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Metabolic engineering and genome editing strategies for enhanced lipid production in microalgae

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BIOCELL 2024年第8期48卷 1181-1195页

作者： ANJANI DEVI CHINTAGUNTA SAMUDRALA PRASHANT JEEVAN kumar NUNE SATYA sampath kumar Department of Biotechnology Vignan’s Foundation ScienceTechnology and ResearchVadlamudiAndhra Pradesh522213India ICAR-Directorate of Floricultural Research Pune412307India

Depleting global petroleum reserves and skyrocketing prices coupled with succinct supply have been a grave concern,which needs alternative sources to conventional *** microalgae have been explored for enhanced lipid production,leading towards biodiesel *** microalgae have short life cycles,require less labor,and space,and are easy to scale ***,the primary source of lipids needed to produce biodiesel,is accumulated by most *** article focuses on different types of oleaginous microalgae,which can be used as a feedstock to produce *** biosynthesis in microalgae occurs through fatty acid synthesis and TAG synthesis ***-depth discussions are held regarding other efficient methods for enhancing fatty acid and TAG synthesis,regulating TAG biosynthesis bypass methods,blocking competing pathways,multigene approach,and genome *** most potential targets for gene transformation are hypothesized to be a malic enzyme and diacylglycerol acyltransferase while lowering phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activity is reported to be advantageous for lipid synthesis.

关键词： Oleaginous microalgae Biodiesel TAG synthesis Metabolic engineering Genome editing

Therapeutic effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on cold stress induced changes in the hippocampus of rats

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Neural Regeneration Research 2014年第19期9卷 1740-1744页

作者： Saravana kumar sampath kumar Saraswathi Perumal Vijayaraghavan Rajagopalan Department of Anatomy Saveetha Dental College Saveetha University ChennaiTamil NaduIndia

The present study aims to evaluate the effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on cold stress induced neuronal changes in hippocampal CA1 region of Wistar rats. Bone marrow mes- enchymal stem cells were isolated from a 6-week-old Wistar rat. Bone marrow from adult femora and tibia was collected and mesenchymal stem cells were cultured in minimal essential medium containing 10% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum and were sub-cultured. Passage 3 cells were analyzed by flow cytometry for positive expression of CD44 and CD90 and negative expression of CD45. Once CD44 and CD90 positive expression was achieved, the cells were cultured again to 90% confluence for later experiments. Twenty-four rats aged 8 weeks old were randomly and evenly divided into normal control, cold water swim stress （cold stress）, cold stress ＋ PBS （intra- venous infusion）, and cold stress ＋ bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells （1 x 106; intravenous infusion） groups. The total period of study was 60 days which included 1 month stress period followed by 1 month treatment. Behavioral functional test was performed during the entire study period. After treatment, rats were sacrificed for histological studies. Treatment with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells significantly increased the number of neuronal cells in hippocampal CA 1 region. Adult bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells injected by intravenous administration show potential therapeutic effects in cognitive decline associated with stress-related lesions.

关键词： nerve regeneration bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells hippocampus cold stress intravenous cognition neuronal cells CA1 region neural regeneration

Bioactivity enhancement by Sr doped Zn-Ca-P coatings on biomedical magnesium alloy

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2019年第4期7卷 584-596页

作者： P.Amaravathy T.S.sampath kumar Medical Materials Laboratory Department of Metallurgical and Materials EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology MadrasChennai 600036India

The effect of strontium doped Zn-Ca-P(ZCP)coating by chemical conversion technique on the biodegradation of AZ31 alloy was *** coating formed with 1.5 wt.%Sr and 20 min phosphating time at 50℃ with pH 2.5 completely covers the alloy *** Sr doped coated sample also showed very low evolved hydrogen gas and pH change than the ZCP coatings suggested that the degradation of the alloy was extremely *** in vitro bioactivity studies in simulated body fluid exhibits deposition of calcium phosphate phases with Ca/P ratio of 1.55 which is close to that of hydroxyapatite,mineral component of *** evaluation with L929 cells showed higher cell viability of the Sr doped coatings compared to ZCP coatings.

关键词： Magnesium alloy Zinc calcium phosphate Biocompatibility Corrosion Strontium Cell viability

Experimental Evaluation of a Multistage Reciprocating Evaporative Cooler Performance for Varied Climatic Conditions

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Journal of Thermal Science 2023年第4期32卷 1523-1535页

作者： sampath SURANJAN SALINS S.V.KOTA REDDY Shiva kumar School of Engineering and IT Manipal Academy of Higher EducationDubai CampusDubaiPO 345050UAE Mechanical Engineering Department VIT-AP UniversityAmaravatiAndra Pradesh52223India Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering Manipal Institute of TechnologyManipal Academy of Higher EducationManipal576104India

Current system focuses on design&construction of a multistage reciprocating evaporative cooling test *** packings that are used will undergo the reciprocating action,powered by the cam follower mechanism maintained at an actual rotation *** dry bulb temperature&humidity values are varied to replicate the varying climatic conditions,and the output parameters such as cooling load,evaporation rate(ER),humidification efficiency(HE),coefficient of performance(COP)are *** results showed that as inlet humidity raises,the performance of system *** the rise in the camshaft speed or packing velocity,there is an upsurge in the performance until a cam speed of 10 r/min or packing velocity of 0.083 m/s and with further increases in the value,overall performance *** system gave a maximum COP,ER,and HE equal to 3.80,73.87%,and 0.53 g/kg respectively.A rise in the inlet air temperature yielded a maximum change in dry bulb temperature of 8.2℃.Overall,results indicated that evaporative cooling is more effective in arid climates than the cold and humid *** quality test is performed to measure CO_(2),Total Volatile Organic Compound(TVOC),and Formaldehyde(HCHO),and it is found that humidified air entering the defined space is of excellent quality.

关键词： multistage humidifier evaporative cooling reciprocating packing humidification efficiency

A review on recent advancements in biodegradable Mg-Ca alloys

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2022年第8期10卷 2094-2117页

作者： Manas Ranjan Sahu T.S.sampath kumar Uday Chakkingal Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Indian Institute of Technology MadrasChennai 600036India

The binary Mg-Ca alloys are drawing increasing attention as temporary implant materials because of their excellent biocompatibility,biodegradability, and good mechanical properties. However, their applications are limited due to their high degradation rates in the human physiological environment, the consequent release of hydrogen gas, and rapid loss in mechanical properties. Furthermore, biocompatibility depends upon the degradability of the material. Various researchers have demonstrated that these issues can be addressed by control of Ca content, thermo-mechanical processing to obtain suitable microstructures, deposition of surface coatings, etc. In this manuscript, a detailed review of published literature on Mg-Ca alloys is presented. The challenges and future directions of research in this area are also described.

关键词： Mg-Ca alloy Degradation Temporary implant Biocompatibility

Non Sub-Sampled Contourlet with Joint Sparse Representation Based Medical Image Fusion

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2023年第3期44卷 1989-2005页

作者： Kandasamy Kittusamy Latha Shanmuga Vadivu sampath kumar Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Tamilnadu College of EngineeringCoimbatore641659India

Medical Image Fusion is the synthesizing technology for fusing multi-modal medical information using mathematical procedures to generate better visual on the image content and high-quality image *** image fusion represents an indispensible role infixing major solutions for the complicated medical predicaments,while the recent research results have an enhanced affinity towards the preservation of medical image details,leaving color distortion and halo artifacts to remain *** paper proposes a novel method of fusing Computer Tomography(CT)and Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI)using a hybrid model of Non Sub-sampled Contourlet Transform(NSCT)and Joint Sparse Representation(JSR).This model gratifies the need for precise integration of medical images of different modalities,which is an essential requirement in the diagnosing process towards clinical activities and treating the patients *** the proposed model,the medical image is decomposed using NSCT which is an efficient shift variant decomposition transformation *** is exercised to extricate the common features of the medical image for the fusion *** performance analysis of the proposed system proves that the proposed image fusion technique for medical image fusion is more efficient,provides better results,and a high level of distinctness by integrating the advantages of complementary *** comparative analysis proves that the proposed technique exhibits better-quality than the existing medical image fusion practices.

关键词： Medical image fusion computer tomography magnetic resonance imaging non sub-sampled contourlet transform(NSCT) joint sparse representation(JSR)

Engineering microscale systems for fully autonomous intracellular neural interfaces

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2020年第1期6卷 1276-1295页

作者： Swathy sampath kumar Michael S.Baker Murat Okandan Jit Muthuswamy Biomedical Engineering School of Biological and Health Systems EngineeringArizona State UniversityTempeAZ 85287USA Mechanical Engineering Sandia National laboratoriesAlbuquerqueNMUSA mPower Technology Inc.AlbuquerqueNM 87102USA

Conventional electrodes and associated positioning systems for intracellular recording from single neurons in vitro and in vivo are large and bulky,which has largely limited their ***,acquiring successful intracellular recordings is very tedious,requiring a high degree of skill not readily achieved in a typical *** report here a robotic,MEMS-based intracellular recording system to overcome the above limitations associated with form factor,scalability,and highly skilled and tedious manual operations required for intracellular *** system combines three distinct technologies:(1)novel microscale,glass–polysilicon penetrating electrode for intracellular recording;(2)electrothermal microactuators for precise microscale movement of each electrode;and(3)closed-loop control algorithm for autonomous positioning of electrode inside single *** we demonstrate the novel,fully integrated system of glass–polysilicon microelectrode,microscale actuators,and controller for autonomous intracellular recordings from single neurons in the abdominal ganglion of Aplysia californica(n=5 cells).Consistent resting potentials(60 mV)were recorded after each successful penetration attempt with the controller and microactuated glass–polysilicon *** success rate of penetration and quality of intracellular recordings achieved using electrothermal microactuators were comparable to that of conventional positioning *** data from in vivo experiments in anesthetized rats show successful intracellular *** MEMS-based system offers significant advantages:(1)reduction in overall size for potential use in behaving animals,(2)scalable approach to potentially realize multi-channel recordings,and(3)a viable method to fully automate measurement of intracellular *** system will be evaluated in vivo in future rodent studies.

关键词： recording electrode system

Comparison of TiAlN, AlCrN, and AlCrN/TiAlN coatings for cutting-tool applications

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2014年第8期21卷 796-805页

作者： T.sampath kumar S.Balasivanandha Prabu Geetha Manivasagam K.A.Padmanabhan Department of Mechanical Engineering C.Abdul Hakeem College of Engineering and Technology Hakeem Nagar Melvisharam 632509 India Department of Mechanical Engineering College of Engineering Guindy Anna University Chennai 600025 India School of Mechanical and Building Sciences VIT University Vellore 632014 India School of Engineering Sciences & Technology University of Hyderabad Hyderabad 500046 India

Monolayer and bilayer coatings of TiAlN, AlCrN, and AlCrN/TiAlN were deposited onto tungsten carbide inserts using the plasma enhanced physical vapor deposition process. The microstructures of the coatings were characterized using scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and atomic force microscopy （AFM）. The SEM micrographs revealed that the AlrN and AlCrN/TiAlN coatings were uniform and highly dense and contained only a limited number of microvoids. The TiAIN coating was non-uniform and highly porous and contained more micro droplets. The hardness and scratch resistance of the specimens were measured using a nanoindentation tester and scratch tester, respectively. Different phases formed in the coatings were analyzed by X-ray diffraction （XRD）. The AlCrN/TiAlN coating exhibited a higher hardness （32.75 GPa）, a higher Young＇s modulus （561.97 GPa）, and superior scratch resistance （LcN = 46 N） compared to conventional coatings such as TiAlN, A1CrN, and TiN.

关键词： cutting tools coatings physical vapor deposition characterization nanoindentation

Quadratic convective flow of radiated nano-Jeffrey liquid subject to multiple convective conditions and Cattaneo-Christov double diffusion

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2018年第9期39卷 1311-1326页

作者： P.B.sampath kumar B.MAHANTHESH B.J.GIREESHA S.A.SHEHZAD Department of Studies and Research in Mathematics Kuvempu University Department of Mathematics Christ University Department of Mathematics COMSATS Institute of Information Technology

A nonlinear flow of Jeffrey liquid with Cattaneo-Christov heat flux is investigated in the presence of nanoparticles. The features of thermophoretic and Brownian movement are retained. The effects of nonlinear radiation, magnetohydrodynamic(MHD), and convective conditions are accounted. The conversion of governing equations into ordinary differential equations is prepared via stretching transformations. The consequent equations are solved using the Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg(RKF) method. Impacts of physical constraints on the liquid velocity, the temperature, and the nanoparticle volume fraction are analyzed through graphical illustrations. It is established that the velocity of the liquid and its associated boundary layer width increase with the mixed convection parameter and the Deborah number.

关键词： nonlinear convection Jeffrey liquid nanoliquid convective condition thermophoretic Brownian motion