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Analysis of Factors that Affect Government Digitization:A Pilot Case Study of Pakistan

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第1期66卷 291-301页

作者： salman ahmed Muhammad Ali Khan Department of Computer Systems Engineering University of Engineering&TechnologyPeshawarPakistan

One of the greatest factors that affects the economic condition of a country is its *** the model of good governance,the primary elements for stronger institution include efficiency,transparency,and accountability;and technology plays a major role in improving these ***,there are myriad of challenges when it comes to practical integration of technology in these institutions for *** is more challenging when a country is developing and one that is already weak *** is also important to mention that the challenges of digitization in public sector is not limited to developing countries *** is equally challenging,even today,in already developed countries to digitally transform their public institutions for improved policymaking and for responsive service *** factors contribute to the failure of such digitization initiatives,more so within developing *** the purpose of this paper is to identify those factors,to measure the significance of each of those factors,and to realize and overcome *** research considered the case study of Pakistan;however,the results are very likely to match the conditions of other developing regions around the *** questionnaires and interviews,valuable feedback was gathered from up to 25 senior government officers that are closely associated with digitization initiatives in public *** feedback to the questions were overall *** results indicate the most significant of factors that affect government digitization in this developing region,including some factors that were not expected.

关键词： E-governance government digitization information management sustainability

Monitoring the diversity of malaria and dengue vector in Karachi:studying variation of genera and subgenera of mosquitoes under different ecological conditions

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Ecological Processes 2014年第1期3卷 116-124页

作者： Saima shaikh Syed Jamil H Kazmi salman Qureshi Department of Geography University of KarachiKarachi 75270Pakistan Department of Geography(Landscape Ecology) Humboldt University of BerlinRudower Chaussee 16Berlin 12489Germany School of Architecture Birmingham City UniversityThe Parkside Building5 Cardigan StreetBirmingham B47BDUK

Introduction:Karachi,a city of unique terrain and moderate tropical climate,is home to several mosquito *** geographical distribution and density of these species may vary within the city,owing to their interaction with an ever-increasing population and urban *** a consequence,the prevalence of vector-borne diseases is unpredictable within the geographical limits of Karachi *** this spatiotemporal study,1,156 mosquito samples were collected from 50 study sites with unique ecological characteristics within the city and a taxonomical exercise was conducted to investigate different vector species thriving in different months and seasons of the *** main genera of mosquitoes were identified and categorized using a pictorial key based on the standard guidelines of the Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit,substantiated with ancillary ***:Three important genera were found in Karachi:Anopheles,Aedes and *** subgenera were subsequently identified,based on their susceptibility to major vector-borne *** had the highest concentration of adult mosquitoes,as the colder weather conditions were suitable for *** recorded the lowest number,owing to excessively hot weather when most of the breeding pockets had dried out;less vegetation(in pre-monsoon conditions)prevented mosquito ***:Slum areas showed an abundance of malaria and dengue vectors,owing to poor hygiene conditions caused by open sewage ***,a major precaution is to raise awareness among people about mosquito-borne *** breeding habitats of these vectors should be studied using geospatial technologies to improve spatial and temporal coverage.

关键词： landscape ecology mosquito species spatial epidemiology spatial variation urban ecology urban habitat vector-borne diseases

Sustainable bio-energy generation via the conversion of spent wash using dual chamber microbial fuel cell

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Waste Disposal and Sustainable Energy 2024年第2期6卷 219-231页

作者： Abdul Sattar Jatoi Jawad ahmed Afaque ahmed Bhutto Muhammad Shuaib shaikh Department of Chemical Engineering Dawood University of Engineering and Technology KarachiSindhPakistan Changzhou DUBO Polymer Co. Ltd.Changzhou 213002China Department of Basic Science and Related Studies The University of LarkanoSindhPakistan Department of Chemical Engineering Mehran University of Engineering and Technology JamshoroSindhPakistan

Microbial fuel cells(MFCs)are innovative devices that combine microbial processes with electrochemical reactions to convert organic matter in wastewater into electricity while simultaneously treating the *** such application is the treatment of spent wash,a highly polluting effluent generated from the distillery industry after crude mesh is separated into ethanol and spent *** wash,also known as distillery effluent or stillage,is a highly challenging wastewater treatment method due to its high chemical oxygen demand(COD),biological oxygen demand(BOD),and total dissolved solids(TDS).These characteristics make it a complex and polluting industrial effluent that requires specialized treatment processes to reduce its environmental impact ***,MFCs have shown promise in treating spent wash,as they can utilize the organic matter in wastewater as a fuel source for microbial growth as well as for electricity *** the treatment of spent wash,Saccharomyces cerevisiae *** used as a biocatalyst along with 340 mol/L potassium ferricyanide in the cathode chamber and 170 mol/L methylene blue in the anode as a *** tests were conducted by balancing a one-liter volume for power production from spent wash in MFC with the optimal conditions of 10%agarose,pH 8.5,300 mL/min of aeration in the cathode chamber,and 40%(in weight)substrate *** an ideal concentration,the maximum current and power density are roughly 53.41 mA/m^(2)and 72.22 mW/m^(2),*** each litre of processed spent wash,a maximum voltage of 850 mV(4.5 mA)was ***,91%of COD and BOD were removed from the effluent *** findings show that MFCs are capable of producing electricity and efficiently removing COD from wasted wash at the same time.

关键词： Microbial fuel cell Chemical oxygen demand Biological oxygen demand-Current density Power density Spent wash

Average Convergence for Directed&Undirected Graphs in Distributed Systems

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2021年第6期37卷 399-413页

作者： Ali Mustafa M Najam ul Islam salman ahmed Bahria University Islamabad44000Pakistan Comsats University Islamabad Attock campus43600Pakistan University of Engineering&Technology Peshawar25000Pakistan

Consensus control of multi-agent systems is an innovative paradigm for the development of intelligent distributed *** has fascinated numerous scientific groups for their promising applications as they have the freedom to achieve their local and global goals and make their own *** communication topologies based on graph and matrix theory are widely used in a various real-time applications ranging from software agents to ***,while sustaining the significance of both directed and undirected graphs,this research emphases on the demonstration of a distributed average consensus *** uses the harmonic mean in the domain of multi-agent systems with directed and undirected graphs under static topologies based on a control input *** proposed agreement protocol focuses on achieving a constant consensus on directional and undirected graphs using the exchange of information between neighbors to update their status values and to be able to calculate the total number of agents that contribute to the communication network at the same *** proposed method is implemented for the identical networks that are considered under the directional and non-directional communication *** different scenarios are simulated and it is concluded that the undirected approach has an advantage over directed graph communication in terms of processing time and the total number of iterations required to achieve *** same network parameters are introduced for both orientations of the communication *** addition,the results of the simulation and the calculation of various matrices are provided at the end to validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm to achieve consensus.

关键词： Multi-agent systems average consensus distributed estimation directed graphs undirected graphs agent counting

Geochemistry and Mineralogy of Paleocene Coal from the Padhrar and Darra Adam Khel Coalfields of Pakistan

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2022年第6期96卷 2056-2073页

作者： Muhammad UMAIR YANG Ruidong CHENG Wei salman ahmed KHATTAK College of Resources and Environmental Engineering Guizhou UniversityGuiyang 550025China Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and the Environment Ministry of EducationGuizhou UniversityGuiyang 550025China The State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of SciencesGuiyang 550081China Mining College of Guizhou University Guiyang 550025China Department of Earth Sciences University of HaripurHaripur 22620KPPakistan The State Key Laboratory of Ore Deposit Geochemistry Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of SciencesGuiyang 550081China

Pakistan is rich in coal resources,which amount to around 186 billion *** Paleocene Padhrar and Darra Adam Khel coalfields are located in the Central Salt Range Punjab Province and the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province,Pakistan,*** coal has not been studied in detail and the Darra Adam Khel coalfields are newlydiscovered,so no research has been done,due to security *** this study,an attempt has been made to study the geochemical and mineralogical characteristics of the Padhrar and Darra Adam Khel coals,in order to learn about the coal quality,element enrichment mechanism,sedimentary medium conditions and potentially valuable elements for coal *** Padhrar and Darra Adam Khel coals are low to medium ash,low moisture content,high in volatiles and high total sulfur *** vitrinite reflectance in Darra Adam Khel coal is higher than in Padhrar coal,indicating either a greater burial depth or the effects of Himalayan *** vitrinite content is dominant in the Padhrar and Darra Adam Khel coals,followed by inertinite and liptinite,the major minerals including quartz,clay minerals,calcite and *** trace elements Ni,As,Be Zn,Ge,Mo,Ta,W,Co and Nb,Sn,Hf,Ta,Pb,Th,Cd,In,Be,V,Cr,Zr,Ag,Li,W and Co are concentrated in some of the Padhrar and Darra Adam Khel coal samples,*** Padhrar coal shows positive Ce,Eu and Gd anomalies,with most of the Darra Adam Khel coal showing negative Ce,Eu and positive Gd anomalies with high *** Al2O3/TiO2 values indicate that the sediment source of the Padhrar and Darra Adam Khel coals is mostly related to intermediate igneous *** Sr/Ba,SiO2+Al2O3,Fe2O3+CaO+MgO/SiO2+Al2O3 and high sulfur content in the Padhrar and Darra Adam Khel coals indicate epithermal and marine water influence with a tidal flat,coal-forming environment and a deltaic coal-forming environment,respectively.

关键词： mineral trace elements Paleocene Padhrar coal Darra Adam Khel coal Pakistan

Deep Learning Framework for Precipitation Prediction Using Cloud Images

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第8期72卷 4201-4213页

作者： Mirza Adnan Baig Ghulam Ali Mallah Noor ahmed shaikh Shah Abdul Latif University Khairpur77150Pakistan

Precipitation prediction(PP)have become one of the significant research areas of deep learning(DL)and machine vision(MV)techniques are frequently used to predict the weather variables(WV).Since the climate change has left significant impact upon weather variables(WV)and continuously changes are observed in temperature,humidity,cloud patterns and other *** cloud images contain sufficient information to predict the precipitation pattern but due to changes in climate,the complex cloud patterns and rapid shape changing behavior of clouds are difficult to consider for rainfall *** of rainfall would provide more meticulous assistance to the farmers to know about the weather conditions and to care their cash *** research proposes a framework to classify the dark cloud patterns(DCP)for prediction of *** framework consists upon three steps to classify the cloud images,first step tackles noise reduction operations,feature selection and preparation of *** step construct the decision model by using convolutional neural network(CNN)and third step presents the performance visualization by using confusion matrix,precision,recall and accuracy *** research contributes(1)real-world clouds datasets(2)method to prepare datasets(3)highest classification accuracy to predict estimated as 96.90%.

关键词： Machine vision SIFT features dark cloud patterns precipitation agriculture

Cyber Secure Framework for Smart Containers Based on Novel Hybrid DTLS Protocol

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2022年第12期43卷 1297-1313页

作者： Waseem Ullah Khan Safdar Nawaz Khan Marwat salman ahmed Department of Computer Systems Engineering University of Engineering and Technology PeshawarPeshawar25120Pakistan

The Internet of Things (IoTs) is apace growing, billions of IoT devicesare connected to the Internet which communicate and exchange data among eachother. Applications of IoT can be found in many fields of engineering and sciencessuch as healthcare, traffic, agriculture, oil and gas industries, and logistics. Inlogistics, the products which are to be transported may be sensitive and perishable, and require controlled environment. Most of the commercially availablelogistic containers are not integrated with IoT devices to provide controlled environment parameters inside the container and to transmit data to a remote *** necessitates the need for designing and fabricating IoT based smart containers. Due to constrained nature of IoT devices, these are prone to different cybersecurity attacks such as Denial of Service (DoS), Man in Middle (MITM) andReplay. Therefore, designing efficient cyber security framework are required forsmart container. The Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS) Protocol hasemerged as the de facto standard for securing communication in IoT ***, it is unable to minimize cyber security attacks such as Denial of Serviceand Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) during the handshake process. Themain contribution of this paper is to design a cyber secure framework by implementing novel hybrid DTLS protocol in smart container which can efficientlyminimize the effects of cyber attacks during handshake process. The performanceof our proposed framework is evaluated in terms of energy efficiency, handshaketime, throughput and packet delivery ratio. Moreover, the proposed framework istested in IoT based smart containers. The proposed framework decreases handshake time more than 9% and saves 11% of energy efficiency for transmissionin compare of the standard DTLS, while increases packet delivery ratio andthroughput by 83% and 87% respectively.

关键词： Logistic container logistics security cyber security perishable products monitoring

Investigating the Use of Email Application in Illiterate and Semi-Illiterate Population

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2020年第3期62卷 1473-1486页

作者： Sadeeq Jan Imran Maqsood salman ahmed Zahid Wadud Iftikhar Ahmad National Center for Cyber Security-UETP Department of CS&ITUniversity of Engineering&TechnologyPeshawarPakistan Department of Computer Software Engineering University of Engineering&TechnologyMardanPakistan Department of Computer Systems Engineering University of Engineering&TechnologyPeshawarPakistan 不详

The use of electronic communication has been significantly increased over the last few *** is one of the most well-known means of electronic *** email applications are widely used by a large population;however,illiterate and semi-illiterate people face challenges in using them.A major population of Pakistan is illiterate that has little or no practice of computer *** this paper,we investigate the challenges of using email applications by illiterate and semi-illiterate *** addition,we also propose a solution by developing an application tailored to the needs of illiterate/semi-illiterate *** shows that illiterate people are good at learning the designs that convey information with pictures instead of text-only,and focus more on one object/action at a *** proposed solution is based on designing user interfaces that consist of icons and vocal/audio instructions instead of ***,we use background voice/audio which is more helpful than flooding a picture with a lot of *** tested our application using a large number of users with various skill levels(from no computer knowledge to experts).Our results of the usability tests indicate that the application can be used by illiterate people without any training or third-party’s help.

关键词： Illiterate semi-illiterate email usability user interfaces

IRMIRS:Inception-ResNet-Based Network for MRI Image Super-Resolution

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2023年第8期136卷 1121-1142页

作者： Wazir Muhammad Zuhaibuddin Bhutto salman Masroor Murtaza Hussain shaikh Jalal Shah Ayaz Hussain Department of Electrical Engineering Balochistan University of Engineering and TechnologyKhuzdar89100Pakistan Department of Computer Systems Engineering Balochistan University of Engineering and TechnologyKhuzdar89100Pakistan Department of Mechanical Engineering Balochistan University of Engineering and TechnologyKhuzdar89100Pakistan Department of Mechanical Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology10607Taiwan Department of Information Systems Kyungsung UniversityBusan613010South Korea

Medical image super-resolution is a fundamental challenge due to absorption and scattering in *** challenges are increasing the interest in the quality of medical *** research has proven that the rapid progress in convolutional neural networks(CNNs)has achieved superior performance in the area of medical image ***,the traditional CNN approaches use interpolation techniques as a preprocessing stage to enlarge low-resolution magnetic resonance(MR)images,adding extra noise in the models and more memory ***,conventional deep CNN approaches used layers in series-wise connection to create the deeper mode,because this later end layer cannot receive complete information and work as a dead *** this paper,we propose Inception-ResNet-based Network for MRI Image Super-Resolution known as *** our proposed approach,a bicubic interpolation is replaced with a deconvolution layer to learn the upsampling ***,a residual skip connection with the Inception block is used to reconstruct a high-resolution output image from a low-quality input *** and qualitative evaluations of the proposed method are supported through extensive experiments in reconstructing sharper and clean texture details as compared to the state-of-the-art methods.

关键词： Super-resolution magnetic resonance imaging ResNet block inception block convolutional neural network deconvolution layer