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controversies in fecal incontinence

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2025年第3期31卷 113-119页

作者： Andreia Albuquerque satish s c Rao school of Medicine and Biomedical sciences Fernando Pessoa UniversityGondomar 4420-096PortoPortugal Precancerous Lesions and Early cancer Management Research Group RIsE@cI-IPO(Health Research Network) Portuguese Oncology Institute of PortoPorto 4200-072Portugal Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Internal MedicineAugusta UniversityAugustaGA 30912United States

Fecal incontinence is a common condition that can significantly impact patients’quality of *** anal sphincter injury and anorectal surgeries are common *** ultrasound and anorectal manometry are important diagnostic tools for evaluating *** are various treatment options,including diet,lifestyle modifications,drugs,biofeedback therapy,tibial and sacral nerve neuromodulation therapy,and *** this editorial,we will discuss current controversies and novel approaches to fecal *** for asymptomatic anal sphincter defects after obstetric anal sphincter injury and in patients with inflammatory bowel disease is not generally recommended,but may be helpful in selected *** Garg incontinence score is a new score that includes the assessment of solid,liquid,flatus,mucous,stress and urge fecal *** tests such as translumbosacral anorectal magnetic stimulation and novel therapies such as translumbosacral neuromodulation therapy are promising diagnostic and treatment options,for both fecal incontinence and *** biofeedback therapy can overcome some limitations of the office-based *** muscle-derived cell implantation of the external anal sphincter has been further studied as a possible treatment *** neuromodulation may be useful in scleroderma,congenital fecal incontinence and inflammatory bowel disease but merits further study.

关键词： Fecal incontinence Endoanal ultrasound Anal sphincter defects Biofeedback Neuropathy sacral neuromodulation

Reduction of wave impact on seashore as well as seawall by floating structure and bottom topography

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2020年第6期32卷 1191-1206页

作者： Amandeep Kaur s.c.Martha Department of Mathematics Indian Institute of Technology RoparRupnagarPunjabIndia

The three-dimensional problem involving diffraction of water wave by a finite floating rigid dock over an arbitrary bottom is studied for two cases(1)in the absence of wall(2)in the presence of *** problem is handled for its solution with the aid of step *** both asymmetric and symmetric arbitrary bottom profile is approximated using successive *** approximation helps to apply the matched eigenfunction expansion method,in result,system of algebraic equations are obtained which are solved to determine the hydrodynamic quantities,namely,force experienced by rigid floating dock as well as rigid seawall,free surface elevation,transmission and reflection coefficients associated with transmission and reflected waves *** effects of various structural and system parameters are examined on these hydrodynamics *** appropriate values of length and thickness of dock,water depth and angle of incidence provide the salient information to marine and coastal engineers to design the offshore structures and creation of parabolic trench on the *** present results are compared with known results in special case of bottom *** energy balance relation is derived and checked.

关键词： Arbitrary bottom step approximation hydrodynamic quantities

Inflammasome links traumatic brain injury, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, and Alzheimer's disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1644-1664页

作者： Gabriela seplovich Yazan Bouchi Juan Pablo de Rivero Vaccari Jennifer c.Munoz Pareja Andrew Reisner Laura Blackwell Yehia Mechref Kevin K.Wang J.Adrian Tyndall Binu Tharakan Firas Kobeissy Department of surgery Morehouse School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA Department of Neurobiology Center for NeurotraumaMultiomics&Biomarkers(CNMB)Neuroscience InstituteMorehouse School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA Department of Neurological surgery and the Miami Project to cure Paralysis University of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFLUSA Division of Pediatric critical care Department of PediatricsUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFLUSA Department of Pediatrics Emory UniversityAtlantaGAUSA Department of Neurosurgery Children’s Healthcare of AtlantaAtlantaGAUSA Department of chemistry and Biochemistry Texas Tech UniversityLubbockTXUSA Morehouse school of Medicine AtlantaGAUSA

Traumatic brain injury, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, and Alzheimer's disease are three distinct neurological disorders that share common pathophysiological mechanisms involving neuroinflammation. One sequela of neuroinflammation includes the pathologic hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, an endogenous microtubule-associated protein that protects the integrity of neuronal cytoskeletons. Tau hyperphosphorylation results in protein misfolding and subsequent accumulation of tau tangles forming neurotoxic aggregates. These misfolded proteins are characteristic of traumatic brain injury, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, and Alzheimer's disease and can lead to downstream neuroinflammatory processes, including assembly and activation of the inflammasome complex. Inflammasomes refer to a family of multimeric protein units that, upon activation, release a cascade of signaling molecules resulting in caspase-induced cell death and inflammation mediated by the release of interleukin-1β cytokine. One specific inflammasome, the NOD-like receptor protein 3, has been proposed to be a key regulator of tau phosphorylation where it has been shown that prolonged NOD-like receptor protein 3 activation acts as a causal factor in pathological tau accumulation and spreading. This review begins by describing the epidemiology and pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, and Alzheimer's disease. Next, we highlight neuroinflammation as an overriding theme and discuss the role of the NOD-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome in the formation of tau deposits and how such tauopathic entities spread throughout the brain. We then propose a novel framework linking traumatic brain injury, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, and Alzheimer's disease as inflammasomedependent pathologies that exist along a temporal continuum. Finally, we discuss potential therapeutic targets that may intercept this pathway and ultimately minimize long-term neurological decline.

关键词： Alzheimer's disease caspase-1 chronic traumatic encephalopathy inflammasomes neurodegeneration neuroinflammation NLRP1 NLRP3 pyroptosis tauopathy traumatic brain injury

Anomalous Diffusion on the Percolating Networks

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communications in Nonlinear science and Numerical simulation 1997年第4期2卷 220-225页

作者： De L IU,Houqiang LI,Fuxuan cHANG &Libin L IN (Department of Physics &Open laboratory of Radiation Physics and technology,sichuan Union university,cheng Du,6 1 0 0 6 4,china) 1The paper was received on Dec.2 0 th.,1997 Department of Physics & Open laboratory of Radiation Physics and technology Sichuan Union university Chengdu 610064 China

According to the standard diffusion equation,by introducing reasonably into a anomalous diffusion coefficient,the generalized diffusion equation,which describes anomalous diffusion on the percolating networks with a power- law distribution of waiting times,is derived in this *** solution of the generalized diffusion equation is obtained by using the method,which is used by *** problems of anomalous diffusion on percolating networks with a power- law distribution of waiting times,which aren’tsolved by Barta,are resolved.

关键词： anomalous diffusion percolating networks the critical point a power- law distribution of waiting times

An Inverse Approach for Extracting Elastic-plastic Properties of Thin Films from small scale sharp Indentation

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Journal of Materials science & Technology 2012年第7期28卷 626-635页

作者： Z.s. Ma Y.c. Zhou s.G. Long c.s. Lu Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials ~ Application Technology of Ministry of Education Xiangtan Uni-versity Xiangtan 411105 China Faculty of Materials Optoelectronics and Physics Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 China Department of Mechanical Engineering Curtin University of Technology Perth WA 6845 Australia

An inverse method for extracting the elastic-plastic properties of metallic thin films from instrumented sharp indentation has been proposed in terms of dimensional analysis and finite element modeling. A wide range of materials with different elastic modulus, yield strength, and strain-hardening exponent were *** to the Nix-Gao model for the depth dependence of hardness H,the relationship between elastic modulus E and indentation depth h can be expressed as By combiningthese two formulas, we find that there is a relationship between yield stress and indentation depth h：where σyO is the yield strength associated with the strain-hardening exponent n, the true hardness Ho and the true elastic modulus *** constant, whichis only related to n, and hH and hE are characteristic lengths for hardness and elastic modulus. The results obtained from inverse analysis show that the elastic-plastic properties of thin films can be uniquely extracted from the solution of this relationship when the indentation size effect has to be taken into account.

关键词： Indentation Elastic-plastic properties Metal thin films Inverse analysis

EsTABLIsHMENT OF THE OcEAN DYNAMIc sYsTEM WITH FOUR sUB-sYsTEMs AND THE DERIVATION OF THEIR GOVERNING EQUATION sETs

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2012年第2期24卷 153-168页

作者： YUAN Ye-li QIA0 Fang-li YIN Xun-qiang HAN Lei LU Ming The First Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration of ChinaQingdao 266061China

Based on their differences in physical characteristics and time-space scales,the ocean motions have been divided into four types in the present paper：turbulence,wave-like motion,eddy-like motion and *** the three-fold Reynolds averages to the governing equations with Boussinesq approximation,with the averages defined on the former three sub-systems,we derive the governing equation sets of the four sub-systems and refer to their sum as ＂the ocean dynamic system＂.In these equation sets,the interactions among different motions appear in two forms：the first one includes advection transport and shear instability generation of larger scale motions,and the second one is the mixing induced by smaller scale motions in the form of transport flux *** governing equation sets are the basis of analytical/numerical descriptions of various ocean processes.

关键词： ocean dynamic system four sub-systems advection transport shear instability transport flux residue

Urban china in Transformation:Hybrid Economy,Juxtaposed space,and New Testing Ground for Geographical Enquiries

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chinese Geographical science 2011年第1期21卷 1-16页

作者： George c s LIN Department of Geography University of Hong Kong

History has brought us into a significant moment when the majority of the human kind has taken up resi-dence in urban settlements. The focus of global urbanization has shifted to the developing world and the center of manufacturing is no longer confined to the Global North. This paper provides a periodical assessment of the current status of china's urban transformation in the global context of a shifting emphasis of industrialization and urbaniza-tion. china's phenomenal urban transformation deserves a special attention not only because of its unparalleled scale and speed but also because of its distinct trajectory of growth that does not conform to normal theoretical ex-pectations. The results of assessment revealed an urban economy with remarkable hybridity, a society that is in-creasingly stratified, polarized, and segregated, and a juxtaposed urban space undergoing restless and pervasive transformation. A decentering world should entail a decentering knowledge production. A critical reflection upon the chinese patterns and processes of urban transformation has identified 4 main issues with great potentials for inno-vative knowledge production, namely: 1) privatization and economic development; 2) state, society, and space; 3) urbanization of capital, labor, and land; and 4) the environment and chinese political ecology. The paper closes with the remark that a rapidly transforming urban china has presented itself as a fertile and resourceful testing ground for critical and innovative geographic enquiries.

关键词： urban geography urbanization chinese cities political economy china

compressive strength, Pore size Distribution and chloride-ion Penetration of Recycled Aggregate concrete Incorporating class-F Fly Ash

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Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials science) 2006年第4期21卷 130-136页

作者：寇世聪 c s Poon Department of civil and structural Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung HomKowloon Hong Kong

The effects of fly ash on the compressive strength, pore size distribution and chloride-ion penetration of recycled aggregate concrete were investigated. Two series of concrete mb：tures were prepared. The concrete mixtures in series I had a water-to-binder ratio and a cement content of 0.55 and 410 kg/ m^3 , respectively. The concrete rnixtures in series II had a water-to-binder ratio and a cement content of 0.45 and 400 kg/ ml respectively. Recycled aggregate was ased as 20% , 50% , and 100% replacements of natural coarse aggregate in the concrete mixtures in both series. In cutdition, fly ash was used as 0% , 25% and 35% by weight replacements of cement. The results show that the compressive strengths of the concrete decreased as the recycled aggregate and the fly ash contents increased. The total porosity and average porosity diameter of the concrete increased us the recycled aggregate content increased. Furtherrruore , an increase in the recycled aggregate content decreased the resistance to chloride ion penetration. Nevertheless, the replacement of cement by 25% fly ush improved the resistance to chloride ion penetration and pore diameters and reduced the total porosity of the recycled aggregate concrete.

关键词： durability properties recycled aggregate concrete fly ash

Effect of stand density and humus removal on regeneration of Pinus densiflora seedlings in a mixed conifer and broad-leaved forest

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Forestry studies in china 2012年第2期14卷 85-91页

作者： WUchu-ping MakotoAND0 ZHANGJun sHENAi．hua YUANWei-gao ZHUJin—ru JIANGB0 ZhejiangForestryAcademy Hangzhou310023PR．China FieldscienceEducationandResearchcenter KyotoUniversityKitashirakawa—oiwakeKyoto6068502Japan

We studied the impact of stand density and forest floor humus removal on regeneration ofPinus densiflora in a mixed co- nifer and broad-leaved forest on the Daimonji-Yama Mountain, Kyoto, Japan. Three levels of stand density were set, i.e., a clear-cut site, a heavily thinned site and a lightly thinned site. In each density treatment, comparisons were carried out between humus removal （A0-free） and humus intact （A0-intact） subplots. We counted the emergence of sown pine seeds and measured survival and growth of pine seedlings over the next four years. In addition, light conditions and the recovery of understory were monitored. Results show that thinning intensity and humus removal promoted the establishment and growth of seedlings. One exception, however, was that seedling growth was minimal in the heavily thinned A0-intact subplots. This was due to a strong response of understory vegetation growth on the treatment combination, which hindered the pine seedling growth. Furthermore, we found that the canopy openness measured at 1.3-m height remained at least 35% for the heavily thinned site in 2008. The results suggest that the removal of the A0 layer after heavy thinning is the most effective and labor-saving operation for P. densifiora regeneration.

关键词： Pinus densiflora regeneration understory vegetation thinning forest operation