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Enabling silicon photoanodes for efficient solar water splitting by electroless-deposited nickel

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Nano Research 2018年第6期11卷 3499-3508页

作者： Jiheng Zhao Thomas.mark Gill Xiaolin Zheng Department of Mechanical Engineering Stanford University Stanford 9430S USA

Enabling si photoanodes for efficient solar water oxidation would facilitate the development of solar fuel conversion, but it is challenging owing to si surface passivation via photo-induced corrosion in aqueous electrolytes. To overcome this challenge, most approaches have focused on improving the stability of si by coating dense and thin protective layers using high vacuum-based techniques such as atomic layer deposition. However, these procedures are costly, making scalability for practical applications difficult. Herein, we report a modified electroless deposition （ELD） method to uniformly deposit protective and catalytic Ni films on si wafers, resulting in efficient and stable si photoanodes for solar water oxidation. The optimized Ni/n-si photoanode achieves an onset potential of -1.09 V vs. a reversible hydrogen electrode and a saturation current density of -27.5 mA/cm^2 under AM 1.5 G illumination at pH 14. The ELD method is additionally capable of Ni deposition on a 4-inch n-si wafer, demonstrating the first 4-inch si photoanode. The solar water oxidation of the ELD-Ni/n-si photoanode can be further improved by surface texturing, built-in n-p junctions, or coupling with more efficient catalysts.

关键词： Ni deposition electroless plating si photoanode oxygen evolution reaction (OER) photoelectrochemical water splitting

Characterizing and Mitigating Chemomechanical Degradation in High-Energy Lithium-Ion Battery Cathode Materials

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Accounts of Materials Research 2022年第5期3卷 511-524页

作者： Norman s.Luu Kyu-Young Park mark C.Hersam Department of Materials science and Engineering Northwestern UniversityEvanstonIllinois 60208United States Graduate Institute of Ferrous and Energy Materials Technology Pohang University of Science and TechnologyPohangKyungbuk 37673Republic of Korea Department of Chemistry and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Northwestern UniversityEvanstonIllinois 60208United

Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)are nearly ubiquitous energy storage solutions,powering devices ranging from consumer electronics to electric *** advance these applications,current LIB research efforts are directed toward improving energy and power densities,cyclic lifetimes,charging speeds,and *** parameters are intrinsically tied to properties of the active electrode materials,such as the redox mechanism,chemical composition,and crystal *** particularly challenging issue is that the active electrode materials that possess higher theoretical energy densities are generally more susceptible to degradation during cycling.A notable example is the family of layered multicomponent transition metal oxides,which is the incumbent class of active LIB cathode materials for electric *** increase their theoretical capacities,the transition metal fraction in these materials is trending toward higher Ni ***,Ni-rich chemistries suffer from electrochemical,crystallographic,and mechanical degradation that increase in severity with increasing Ni ***,alternative high-energy cathode materials,including overlithiated layered oxides and disordered rock salt materials,present additional stability challenges that must be overcome before they can be realistically incorporated into LIB *** chemomechanical degradation in high-energy LIB cathode materials occurs at multiple length *** defects,such as antisite defects or vacancies,are commonly generated during electrochemical cycling and can contribute to the loss of cyclable active *** both the primary and secondary particle level,electrochemical cycling also induces significant volumetric changes and state-of-charge heterogeneity,generating regions of high stress and strain that are precursors to mechanical ***,at the electrode level,nonuniform charge transfer reactions throughout the electrode can lead to locally overcharged regions that become

关键词： Battery electrode cycling

Absence of high amplitude propagating contractions in subjects with chronic spinal cord injury

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第43期16卷 5435-5439页

作者： Hanumantha R Ancha Noel R Fajardo William A Bauman Alan s Rosman Marinella Galea Graham Creasey mark A Korsten Rehabilitation Research and Development Center of Excellence for Medical Consequences of spinal Cord Injury James J. Peters VA Medical Center Medical service James J. Peters VA Medical Center Department of Medicine Mount Sinai School of Medicine Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Mount Sinai School of Medicine spinal Cord Injury service James J. Peters VA Medical Center spinal Cord Injury service VA Medical Center

AIM: To investigate the presence or absence of high amplitude propagating contractions (HAPC), as well as the other measures of colonic motility, in persons with spinal cord injury (sCI). METHODs: Prolonged colonic ambulatory manometric studies were performed on 14 male volunteers: 8 with sCI (mean age, 59 ± 13 years; mean duration of injury, 13 ± 4 years) and 6 healthy able-bodied controls (mean age, 57 ± 10 years). A solid-state manometry catheter was endoscopically clipped to the splenic flexure. Recording was performed for > 24 h after manometric catheter placement. REsULTs: HAPC were absent in individuals with sCI during pre-sleep, sleep, and post-sleep phases. HAPC were significantly increased after awakening in non-sCI controls (0.8 ± 0.2 HAPC/h vs 10.5 ± 2.0 HAPC/h, P s lower in those with sCI than in controls preand post-sleep (sCI vs non-sCI: Pre-sleep, 2.4 ± 0.4 vs 8.8 ± 1.9, P st-sleep, 4.3 ± 0.8 vs 16.5 ± 4.5, P sleepinduced depression of colonic motility was observed in both the sCI and non-sCI groups (Pre-sleep vs sleep, non-sCI: 8.8 ± 1.9 vs 2.1 ± 0.9, P sCI: 2.4 ± 0.4 vs 0.2 ± 0.03, P se with sCI during sleep not significantly different than that of the controls. CONCLUsION: HAPC were not observed in individuals with sCI preor post-sleep. A sleep-induced depression in general colonic motility was evident in sCI and control subjects.

关键词： spinal cord injury Neurogenic bowel Bowel motility High amplitude propagating contractions Motility index

Immunosuppressive therapies for inflammatory bowel disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第12期20卷 3146-3152页

作者： Talia Zenlea mark A Peppercorn Center for Women’s Gastrointestinal Medicine The Women’s Medicine CollaborativeAlpert Medical SchoolBrown University Division of Gastroenterology Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBoston

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is comprised of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, both chronic inflammatory intestinal disorders of unknown etiology characterized by a waxing and waning clinical course. For many years, the drug therapy was limited to sulfasalazine and related aminosalicylates, corticosteroids and antibiotics. studies suggesting that the pathophysiology of these disorders relates to a disregulated, over-active immune response to indigenous bacteria have led to the increasing importance of immunosuppressive drugs for the therapy of IBD. This review details the mechanisms of action, clinical efficacy, and adverse effects of these agents.

关键词： Crohn’ s disease, Ulcerative colitis, Inflammatory bowel disease, Immunosuppressives, Tumor necrosis factor inhibitors

Focus on LPA signaling:a promising therapeutic target to foster regeneration in immune-mediated neuropathies

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第12期18卷 2651-2652页

作者： Fabian szepanowski mark stettner Department of Neurology and Center for Translational and Behavioral Neurosciences(C-TNBs) University Medicine EssenUniversity Duisburg EssenEssenGermany

Lysophospholipids are metabolites of glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids that are commonly found as lipid constituents of cell *** addition to their function as structural membrane components,certain members of the lysophospholipid family have considera ble cell signaling pro ***-1-phosphate(s1P) and lysophosphatidic acid(LPA)represent the two major bioactive members of the lysophospholipid family that address specific G-protein cou pled receptors.

关键词： lipids therapeutic Focus

Covalent edge-functionalization of graphene oxide with porphyrins for highly efficient photoinduced electron/energy transfer and enhanced nonlinear optical performance

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Nano Research 2023年第1期16卷 25-32页

作者： Lulu Fu mark G.Humphrey Chi Zhang China-Australia Joint Research Center for Functional Molecular Materials School of Chemical Science and EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China school of Chemical and Material Engineering Jiangnan UniversityWuxi 214122China Research school of Chemistry Australian National UniversityCanberraACT 2601Australia

Covalent modification of graphene oxide(GO)with functional chromophores plays an important role in constructing various kinds of advanced optoelectronic materials for applications in molecular diagnosis,light-harvesting,photodynamic therapy,and optical ***,a new approach to functionalizing GO with meso-substituted formylporphyrins at GO’s edge sites via imidazole condensation is developed,which affords a novel GO-imi-Por nanohybrid covalently-linked by imidazole rings between two *** structure of the GO-imi-Por nanohybrid was thoroughly characterized by scanning electron microscopy(sEM),attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared(ATR-FTIR),Raman,and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPs).The red-shifted steady-state absorption,95%quenched fluorescence,and largely enhanced nonlinear optical(NLO)properties through Z-scan studies at lower input energies demonstrate that this GO-imi-Por nanohybrid exhibits a more effective photoinduced energy/electron transfer between the intrahybrid two components and can be flexibly applied as an optical limiter *** covalent edge-functionalization approach provides a new paradigm for constructing various edge-expanding GO nanohybrids with an efficient energy/electron transfer process and improved nonlinear optical effects,which would draw inspiration for engineering more adaptable optoelectronic devices.

关键词： covalent edge-functionalization nonlinear optics graphene oxide porphyrin nanohybrid

Fuel and vegetation changes in southwestern, unburned portions of Great smoky Mountains National Park, UsA, 2003-2019

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Journal of Forestry Research 2022年第5期33卷 1459-1470页

作者： T.Adam Coates W.mark Ford Department of Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State UniversityBlacksburgVA 24061USA U.s.Geological survey Virginia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research UnitDepartment of Fisheries and Wildlife ConservationVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State UniversityBlacksburgVA 24061USA

Overstory basal area,ericaceous shrub cover(Kalmia latifolia *** Rhododendron maximum L.),and fuels(i.e.,woody fuel loads and depths and O Horizon thickness) were assessed within Great smoky Mountains National Park,UsA,in *** to recent wildfire activity within the southern Appalachian Mountain region(including Great smoky Mountains National Park),the potential spread and expansion of ericaceous shrubs,and the impacts of the hemlock woolly adelgid(Adelges tsugae Annand) on eastern hemlock(Tsuga canadensis(L.) Carrière),these same ecosystem components were again assessed in *** and moisture regime(xeric,intermediate,and mesic) were included in this assessment as potential influential *** evaluation of repeated measurements from 40 plots suggested that O Horizon thickness did not change significantly over the 16-year period,but increased as elevation increased,and moisture regime(xeric O Horizon thickness> mesic O Horizon thickness) was a significant,related *** sum of 1-,10-,and 100-h fuel loads(fuels less sed,whereas woody fuel depth decreased over the16-year *** significant changes in 1000-h fuel lo ads(>7.6 cm diameter),total woody fuel loads,ericaceous shrub cover,total basal area,or live *** basal area were *** *** basal area decreased with increasing ***,standing *** basal area increased from 2003-2019,and that increase was most pronounced as elevation increased on xeric and intermediate ***,we found that:*** increases in total woody fuel loads and ericaceous shrub cover were not present;and *** and moisture regime were most related to observed changes in vegetation and fuel condition.

关键词： Eastern hemlock Hemlock woolly adelgid Mountain laurel Rhododendron

Exploring the impact of COVID-19 on the movement behaviors of children and youth:A scoping review of evidence after the first year

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Journal of sport and Health science 2021年第6期10卷 675-689页

作者： Derek C.Paterson Katelynn Ramage sarah A.Moore Negin Riazi mark s.Tremblay Guy Faulkner school of Kinesiology Faculty of EducationUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish Columbia V6T 1Z4Canada school of Health and Human Performance Dalhousie UniversityHalifaxNova Scotia B3H 4R2Canada Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute OttawaOntario K1H 5B2Canada Department of Pediatrics University of OttawaOttawaOntario K1N 6N5Canada

Purpose:The objective of this scoping review was to summarize systematically the available literature investigating the relationships between the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic and movement behaviors(physical activity,sedentary behavior,and sleep)of school-aged children(aged 511 years)and youth(aged 1217 years)in the first year of the COVID-19 ***:searches for published literature were conducted across 6 databases on 2 separate search dates(November 25,2020,and January 27,2021).Results were screened and extracted by 2 reviewers(DCP and KR)independently,using *** numeric analysis and content analysis were undertaken to present thematically the findings of included studies according to the associated impact on each movement ***:A total of 1486 records were extracted from database searches;of those,150 met inclusion criteria and were included for *** 150 articles,110 were empirical studies examining physical activity(n=77),sedentary behavior/screen time(n=58),and sleep(n=55).Results consistently reported declines in physical-activity time,increases in screen time and total sedentary behavior,shifts to later bed and wake times,and increases in sleep *** reported impacts on movement behaviors were greater for youth than for ***:The COVID-19 pandemic is related to changes in the quantity and nature of physical activity,sedentary behavior,and sleep among children and *** is an urgent need for policy makers,practitioners,and researchers to develop solutions for attenuating adverse changes in physical activity and screen time among children and youth.

关键词： Pandemic Physical activity screen time sedentary sleep

Presence of hepcidin-25 in biological fluids: Bile,ascitic and pleural fluids

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第17期16卷 2129-2133页

作者： Jayantha Arnold Arvind sangwaiya Vijay Manglam Frank Geoghegan mark Thursz mark Busbridge Department of Gastroenterology Ealing Hospital NHS TrustUxbridge RoadLondon UB1 3HWUnited Kingdom Department of Biochemistry Ealing Hospital NHS TrustUxbridge RoadLondon UB1 3HWUnited Kingdom Department of Hepatology St Mary's Hospital NHS TrustImperial CollegePraed StreetLondon W2 1NYUnited Kingdom Department of Clinical Chemistry Charing Cross and Hammersmith Hospital NHS TrustImperial CollegeFulham Palace RoadLondon W6 8RFUnited Kingdom

AIM: To examine body fluids such as ascitic fluid (AF),saliva,bile and pleural effusions for the presence of hepcidin using a novel radioimmunoassay (RIA).METHODs: serum samples were collected from 25 healthy volunteers (mean age: 36 ± 11.9 years,11 males,14 females).In addition bile was obtained from 12 patients undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (mean age: 66.9 ± 16.7 years,M:F = 5:7).saliva was collected from 17 healthy volunteers (mean age: 35 ± 9.9 years,M:F = 8:9).Pleural and AF were collected from 11 and 16 patients [(mean age: 72 ± 20.5 years,M:F = 7:4) and (mean age: 67.32 ± 15.2 years,M:F = 12:4)],*** biological fluid samples (serum,exudative and transudative fluids) were tested for the presence of hepcidin-25 molecule using ***: Hepcidin-25 was detected in all biological fluids *** mean ± sD hepcidin-25 in serum was 15.68 ± 15.7 ng/mL,bile 7.37 ± 7.4 ng/mL,saliva 3.4 ± 2.8 ng/mL,exudative fluid 65.64 ± 96.82 ng/mL and transudative fluid 14.1 ± 17.8 ng/***: We provide clear evidence that hepcidin-25 is present in bile,saliva,pleural and ascitic *** is likely to play a role here in innate immunity.

关键词： Hepcidin Hepcidin assay Hepcidin in biological fluids Hepcidin in ascitic fluid Bile Exudates Antimicrobial peptides