ghana

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Open Journal of Statistics 2023年第4期13卷 567-593页

作者： samuel kwaku obeng Christiana C. Nyarko Lewis Brew K. Sagary Nokoe Research and Statistics Unit Minerals Commission of Ghana Accra Ghana Department of Mathematics and Statistics University of Mines and Technology Tarkwa Ghana Department of Economics Catholic University of Ghana Sunyani Ghana

Ghana, renowned for its abundant gold reserves, plays a significant role in the global mining industry. Effective management and accurate forecasting of these reserves are vital for sustainable resource utilization and economic planning. Forecasting gold reserves and estimating their production lifespan are complex tasks that require robust statistical models capable of capturing the underlying dynamics of gold deposit accumulation and extraction. To this end, the four-parameter Beta distribution function emerges as a promising candidate due to its flexibility and ability to handle non-negative data. This research aims to investigate the fitness and applicability of the four-parameter Beta distribution function for forecasting Ghana’s gold reserves and estimating the production lifespan of this precious resource. The empirical paper relied mainly on quarterly secondary datasets on gold reserve between the years 2009 and 2022 secured from the Minerals Commission of Ghana, Accra. Several known statistical distributions including Beta, Weibull, Normal, Logistic and Gamma were explored with Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) and evaluated using model selection criteria as AIC and BIC. Goodness of Fits were evaluated using Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test (K-S), Cramer-Von Mises Statistic and Anderson-Darling Statistic. Based on the analysis conducted, the four-parameter Beta distribution provided the best fit for gold reserve in Ghana. At a 99.9% confidence level and considering the current annual average gold production estimate of 3,700,031.248 to 4,302,647.888 ounces, the projected lifespan of gold production in Ghana extends to the year 1,953,765. This astounding estimate suggests that the country’s gold reserves are expected to sustain production for an extended period, providing a critical resource for economic development and supporting the mining industry well into the distant future.

关键词： Gold Reserve Four-Parameter Beta Distribution Function Goodness of Fit Statistics

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Quantitative Easing: Money Supply and Commodity Prices of Oil, Gold, and Cocoa in Ghana

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Open Journal of Statistics 2023年第5期13卷 663-693页

作者： samuel kwaku obeng samuel Bassah Kofi Quansah Theresa Dowetin Ampem Darko Nsiah Ezekiel Nii Noye Nortey Ebenezer Okyere Research and Statistics Unit Minerals Commission of Ghana Accra Ghana SPARKX Ghana Ltd. Accra Ghana Datus International School Tema Ghana Statistics Unit CID Headquarters Accra Ghana Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science University of Ghana Accra Ghana Research and Policy Unit Bank of Ghana Accra Ghana

This study investigates the dynamic relationships between the money supply (M2) and key commodity prices (Cocoa, Gold, and Crude) in the context of Ghana. Utilizing Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) analysis, we analyze the short-term and long-term Granger causality relationships among these variables, aiming to shed light on the potential linkages between monetary policy and commodity markets. The analysis covers the period from December 1999 to April 2023, using lag structures of 1 and 8 to capture both short-term and more enduring effects. Our findings reveal significant Granger causality relationships between the money supply and various commodities, with nuanced patterns emerging across different lags. In the short-run, our results suggest bidirectional causal relationships between COCOA and M2, CRUDE and M2, and GOLD and M2. Additionally, M2 Granger causes changes in COCOA, CRUDE, and GOLD. However, the causal relationship between COCOA and GOLD appears to be unidirectional, with COCOA not significantly Granger causing changes in GOLD. The short-term findings highlight the intricate interplay between monetary policy and commodity markets. In the long-run (lag 8), our analysis unveils robust Granger causality relationships between the variables. Past values of COCOA, CRUDE, and GOLD Granger cause changes in M2, indicating a notable influence of commodity markets on the money supply. Similarly, M2 Granger causes changes in CRUDE and GOLD. Notably, the findings underscore a more comprehensive and intertwined relationship between monetary policy and commodity prices in the long-run. Based on these results, we derive several policy implications. Policymakers should carefully consider the potential impact of monetary policy decisions, such as quantitative easing, on commodity markets and price dynamics. Measures to stabilize commodity prices, promote export diversification, manage inflation expectations, and enhance economic resilience are recommended. Additional

关键词： Quantitative Easing Money Supply Cocoa Gold Crude VECM

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Review of Dimension Reduction Methods

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Journal of Data Analysis and Information Processing 2021年第3期9卷 189-231页

作者： Salifu Nanga Ahmed Tijani Bawah Benjamin Ansah Acquaye Mac-Issaka Billa Francis Delali Baeta Nii Afotey Odai samuel kwaku obeng Ampem Darko Nsiah Department of Basic Science School of Basic and Biomedical Science University of Health and Allied Sciences Ho Ghana Department of Medical Laboratory Science School of Allied Health Sciences University of Health and Allied Sciences Ho Ghana SANA Research and Consult Accra Ghana University of Management Studies Weija-Accra Ghana Department of Mathematics and Statistics Ho Technical University Ho Ghana Health Information Unit Tema General Hospital Tema Ghana Department of Data Quality Monitoring Ghana Statistical Service Accra Ghana Criminal Investigation Department Ghana Police Service Accra Ghana

Purpose: This study sought to review the characteristics, strengths, weaknesses variants, applications areas and data types applied on the various Dimension Reduction techniques. Methodology: The most commonly used databases employed to search for the papers were ScienceDirect, Scopus, Google Scholar, IEEE Xplore and Mendeley. An integrative review was used for the study where 341 papers were reviewed. Results: The linear techniques considered were Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), Singular Value Decomposition (SVD), Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA), Locality Preserving Projections (LPP), Independent Component Analysis (ICA) and Project Pursuit (PP). The non-linear techniques which were developed to work with applications that have complex non-linear structures considered were Kernel Principal Component Analysis (KPCA), Multi-dimensional Scaling (MDS), Isomap, Locally Linear Embedding (LLE), Self-Organizing Map (SOM), Latent Vector Quantization (LVQ), t-Stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) and Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP). DR techniques can further be categorized into supervised, unsupervised and more recently semi-supervised learning methods. The supervised versions are the LDA and

关键词： Dimension Reduction Machine Learning Linear Dimension Reduction Techniques Non-Linear Reduction Techniques

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Analysis of indoor set-point temperature of split-type ACs on thermal comfort and energy savings for office buildings in hot-humid climates

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Energy and Built Environment 2023年第3期4卷 368-376页

作者： KofiOwura Amoabeng Richard Opoku samuel Boahen George Yaw obeng Department of Mechanical Engineering Kwame Nkrumah University of Science&Technology(KNUST)KumasiGhana Sustainable Energy Service Centre College of EngineeringKNUSTKumasiGhana Technology Consultancy Centre College of EngineeringKNUSTKumasiGhana

In hot-humid climates,particularly in sub-Saharan Africa(SSA),ambient temperatures and relative humidity are as high as 35°C and 84%,respectively,requiring the use of mechanical cooling systems for indoor thermal ***-type vapor-compression air-conditioners(SVAC)are mainly used for space cooling in SSA and consume 60-80%of total energy consumption in commercial and public *** control strategy of the indoor set-point temperature of SVAC can result in significant energy savings in these *** this study,modeling and dynamic simulation have been conducted using EnergyPlus to predict the energy saving potential and indoor thermal comfort of buildings in hot-humid climates by controlling set-point temperature of the *** a case study,climatic data for Ghana,was used to predict the energy saving potential and indoor thermal *** study results revealed that,to ensure indoor thermal comfort at high outdoor temperature condition of 35°C,the least and optimum set-point temperatures of the SVAC should be 21°C and 25°C,*** the other hand,for low outdoor temperature condition,the least and optimum set-point temperatures were 22°C and 26°C,*** 1-star and 2-star rated SVACs which are dominantly used in Ghana,operating at 21-25°C in the case of high outdoor conditions,and 22-26°C for low outdoor conditions relative to the least temperatures resulted in energy savings of 8-33%and 12-44%,respectively.

关键词： Hot-humid climate Air-conditioners Indoor thermal comfort Set-point temperatures Energy savings

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Stature and Body Weight Estimations from Footprint Dimensions among Asante and Fante Females in Ghana

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Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine 2023年第1期9卷 25-32页

作者： samuel kwaku Dwomoh Atta Kusi Appiah Nancy Darkoa Kusi Appiah Chrissie Stansie Abaidoo Department of General Nursing and Midwifery Training College Dunkwa-On-OffinGhana Department of Anatomy School of Medicine and DentistryKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana

Background:Footprints recovered from crime scenes can assist in establishing the identity(stature,body weight,and sex)of a *** to variations(genetic and environmental factors)in the morphology of the foot,several authors have derived populationspecific regression equations for stature and weight *** and Objectives:Tribal differences in the footprint dimensions of Ghanaians have not been ***,this study was done to determine if they were tribal differences in footprint *** and Methods:The footprints of Ghanaian females,aged 19-35 years,and belonging to two tribal groups(72 Asante and 73 Fante)were recovered using an ink pad ***,body weight,and footprint measurements were obtained following standard ***:Although Fante females had longer foot lengths and shorter foot breadths than Asante females,the difference was significant(P<0.001)only in the left big toe-pad length(eta squared=0.496).Height correlated better with footprint dimensions of Fante(r=0.246-0.809)than Asante(r=0.214-0.660)*** weight correlated weakly with footprint *** in Asante females,foot length measurements did not correlate significantly with body weight among Fante ***:The use of mixed population in deriving stature,weight and sex equations is cautioned especially when there is increased genetic *** findings of this study have important applications in forensic anthropometric investigations.

关键词： Body weight footprints forensic anthropology Ghanaian tribes stature

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Management System Activities of the Operation and Utilization of GHARR-1

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World Journal of Engineering and Technology 2023年第4期11卷 807-826页

作者： Edward Shitsi Henry Cecil Odoi Kwame Gyamfi Philip Dordoh-Gasu Isaac Kwasi Baidoo Edward Oscar Amponsah-Abu Emmanuel Kwesi Boafo samuel Yao Ganyaglo samuel Boakye Dampare Henry Kwame obeng William Osei-Mensah Wilfred Sedofia Massiasta Robert Ekow Quagraine Nuclear Reactors Research Centre National Nuclear Research Institute Ghana Atomic Energy Commission Accra Ghana

The Ghana Research Reactor-1 (GHARR-1) is a 34 kW low enriched uranium (LEU) Miniature Neutron Source Reactor (MNSR), tank-in-pool type and cooled by natural circulation under atmospheric pressure operating conditions. GHARR-1 is owned by Ghana Atomic Energy Commission (GAEC) and operated by National Nuclear Research Institute (NNRI), one of the institutes of GAEC. GHARR-1 is housed by Nuclear Reactors Research Centre (NRRC), one of the Centres of NNRI. Management/Administration, Radiation protection, Reactor operation and maintenance, Reactor utilization and Physical protection are the various systems/units that integrate to manage the activities of operation and utilization of GHARR-1 in addition to the quality assurance and quality control management system of the research reactor facility. The GHARR-1 which is currently in operation follows a robust maintenance culture adopted by the management system and this has made it possible to keep the reactor in operation with minimal interruption. The management system activities adopted at the Centre to ensure safety of the workers, public and the research reactor facility include authorization of the operation of the reactor for any experiments/modifications;providing material and financial resources for maintaining the research reactor facility;following standard procedures while carrying out Neutron Activation Analysis;participation in IAEA proficiency test;irradiation sites/positions characterization;following standard procedures while carrying out reactor operation and maintenance including reactor and pool water purification and other related activities;monitoring radiation levels in the controlled, supervised and uncontrolled areas of the research reactor facility as well as during reactor operation and maintenance;controlling the physical entry of the workers and public into the research reactor facility;and ensuring that the security structures provided to protect the reactor facility are functioning properly.

关键词： Management Systems Quality Assurance and Quality Control Research Re-actor Operation and Utilization Monitoring Forms Ghana Research Reactor-1 (GHARR-1)

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An Optimal Cooling Schedule Using a Simulated Annealing Based Approach

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Applied Mathematics 2017年第8期8卷 1195-1210页

作者： Alex kwaku Peprah Simon Kojo Appiah samuel Kwame Amponsah Department of Computer Science Catholic University College of Ghana Sunyani Ghana Department of Mathematics College of Science Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana

Simulated annealing (SA) has been a very useful stochastic method for solving problems of multidimensional global optimization that ensures convergence to a global optimum. This paper proposes a variable cooling factor (VCF) model for simulated annealing schedule as a new cooling scheme to determine an optimal annealing algorithm called the Powell-simulated annealing (PSA) algorithm. The PSA algorithm is aimed at speeding up the annealing process and also finding the global minima of test functions of several variables without calculating their derivatives. It has been applied and compared with the SA algorithm and Nelder and Mead Simplex (NMS) methods on Rosenbrock valleys in 2 dimensions and multiminima functions in 3, 4 and 8 dimensions. The PSA algorithm proves to be more reliable and always able to find the optimum or a point very close to it with minimal number of iterations and computational time. The VCF compares favourably with the Lundy and Mees, linear, exponential and geometric cooling schemes based on their relative cooling rates. The PSA algorithm has also been programmed to run on android smartphone systems (ASS) that facilitates the computation of combinatorial optimization problems.

关键词： Simulated Annealing (SA) Variable Cooling Factor (VCF) Powell-Simulated Annealing (PSA) Global Minima Rosenrock Functions Android Smartphone Systems (ASS)

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Application of Analytic Hierarchy Process in Selection of an Appropriate Drying Platform for Maize Drying in a Solar Bubble Dryer

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2021年第1期11卷 157-175页

作者： Kwashie A. Armah Joseph O. Akowuah George obeng-Akrofi samuel G. McNeill Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering Iowa State University Ames IA USA Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering University of Kentucky Lexington KY USA

The solar bubble dryer (SBD) is a convenient and better option to traditional open sun drying commonly practiced by smallholder farmers in Ghana and other developing countries. However, to operate the SBD, one is faced with the challenge of frequent mixing of grains using a rake to enhance uniform drying and prevent over-heating of the top-layer exposed to the sun. Additionally, condensation in the SBD can compromise the quality of grains during drying under humid conditions. In the present study, the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to select an appropriate drying platform, tarpaulin, or elevated drying rack for maize drying in the SBD. Using the AHP, the elevated drying rack was chosen as a suitable platform for drying maize in the SBD. The SBD with the elevated drying racks was used to dry 270 kg of maize from a moisture content of 18.2% to 12.6% (w.w.b) within 6 hours compared to 11 hours for the same quantity of grains dried on the tarpaulin of the SBD to reach an MC of 12.5% (w.w.b). An average drying rate and moisture extraction rate of 0.93%/h and 2.88 kg/h were achieved with the elevated drying rack system compared to 0.52%/h and 1.60 kg/h when drying on the tarpaulin of the SBD. An average temperature of 44.6°C recorded in the SBD was 9°C more compared to the ambient temperature. The thermal efficiency of the SBD collector was determined as 36.2%. Drying grains with the elevated racks showed advantages of reduced drying time, improved airflow through the drying bed, and prevention of condensation, which occurs when drying on the tarpaulin of the SBD.

关键词： Solar Bubble Dryer Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) Elevated Drying Rack Maize Drying

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