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Construction of Vertical Wind Profile from satellite-Derived Winds for Objective Analysis of Wind Field

Advances in Atmospheric sciences 1992年第2期9卷 237-246页

作者： P.N.Mahajan D.R.Talwalkar s.nair s.Rajamani Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology Pune-411008Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology Pune-411008Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology Pune-411008Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology Pune-411008

During summer Monex-79, a variety of observing systems viz. research ships, research aircrafts, constant pressure balloons and geostationary satellite etc. were deployed, besides the regular conventional observations. The purpose of these additional systems was to make the best possible data for the studies on various aspects of monsoon circulation. The present study is aimed at the construction of vertical wind profile using cloud motion vectors obtained from GOEs (I-O) satellite and to examine whether the constructed wind profiles improves the representation of the monsoon system, flow pattern etc. in the objective analysis. For this purpose, climatological normals of the wind field are considered as the initial guess and the objective analyses of the wind field are made with, first using only data from conventional observations over land areas, subsequently including the constructed winds from cloud motion vectors. These analyses are then compared with the standard analyses of wind field obtained from Quick Look Atlas by T. N. Krishnamurti et al. (1979).It is inferred that satellite estimated mean wind profiles show good agreement with the mean wind profiles of the research ships with RMs errors less than 5 mps below 500 hPa and less than 8 mps above 500 hPa. It is further inferred that the inclusion of constructed winds shows a positive impact on the objective analysis and improvement is seen to be more marked in the data-sparse region of the Arabian sea. Analyses which include the constructed winds show better agreement with the standard analysis, than the analyses obtained using only conventional winds. Thus, results of our study suggest that the wind profiles constructed using cloud motion vectors are of potential use in objective analysis to depict the major circulation features over the Indian region.

关键词： Construction of Vertical Wind Profile from satellite-Derived Winds for Objective Analysis of Wind Field Wind

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Use of surface Observations to Estimate Upper Air Humidity for the Objective Analysis of Relative Humidity over Indian Region

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Advances in Atmospheric sciences 1990年第4期7卷 491-501页

作者： s.K.sinha D.R.Talwalkar s.G.Narkhedkar P.L.Kulkarni s.nair s.Rajamani Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology Pune-411008 India Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology Pune-411008 IndiaIndian Institute of Tropical Meteorology Pune-411008 IndiaIndian Institute of Tropical Meteorology Pune-411008 IndiaIndian Institute of Tropical Meteorology Pune-411008 IndiaIndian Institute of Tropical Meteorology Pune-411008 India

In the present study objective analyses of relative humidity (RH) at surface and at the levels of 850, 700 and 500 hPa have been made using Gandin's (1963) optimum interpolation scheme. As the horizontal resolution of the radiosonde stations is rather inadequate for upper air humidity analysis, a scheme has been developed, following Rasmussen (1982) to estimate the upper air RH from the surface observations like surface RH, present weather and cloud cover. The relative humidities at the levels 850, 700 and 500 hPa were related to the surface observations through three separate regression relations. The RH values at 850, 700 and 500 hPa levels were estimated from the surface RH, cloud coverage and present weather using the above regression relations and subsequently the objective analyses at 00 GMT for the period from 4 July to 8 July 1979, were made using these estimated data along with the observed radiosonde data. Objective analyses were also made for the same period using only the radiosonde data for comparison to study the impact of those estimated data. Root mean square errors were computed for all the five days by interpolating RH at the observing stations from the objectively analysed field and comparing them with the actually observed RH to examine how best the analyses (with and without estimated data) fitted the observations. Lastly they were compared with satellite cloud pictures. This study shows that the estimated upper air RH values have positive impact on the analysis of upper air RH and could be used over radiosonde data sparse region and even over oceanic regions.

关键词： In RH over

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A combination of learning and non-learning based method for enhancement, compression and reconstruction of underwater images

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Aquaculture and Fisheries 2022年第2期7卷 201-210页

作者： Rashmi s.nair sandanam Domnic Department of Computer Applications National Institute of TechnologyTiruchirappalliTamil Nadu620015India

Complex nature of underwater environment poses biggest challenge towards image acquisition and transmission of underwater images.This paper proposes an integrated approach which consists of a non-learning enhancement method with deep Convolutional Neural Networks(CNN)for compression and reconstruction of the image.The proposed method does color and contrast correction for image enhancement.The enhanced images are down-sampled using 9-layer CNN followed by Discrete Wavelet Transform(DWT).The decompression is done by using Inverse DWT.Further,the sub-pixel up-sampled image is de-blurred using a three-layer CNN.Residual Dense CNN(RD-CNN)is used to improve the quality of the reconstructed image after deblurring.The quality of the reconstructed images is measured using Peak signal to Noise Ratio(PsNR)and structural similarity Index Metric(ssIM).The proposed model provides better image enhancement,compression,and reconstruction quality than the existing state-of-the-art methods and super Resolution CNN(sRCNN)respectively.

关键词： Convolutional neural network Discrete wavelet transform Residual dense convolutional neural network Peak signal to noise ratio structural similarity index metric super resolution CNN

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structural,magnetic and antibacterial properties of manganese-substituted magnetite ferrofluids

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2023年第7期30卷 1417-1426页

作者： Blessy Babukutty Deepalekshmi Ponnamma swapna s.nair Jiya Jose saritha G.Bhat sabu Thomas Department of Physics Central University of KeralaKasargod 671314India Materials science and Technology Program College of Arts and SciencesQatar UniversityP.O.Box 2713DohaQatar Department of Biotechnology Cochin University of Science and TechnologyKalamasseryKeralaIndia Department of Chemistry Mahatma Gandhi UniversityKottayam 686560KeralaIndia

Manganese-substituted magnetite ferrofluids(FFs)Mnx Fe_(1-x)Fe_(2)O_(4)(x=0–0.8)were prepared in this work through a chemical coprecipitation reaction.The controlled growth of FF nanomaterials for antibacterial activities is challenging,and therefore,very few reports are available on the topic.This research focuses on stabilizing aqueous FFs with the tetramethylammonium hydroxide surfactant to achieve high homogeneity.Morphological characterization reveals nanoparticles of 5–11 nm formed by the chemical reaction and nanocrystalline nature,as evident from structural investigations.Mn-substituted magnetic FFs are analyzed for their structural,functional,and antibacterial performance according to the Mn-substituent content.Optical studies show a high blue shift for Mn^(2+)-substituted Mnx Fe_(1-x)Fe_(2)O_(4)with the theoretical correlation of optical band gaps with the Mn content.The superparamagnetic nature of substituted FFs causes zero coercivity and remanence,which consequently influence the particle size,cation distribution,and spin canting.The structural and functional performance of the FFs is correlated with the antibacterial activity,finally demonstrating the highest inhibition zone formation for Mnx Fe_(1-x)Fe_(2)O_(4)FFs.

关键词： manganese ferrofluids homogeneity antibacterial stability

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The Quest toward limb regeneration:a regenerative engineering approach

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Regenerative Biomaterials 2016年第2期3卷 123-125页

作者： Cato T.Laurencin Lakshmi s.nair Department of Orthopaedic surgery Institute for Regenerative EngineeringRaymond and Beverly Sackler Center for BiomedicalBiologicalPhysical and Engineering SciencesUniversity of Connecticut HealthFarmingtonCT 06030USA Department of Biomedical Engineering University of ConnecticutStorrsCT 06269USA Department of Materials science and Engineering University of ConnecticutStorrsCT 06269USA Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of ConnecticutStorrsCT 06269USA Department of Craniofacial sciences School of Dental MedicineUniversity of Connecticut HealthFarmingtonCT 06030USA.

The Holy Grail to address the clinical grand challenge of human limb loss is to develop innovative strategies to regrow the amputated limb.The remarkable advances in the scientific understanding of regeneration,stem cell science,material science and engineering,physics and novel surgical approaches in the past few decades have provided a regenerative tool box to face this grand challenge and address the limitations of human wound healing.Here we discuss the convergence approach put forward by the field of Regenerative Engineering to use the regenerative tool box to design and develop novel translational strategies to limb regeneration.

关键词： regenerative engineering limb regeneration stem cells advanced biomaterial science clinical translation

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Bagging with CTD–A Novel signature for the Hierarchical Prediction of secreted Protein Trafcking in Eukaryotes

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2013年第6期11卷 385-390页

作者： Geetha Govindan Achuthsankar s.nair Department of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics University of Kerala

Protein trafficking or protein sorting in eukaryotes is a complicated process and is carried out based on the information contaified in the protein. Many methods reported prediction of the subcellular location of proteins from sequence information. However, most of these prediction methods use a flat structure or parallel architecture to perform prediction. In this work, we introduce ensemble classifiers with features that are extracted directly from full length protein sequences to predict locations in the protein-sorting pathway hierarchically. sequence driven features, sequence mapped features and sequence autocorrelation features were tested with ensemble learners and their performances were compared. When evaluated by independent data testing, ensemble based-bagging algorithms with sequence feature composition, transition and distribution （CTD） successfully classified two datasets with accuracies greater than 90%. We compared our results with similar published methods, and our method equally performed with the others at two levels in the secreted pathway. This study shows that the feature CTD extracted from protein sequences is effective in capturing biological features among compartments in secreted pathways.

关键词： sequence driven features sequence mapped features Autocorrelation Ensemble classifiter Protein sorting

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Enhancing the surface Properties of a Bioengineered Anterior Cruciate Ligament Matrix for Use with Point-of-Care stem Cell Therapy

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Engineering 2021年第2期7卷 153-161页

作者： Xiaohua Yu Paulos Y.Mengsteab Ganesh Narayanan Lakshmi s.nair Cato T.Laurencin Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering University of Connecticut HealthFarmingtonCT 06030USA Raymond and Beverly sackler Center for Biological Physical and Engineering SciencesUniversity of Connecticut HealthFarmingtonCT 06030USA Department of Orthopedic surgery University of Connecticut HealthFarmingtonCT 06030USA Department of Biomedical Engineering University of ConnecticutStorrsCT 06269USA Department of Materials science and Engineering University of ConnecticutStorrsCT 06269USA Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of ConnecticutStorrsCT 06269USA Department of Reconstructive sciences University of Connecticut HealthFarmingtonCT 06030USA

We have previously developed a poly(L-lactic)acid(PLLA)bioengineered anterior cruciate ligament(ACL)matrix that has demonstrated enhanced healing when seeded with primary ACL cells prior to implantation in a rabbit model,as compared with the matrix alone.This suggests that improving cell adhesion on the matrix may beneficially affect the healing response and long-term performance of the bioengineered ACL matrix.One regenerative engineering approach involves enhancing the surface properties of the matrix to support cell adhesion and growth in combination with point-of-care stem cell therapy.Herein,we studied the cell adhesion properties of PLLA braided microfiber matrices enhanced through the physical adsorption of fibronectin and air plasma treatment.We evaluated the kinetics and binding efficiency of fibronectin onto matrices at three time points and three fibronectin concentrations.Incubating the matrix for 120 min in a solution of 25 lgmL1 fibronectin achieved the greatest binding efficiency to the matrix and cellular adhesion.Exposing the matrices to air plasma treatment for 5 min before fibronectin adsorption significantly enhanced the cell adhesion of rabbit bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells(R-BMMsCs)24 h post cell seeding.Finally,cellular proliferation was monitored for up to 21 d,the matrices were exposed to air plasma treatment,and fibronectin adsorption was found to result in enhanced cell number.These findings suggest that exposure to air plasma treatment and fibronectin adsorption enhances the cellular adhesion of PLLA braided microfiber matrices and may improve the clinical efficacy of the matrix in combination with point-of-care stem cell therapies.

关键词： Anterior cruciate ligament Ligament Poly(L-lactic)acid plasma treatment Fibronectin stem cells Adhesion

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Review of global neurosurgery education: Horizon of Neurosurgery in the Developing Countries

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Chinese Neurosurgical Journal 2020年第3期6卷 178-190页

作者： Y.Kato B.s.Liew A.A.sufianov L.Rasulic K.I.Arnautovic V.H.Dong I.s.Florian F.Olldashi Y.Makhambetov B.Isam M.Thu Ts.Enkhbayar N.Kumarasinghe A.H.Bajama s.nair s.sharif M.R.sharma J.A.Landeiro C.G.Yampolsky N.M.F.El-Ghandour A.M.Hossain s.sim s.Chemate Hira Burhan L.Feng H.Andrade Isabelle M.Germano Department of Neurosurgery Fujita Health University Bantane HospitalNagoyaJapan Department of Neurosurgery Hospital Sungai BulohSungai BulohSelangorMalaysia Federal state-Financed Institution“Federal Centre of Neurosurgery”of Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation TyumenRussia I.M.sechenov First Moscow state Medical University MoscowRussia Faculty of Medicine University of BelgradeBelgradeSerbia semmes-Murphey Clinic and Department of Neurosurgery University of TennesseeMemphisTNUSA Neurosurgery Center of Viet Duc university hospital HanoiVietnam Department of Neurosurgery University of Medicine and Pharmacy“Iuliu Hatieganu”Cluj-NapocaCluj CountyRomania Department of Neurosurgery University Hospital of TraumaTiranaAlbania National Center of Neurosurgery AstanaKazakhstan Neurosurgical Centre Yangon General HospitalYangoonMyanmar Mongolian Neurosurgical society UlaabaatarMongolia National Hospital of sri Lanka ColomboSri Lanka Department of Neurosurgery Dr Soetomo General HospitalAirlangga UniversitySurabayaIndonesia Department of Neurosurgery Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and TechnologyThiruvananthapuramIndia Institute of Postgraduate studies and Medical sciences Liaquat National Hospital&Medical CollegeKarachiPakistan Department of Neurosurgery TU Teaching HospitalKathmanduNepal Department of Neurosurgery Universidade Federal FluminenseNiteróiBrazil Department of Neurosurgery Hospital Italiano de Buenos AiresBuenos AiresArgentina Department of Neurosurgery Faculty of MedicineCairo University81 Nasr RoadNasr CityCairoEgypt Bangladesh society of Neurosurgeons DhakaBangladesh Khema Clinic 18 StreetPhnom Penh 528Cambodia DNB Neurosurgery Apollo HospitalChennaiIndia Institute of Neurosciences Nobel Medical College and Teaching HospitalBiratnagarNepal China International Neuroscience Institute BeijingChina Department of Neurosurgery University Medicine MannheimMannheimGermany Icahn school of Medicine Mount Sinai HospitalNew York CityUSA

Globally,the discipline of neurosurgery has evolved remarkably fast.Despite being one of the latest medical specialties,which appeared only around hundred years ago,it has witnessed innovations in the aspects of diagnostics methods,macro and micro surgical techniques,and treatment modalities.Unfortunately,this development is not evenly distributed between developed and developing countries.The same is the case with neurosurgical education and training,which developed from only traditional apprentice programs in the past to more structured,competencebased programs with various teaching methods being utilized,in recent times.A similar gap can be observed between developed and developing counties when it comes to neurosurgical education.Fortunately,most of the scholars working in this field do understand the coherent relationship between neurosurgical education and neurosurgical practice.In context to this understanding,a symposium was organized during the World Federation of Neurological surgeons(WFNs)special World Congress Beijing 2019.This symposium was the brain child of Prof.Yoko Kato-one of the eminent leaders in neurosurgery and an inspiration for female neurosurgeons.Invited speakers from different continents presented the stages of development of neurosurgical education in their respective countries.This paper summarizes the outcome of these presentations,with particular emphasis on and the challenges faced by developing countries in terms of neurosurgical education and strategies to cope with these challenges.

关键词： Global neurosurgical education Developing countries

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structural,magnetic,and acidic properties of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles synthesised by wet chemical methods

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Journal of Advanced Ceramics 2015年第3期4卷 199-205页

作者： Manju KURIAN smitha THANKACHAN Divya s.nair Aswathy E.K. Aswathy BABU Arathy THOMAs Binu KRIsHNA K.T. Department of Chemistry Mar Athanasius CollegeKothamangalam-686666India Department of Physics Mar Athanasius CollegeKothamangalam-686666India

A detailed investigation on the effect of preparation method on the structural,magnetic,and acidic properties of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles prepared by sol-gel and co-precipitation is presented.Citric acid and ethylene glycol were used as gelling agents,while sodium hydroxide and aqueous ammonia were used as precipitating agents.The resulting ferrites were calcined at 450℃ and 750℃.sharper X-ray diffraction(XRD)peaks were observed for the samples calcined at 750℃,indicating greater crystallinity of the samples calcined at higher temperature.Average crystallite sizes fell in the ranges of 7.1-21.1 nm and 30.4-42.1 nm for the samples calcined at 450℃ and 750℃,respectively.The infrared spectra revealed two main absorption bands,the high frequency bandν1 around 600 cm^(-1) and the low frequency bandν2 around 400 cm^(-1) arising from stretching vibrations of the oxygen bond with the metal in the tetrahedral(A)and octahedral(B)sites in the spinel lattice.Agglomeration of particles was observed in the scanning electron microscopy(sEM)images.Magnetic parameters of CoFe_(2)O_(4) nanoparticles greatly depended on calcination temperature and preparation techniques.Ammonia temperature programmed desorption(TPD)measurements indicated that weak acid sites predominate medium strength sites,while the number of strong acid sites is the least.Cumulative acidity decreased for the samples calcined at higher temperature.The results underline the effect of preparation conditions on the morphology,crystallite size,and magnetic properties of nano ferrites.

关键词： nano ferrites sol-gel technique co-precipitation magnetic property surface acidity

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患有动静脉畸形的儿童和青年纳米氧化铁增强MRI后脑铁评估：病例对照研究

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国际医学放射学杂志 2021年第1期44卷 108-108页

作者： M.Iv N.N.Ng s.nair Y.Zhang J.Lavezo s.H.Cheshier 李佳佳

摘要氧化铁纳米粒子是MR成像的替代对比剂,钆沉积引起了安全问题,但目前尚不清楚纳米氧化铁是否也会沉积在脑组织中。目的研究儿童和青年纳米氧化铁增强后多

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