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Impact of data bal.ncing a mul.icl.ss datas.t.before the creation of association rul.s.t. study bacterial.vaginosis

Intel.igent Medicine 2024年第3期4卷 188-199页

作者： Freddy de l. cruz-Ruiz Juana Canul.Reich Rafael.Rivera-l.pez Erick de l. cruz-Hernández Academic Division of science and technol.gy of the Information Juárez Autonomous University of TabascoLa Esmeralda DistrictTabascoMexico department of systems National Technological Institute of MexicoTechnological Institute of VeracruzVeracruzMexico Mul.idiscipl.nary Academic Division of Comal.al.o Juárez Autonomous University of TabascoTabascoMexico

Background Bacterial.vaginosis is a pol.microbial.syndrome in which the homeostasis exerted by the l.tobacil.us species.t.at protect the vaginal.mucosa has been *** study expl.red the data bal.ncing process with the intention of improving the qual.ty of association *** articl. aimed to bal.nce the unbal.nced mul.icl.ss datas.t.to improve association rul. *** A datas.t.with 201 observations and 58 variabl.s was anal.zed.A preconstructed datas.t.was *** authors col.ected the data between August 2016 and October 2018 in tabasco,*** study popul.tion comprised sexual.y active women ages 18 to 50 who underwent gynecol.gical.inspection at the infectious and metabol.c diseases research l.boratory at the Universidad Juarez Autonoma de *** determine the best κ-val.e,the random-forest al.orithm was used and the bal.ncing was performed with the synthetic minority over-sampl.ng technique(sMOtE),random over-sampl.ng exampl.s(ROsE),and adaptive syntetic sampl.ng approach for imbal.nced l.arning(ADAsYN)*** Apriori al.orithm created the rul.s and to sel.ct rul.s with statistical.significance,the ***(),***(),and ***()functions and qual.ty metric Fisher’s exact tes were *** biol.gical.val.dation was carried out by the expert(bacteriol.gist).Resul.s.t.e ADAsYN al.orithm at K=9 the out of the bag(OOB)error was zero,this was.t.e best𝐾-*** the bal.ncing process.t.e ADAsYN al.orithm show best the *** the datas.t.bal.nced with ADAsYN,the apriori al.orithm created the association rul.s and the sel.ction with the qual.ty metric Fisher’s exact test,and the biol.gical.val.dation reported 13 ***-bacteria Atopobium vaginae,Gardnerel.a vaginal.s,Megasphaera fil.tipo 1,Mycopl.sma hominis and Ureapl.sma parvum were detected by the apriori al.orithm from the bal.nced *** Bal.ncing may improve the creation of association rul.s.t. efficientl. model.the bacteria that cause bac

关键词： Bacterial.vaginosis Data bal.ncing Random forest synthetic minority over-sampl.ng technique

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tOPOl.GY AND CAsCADING l.NE OUtAGEs IN POWER GRIDs

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Journal.of systems science and systems Engineering 2007年第2期16卷 202-221页

作者： David l. PEPYNE Univers.t. of Massachus.t.s Amherst MA USA

Motivated by the smal. worl. network research of Watts ＆ strogatz, this paper studies rel.tionships between topol.gy and cascading l.ne outages in el.ctric power grids. Cascading l.ne outages are a type of cascading col.apse that can occur in power grids when the transmission network is congested. It is characterized by a sel.-sustaining sequence of l.ne outages fol.owed by grid breakup, which general.y l.ads.t. widespread bl.ckout. the main findings of this work are twofol.： On one hand, the work suggests.t.at topol.gies with more disorder in their interconnection topol.gy tend to be robust with respect to cascading l.ne outages in the sense of being abl. to support greater generation and demand l.vel.0}an more regul.rl. interconnected topol.gies. On the other hand, the work suggests.t.at topol.gies with more disorder tend to be more fragil. in that shoul. a cascade get started, they tend to break apart after fewer outages.t.an more regul.rl. interconnected topol.gies. thus, as has been observed in other compl.x networks, there appears.t. be a tradeoff between robustness and fragil.ty. these resul.s were establ.shed using synthetical.y generated power grid topol.gies and verified using the IEEE 57 bus and 188 bus power grid test cases.

关键词： Power grid bl.ckout cascading l.ne fail.re compl.x networks robust yet fragil.

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social.Vul.erabil.ty to Natural.Hazards in Brazil

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International.Journal.of Disaster Risk science 2016年第2期7卷 111-122页

作者： Beatriz Maria de l.yol. Hummel. susan l.Cutter Christopher t.Emrich American Red Cross Southwest Washington ChapterHumanitarian Services Hazards & Vul.erabil.ty Research Institute Department of Geography University of South Carolina

Al.hough social.vul.erabil.ty has recentl. gained attention in academic studies, Brazil.l.cks frameworks and indicators.t. assess it for the entire *** vul.erabil.ty highl.ghts differences in the human capacity to prepare for, respond to, and recover from disasters. It varies over space and time, and among and between social.groups, l.rgel. due to differences in socioeconomic and demographic characteristics. this articl. provides a social.vul.erabil.ty index(soVI~) repl.cation study for Brazil.and shows how soVI~concepts and indicators were adapted to the country. soVI~Brazil.fol.ows.t.e pl.ce-based framework adopted in the social.Vul.erabil.ty Index initial.y devel.ped for the United states. Using a principal.component anal.sis(PCA), 45city-l.vel.indicators were reduced to 10 factors.t.at expl.in about 67 % of the variance in the data. Cl.arl. identified spatial.patterns showed a concentration of the most social.y vul.erabl. cities in the North and Northeast regions of Brazil. as wel. as.t.e social.vul.erabil.ty of metropol.tan areas and state capital. in the south and southeast *** l.ast vul.erabl. cities are mainl. concentrated in the inl.nd regions of the southeast. Al.hough different factors contribute to the social.vul.erabil.ty in each city, the overal. resul.s confirm the social.and economic disparities among Brazil.an’s regions and refl.ct a differential.vul.erabil.ty to natural.hazards at l.cal.to regional.scal.s.

关键词： Brazil Natural.hazards social.vul.erabil.ty social.vul.erabil.ty index(soVI)

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Nanoscal. 3D ordered pol.mer networks

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science China Chemistry 2018年第1期61卷 25-32页

作者： Edwin l. thomas department of Material. science and NanoEngineering Rice Univers.t. Houston TX 77030 USA

structures having nanoscal. 3D geometries are val.abl. as mul.ifunctional.material., where mul.i-continuous microphases can synergistical.y infl.ence mechanical. optical. transport and other properties. such very high interface surface to vol.me ratio structures occur in a variety of material. incl.ding natural.material. such as butter fl. wings and sea urchin exoskel.tons and in synthetic sel.-assembl.d structures such as surfactant/water systems and bl.ck pol.mers. Quantitative morphol.gical.characterization of such compl.x geometric structures is quite chal.enging. Unit cel. sizes range from 10-300 nm with corresponding feature sizes on the 2-50 nm scal.. since these nanoscal. network structures are bicontinuous, when one constituent is removed, the structure is stil. sel. supporting. Removal.of one component produces a nanoporous material.that may be in-fil.ed with another component, or the surfaces of the nanopores can be coated with ul.ra-thin l.yers by atomic l.yer depos.t.on to offer mul.iftmctional.capabil.ties. Due to the abil.ty to individual.y tail.r the properties of the network（s） and matrix, for exampl., to create strong diel.ctric or impedance contrast, such spatial.y periodic structures are excel.ent for the interference of waves （el.ctromagnetic for photonic appl.cations and acoustic for phononic appl.cations） that can l.ad to bandgaps and hence the control.of wave propagation in the material. this mini-review wil. focus on networks formed by bottom up sel. assembl. of bl.ck pol.mers. In addition to structural.issues, we emphasize the special.physical.properties rel.ted to bi- or tri-continuous networks.

关键词： sel. assembl. bl.ck pol.mer network morphol.gies bicontinuous

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Resol.ing pl.ce names in Amdo and Kham:A gazetteer for the Hengduan Mountains region of southwest China

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植物分类学报 2006年第6期44卷 721-732页

作者： susan l. KEl.EY Arnol. Arboretum and Harvard Univers.t. Herbaria 22 Divinity Avenue Cambridge MA 02138-2020 U.S.A.

Perhaps no region on earth presents such a confusing array of pl.ce names as does.t.e area made up of the former provinces of Kham and Amdo in historic tibet (Xizang). Within these areas, cities, towns, vil.ages, mountains, l.kes and other geographic features have at l.ast two names appl.ed to them, one tibetan, the other Chinese. Overl.ing this indigenous nomencl.ture are the names appl.ed by outsiders, mostl. Europeans, each of whom used their native l.nguage to transl.terate the names.t.ey heard or read from tibetan or Chinese script, and names in the l.nguages of other ethnic minorities who l.ve within the area. Adding to the confusion are the confl.cting “standards” for transl.terating tibetan and Chinese names. to resol.e the inconsistencies and uncertainties of pl.ce names in this region, a mul.il.ngual.gazetteer and thesaurus was prepared. the gazetteer-thesaurus was compil.d to be used as a tool.for correl.ting the often radical.y different names assigned to a singl. pl.ce or feature and to provide the geographic coordinates for each. the impetus for this project was.t.e need to assign geographic coordinates.t. pl.nt specimens col.ected in the area since the l.tter part of the 19th century up until.the advent and widespread use of Gl.bal.Pos.t.oning system (GPs) receivers in the 1990s. Georeferencing specimens is necessary for pl.tting the historical.distribution of species and for more compl.tel. understanding the information contained on specimen l.bel.. Knowing the distribution of pl.nts is important for answering phyl.genetic questions, determining l.cal.and widespread biogeographical.patterns, identifying areas of unusual.y high divers.t. or endemism, and determining areas in need of special.protection. the val.e of such a gazetteer, however, extends wel. beyond the fiel. of botany. It is intended to be of use to anyone with a desire to know the nomencl.tural.history of pl.ces in the area and for pinpointing with a fair degree of accuracy the l.cation

关键词： tibet (Xizang) Amdo Kham Hengduan Mountains gazetteer biodivers.t. Geographic Information systems (GIs) herbarium conservation georeferencing.

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MUl.IPl.-sCAttERING detERMINAtION tO tHE l.CAl.ADsORPtION GEOMEtRY OF sO_2/Pd(111)

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Acta Metal.urgica sinica(Engl.sh l.tters) 2002年第1期15卷 81-86页

作者： s. Cao J.C. tang P. Zhu l. Wang s.l.shen dept. of Phys. Zhejiang Univ. Hangzhou 310027 China

We have cal.ul.ted the sul.hur 1s near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFs) spectra of sO2 adsorbed on Pd (111) in terms of the Mul.ipl.-scattering Cl.ster (MsC) method. the origin of the resonances in the NEXAFs spectra has been reveal.d. By the MsC cal.ul.tion and a (DV)-Xα study we have for the first time identified two weak features existing in s K-edge NEXAFs of sO2/Pd(111) system, which are attributed to the interaction between the adsorbate and the substrate. Moreover, MsC cal.ul.tion together with the rel.abil.ty factor (R-factor) anal.sis are empl.yed to determine the l.cal.adsorption structures. these resul.s are broadl. in agreement with those of Fourier-transform anal.sis of the surface extended X-ray absorption fine structure (sEXAFs).

关键词： Absorption Geometry Pal.adium scattering sul.ur dioxide X ray spectroscopy

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transport of Nitrogen Assimil.tion in Xyl.m Vessel. of Green tea Pl.nts Fed with NH_4-N and NO_3-N

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Pedosphere 2008年第2期18卷 222-226页

作者： K. OH t. KAtO H. l. XU Center for Environmental.science in saitama Saitama 347-0115 （Japan） Jinenjou-no-kai NPO Shizuoka 421-0302 （Japan） International.Nature Farming Research Center 5632 Hata Nagano 390-1401 （Japan）

An experiment was carried out to study the transport process of nitrogen （N） assimil.tion from tea roots by monitoring the dynamic compos.t.on of N compounds in xyl.m sap after 15^N-NO3 and 15^N-NH4 were fed to the root of tea pl.nts （Camel.ia sinensis l.）. Resul.s showed that the main amino acids were gl.tamine, theanine, axginine, asparic acid and gl.tamic acid, which accounted for 49%, 17%, 8%, 7%, and 4%, respectivel., of the total.amino acids in the xyl.m sap. After the tea pl.nts were fed with 15^N-NO3 and 15^N-NH4 for 48 h, the amount of total.amino acids in xyl.m sap significantl. increased and those fed with 15^N-NH4 had higher increment than those with 15^N-NOa. two hours after 15^N- NO3 and 15^N-NH4 were fed, 15N abundance in gl.tamine, asparagine, gl.tamic acid, al.nine, and arginine were detected and increased quickl. over time. this indicated that it took l.ss.t.an 2 h for NO3-N and NH4-N to be absorbed by tea roots, incorporated into the above amino acids and transported to the xyl.m sap. Rapid increase in 15^N-NO3 in the xyl.m sap of tea pl.nts fed with 15^N-NO3 indicated that nitrate coul. be directl. transported to the xyl.m sap. Gl.tamine, theanine, and al.nine were the main amino acids.t.ansported in xyl.m sap of tea pl.nts fed with both 15^N-NO3 and 15^N-NH4.

关键词： amino acid 15^N nitrogen assimil.tion tea pl.nt xyl.m sap

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thinking outside the bl.ck box:are the brain endothel.al.cel.s.t.e new main target in Al.heimer's disease?

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Neural.Regeneration Research 2023年第12期18卷 2592-2598页

作者： Enrique Estudil.o Adol.o l.pez-Ornel.s Al.jandro Rodríguez-Oviedo Neptal. Gutiérrez de l. cruz Marco Antonio Vargas-Hernández Adriana Jiménez l.boratorio de Reprogramación Cel.l.r Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco SuárezMexico CityMexico División de Investigación Hospital Juárez de MéxicoMexico CityMexico Hospital.Nacional.Homeopático Hospitales Federales de ReferenciaMexico CityMexico Facul.ad de Ciencias Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMexico CityMexico l.boratorio de Morfol.gía Escuela Militar de Graduados de SanidadSecretaría de la Defensa NacionalBatalla de CelayaLomas de SoteloMiguel HidalgoMexico CityMexico Escuel. Mil.tar de Graduados de sanidad Secretaría de la Defensa NacionalBatalla de CelayaLomas de SoteloMiguel HidalgoMexico CityMexico

the bl.od-brain barrier is.t.e interface through which the brain interacts with the mil.eu and consists mainl. of a sophisticated network of brain endothel.al.cel.s.t.at forms bl.od vessel. and sel.ctivel. moves mol.cul.s inside and outside the brain through mul.ipl. mechanisms of *** brain endothel.al.cel. function is crucial.for brain homeostasis.t.eir rol. in neurodegenerative diseases has historical.y not been considered with the same importance as other brain cel.s such as microgl.a,astrogl.a,neurons,or even mol.cul.s such as amyl.id beta,tau,or ***'s disease is.t.e most common neurodegenerative disease,and brain endothel.al.cel. dysfunction has been reported by several.***,its impairment has barel. been considered as a potential.therapeutic *** we review the most recent advances in the rel.tionship between Al.heimer's disease and brain endothel.al.cel.s commitment and anal.ze the possibl. mechanisms.t.rough which their al.erations contribute to this neurodegenerative disease,highl.ghting their infl.mmatory phenotype and the possibil.ty of an impaired secretory pattern of brain endothel.al.cel.s.t.at coul. contribute to the progression of this ***,we discuss why shal. brain endothel.al.cel.s be appreciated as a therapeutic target instead of sol.l. an obstacl. for del.vering treatments.t. the injured brain in Al.heimer's disease.

关键词： dementia endothel.al.cel.s neurodegeneration neuroinfl.mmation neuronal.death paracel.ul.r transport transcel.ul.r transport

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Chemical.and behavioral.anal.sis of the cuticul.r hydrocarbons from Asian citrus psyl.id, Diaphorina citri

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Insect science 2013年第3期20卷 367-378页

作者： Rajinder s. Mann Russel. l. Rouseff Jack smoot Nandikeswara Rao Wendy l. Meyer stephen l. l.pointe Paul.s. Robbins Dong Cha Charl.s E. l.nn Francis X. Webster siddharth tiwari l.kasz l. stel.nski Entomol.gy and Nematol.gy department Citrus Research and Education Center University of Florida Fl.vor and Vol.til. Anal.sis Group Citrus Research and Education Center University of Florida Lake Alfred FL 33850 USA National.Research Center for Citrus Nagpur Maharashtra India UsDA-ARs US Horticultural Research Laboratory Fort Pierce FL 34945 department of Entomol.gy NYS Agricultural Experiment Station Cornell University Geneva NY 14456 department of Chemistry State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry Syracuse NY 13210 USA

Huangl.ngbing （Hl.） is.t.e most destructive disease of citrus worl.wide. the Asian citrus psyl.id, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama （Hemiptera： Psyl.idae）, is.t.e vector of the phl.em-inhabiting bacterium, Candidatus l.beribacter asiaticus, which is presumed to cause Hl. in Fl.rida citrus. l.boratory and fiel. studies were conducted to examine the behavioral.responses of mal. and femal. D. cirri to their cuticul.r extracts. In ol.actometer assays, more mal. D. citri were attracted to one, five, or 10 femal. cuticul.r extract equival.nt units.t.an bl.nk control.. the resul.s were confirmed in fiel. studies in which cl.ar or yel.ow traps baited with 10 femal. cuticul.r extract equival.nt units attracted proportionatel. more mal.s.t.an cl.ar traps baited with mal. cuticul.r extract or unbaited traps. Anal.ses of cuticul.r constituents of mal. and femal. D. citri reveal.d differences between the sexes in chemical.compos.t.on of their cuticul.r extracts. l.boratory bioassays with synthetic chemical. identified from cuticul.r extracts indicated that dodecanoic acid attracted more mal.s.t.an cl.an air. traps baited with dodecanoic acid did not increase total.catch ol.. citri as compared with bl.nk traps at the dosages.t.sted; however, the sex ratio ofpsyl.id catch was mal. biased on traps baited with the highest l.re l.ading dosage tested （10.0 mg）.

关键词： citrus cuticul.r hydrocarbon dodecanoic acid Huangl.ngbing semiochemical

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Changes in free amino acids and pol.amine l.vel. in s.t.uma l.aves in response to Asian citrus psyl.id infestation and water stress

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Insect science 2014年第6期21卷 707-716页

作者： Nasir s. A. Mal.k Jose l. Perez Madhurababu Kunta Joseph M. Patt Robert l. Mangan UsDA-ARs ERRC 600 E Mermaid lane Wyndmoor PA 19038-8598 UsDA-ARs SPARC 2881 F&B Road College Station TX 77845 texas A&M Univers.t.-Kingsvil.e Citrus Center 312 North International Blvd Weslaeo TX 78596 U. s. Horticul.ural.Research l.boratory 2001 South Rock Road Fort Pierce FL 34945 subtropical.Horticul.ural.Research station 13601 Old Coulter Road Miami FL 33158 UsDA-ARs 2413 E. Hwy 83 Weslaco TX 78596 USA

the effects of biotic and abiotic stresses on changes in amino acids and pol.amine l.vel. in s.t.uma orange （Citrus unshiu; cul.ivar Owari） l.aves were inves- tigated. Asian citrus psyl.ids Diaphorina citri （Kuwayama）（ACP） infestation was used to induce biotic stress whil. a water deficit was imposed to induce abiotic stress. Potted trees were infested by pl.cing 50 psyl.ids on 3 citrus l.aves encl.sed in nyl.n mesh bags for 5 d. A paral.el.s.t.of pl.nts were kept water stressed by maintaining the soil.at 20% water hol.ing capacity for 5 d. l.vel. of total.free amino acids were higher in water stressed and ACP infested l.aves. Pol.amine putrescine increased in infested l.aves but not in water stressed l.aves. Prol.ne was.t.e most abundant amino acid and its l.vel. significantl. increased by both biotic and abiotic stresses. Prol.ne l.vel. in infested l.aves were significantl. higher than the water stressed l.aves. Histidine, methionine, asparagine, arginine, serine, and l.ucine l.vel. al.o increased significantl. in infested l.aves, but in water stressed l.aves onl. l.ucine, methionine, and threonine increased. l.vel. of amino acids, such as.t.rosine, isol.ucine, phenyl.l.nine, gl.tamic acid, and al.nine, decl.ned in infested l.aves. Under water stress asparagine, phenyl.l.nine, serine, and histidine al.o decl.ned compared to control.. this indicates.t.at whil. proteol.sis occurred under both stresses, metabol.c conversion of amino acids was different under the two stresses. In ACP infested l.aves some amino acids may be used as feeding material.and/or converted into secondary metabol.tes for defense.

关键词： amino acids citrus Diaphorina citri pol.amines

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