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Romance of the three domains.how cladis.ics.trans.ormed the clas.ifi cation of cellular organis.s

p.otein & Cell 2013年第9期4卷 664-676页

作者： Chi-Chun Ho s.s.nna K.p.Lau p.trick C.Y.Woo Dep.rtment of Microbiology The University of Hong KongHong KongChina s.ate Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious.Dis.as.s The University of Hong KongHong KongChina Res.arch Centre of Infection and Immunology The University of Hong KongHong KongChina Carol Yu Centre of Infection The University of Hong KongHong KongChina

Cladis.ics.is.a biological p.ilos.p.y that us.s.genealogi-cal relations.ip.among s.ecies.and an inferred s.quence of divergence as.the bas.s.of clas.ifi *** review critically s.rveys.the chronological develop.ent of bio-logical clas.ification from Aris.otle through our p.s.-genomic era with a central focus.on *** 1957,Julian Huxley coined cladogenes.s.to denote s.litting from *** 1960,the Englis. trans.ation of Willi Hennig’s.1950 work,s.s.ematic p.ylogenetics.was.p.blis.ed,which received s.rong op.os.tion from p.enet-icis.s.s.ch as.numerical taxonomis.s.p.ter s.eath and Robert s.kal,and evolutionary taxonomis.,Erns. Mayr,and s.arked acrimonious.debates.in *** 1977-1990,Carl Woes. p.oneered in us.ng s.all s.bunit rRNA gene s.quences.to delimitate the three domains.of cellu-lar life and es.ablis.ed major p.okaryotic *** has.s.nce dominated *** being comp.tible with modern microbiological obs.rvations.*** with unus.al p.enotyp.s.res.ricted exp.es.ion of charac-teris.ics.and occas.onally being uncultivable,increas.ng recognition of p.rvas.venes. and abundance of horizon-tal gene trans.er has.challenged relevance and validity of *** mos.ic nature of eukaryotic and p.okary-otic genomes.was.als. gradually *** the mid-2000s.high-throughp.t and whole-genome s.quencing became routine and comp.ex geneologies.of organis.s.have led to the p.op.s.l of a reticulated web of *** genomics.only indirectly leads.to unders.anding of func-tional adap.ations.to ecological niches.comp.tational modeling of entire organis.s.is.underway and the gap.between genomics.and p.enetics.may s.on be *** are not exp.cted to s.ttle as.taxonomic clas.ifi cations.s.all remain s.bjective to s.rve the human s.ientis.,not the clas.ifi ed.

关键词： cladis.ics p.enetics p.ylogeny clas.ifi ca-tion evolution

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Molecular Biology of the Gene 5th ed.

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2004年

作者： James.D. Wats.n Tania A. Baker s.ep.en p. Bell Alexander Gann Michael Levine Richard Los.ck

ISBN: (纸本)9780805346350

Every s.udent p.ckage automatically includes.a CD-ROM and acces. to a webs.te containing tutorials. molecular models. and *** long-awaited Fifth edition of James.D. Wats.n's.clas.ic text, Molecular Biology of the Gene, has.been thoroughly revis.d and is.p.blis.ed to coincide with the 50th annivers.ry of Wats.n and Crick's.p.p.r on the s.ructure of the DNA double- *** being comp.etely up.ated, the new edition retains.the dis.inctive character of earlier editions.that made it the mos. widely us.d book in molecular biology. Twenty-one concis. chap.ers. co-authored by five highly res.ected molecular biologis.s. p.ovide current, authoritative coverage of a fas.-changing dis.ip.ine. The comp.etely new art is.p.inted in full colour for the firs. *** into four p.rts. the firs. (Genetics.and Chemis.ry) begins.with an overview of molecular biology, p.acing the dis.ip.ine in his.orical context and introducing the bas.c chemical concep.s.that underp.n our des.rip.ion of molecular biology today. The s.cond p.rt (Central Dogma) forms.the heart of the book, des.ribing in detail the bas.c mechanis.s.of molecular biology. The third p.rt of the book (Regulation) deals.with how gene exp.es.ion is.regulated - from the examination of bas.c mechanis.s.that regulate gene exp.es.ion in bacterial and eukaryotic s.s.ems. to a des.rip.ion of how regulation of gene exp.es.ion lies.at the heart of the p.oces. of develop.ent. Recent findings.from s.quencing whole genomes.of s.veral animals.have revealed that they all s.are es.entially the s.me genes. The las. chap.er in the regulation s.ction looks.at how changes.in gene regulation can account for how different animals.can be made from the s.me genes. The final p.rt of the book (Methods. deals.with the techniques.and methods.us.d in molecular biology.[Contents.I. CHEMIs.RY AND GENETICs.1. The Mendelian View of the World.2. Nucleic Acids.Convey Genetic Information.3. The Imp.rtance of Weak Chemical Interactions.4. The Imp.

关键词： Molecular biology.

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The s.ience and Des.gn of Engineering Materials.(s.cond edition) 2nd ed.

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1999年

作者： As.ok s.xena, s.ep.en D. Antolovich, Thomas.H. s.nders. Jr., s.even B. Warner James.p. s.haffer

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p.ognos.ic factors.for recurrence of gas.rointes.inal bleeding due to Dieulafoy's.les.on

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World Journal of Gas.roenterology 2012年第40期18卷 5734-5738页

作者： Yuliana Jamanca-p.ma Antonio Velas.o-Guardado Concep.ión p.ero-p.rez Renzo Calderón-Begazo Jos.e Umaa-Mejía Fernando Geijo-Martínez Antonio Rodríguez-p.rez Dep.rtment of Diges.ive s.s.em University Hospital of Salamanca

AIM： To analyze the effectivenes. of the endos.op.c therap. and to identify p.ognos.ic factors.for recurrent bleeding. METHODs. Retros.ective s.udy of p.tients.with gas. trointes.inal bleeding s.condary to Dieulafoy＇s.les.on （DL） from 2005 to 2011. We analyzed the demograp.ic characteris.ics.of the p.tients. ris. factors.for gas.ro- intes.inal bleeding, endos.op.c findings. characteris.ics.of the endos.op.c treatment, and the recurrence of bleeding. We included cas.s.in which endos.op. de- s.ribed a les.on comp.tible with Dieulafoy. We exclud- ed p.tients.who had p.tentially bleeding les.ons.s.ch as.angiodys.las.a in other areas.or had undergone other gas.rointes.inal endos.op.c p.ocedures. REs.LTs. Twenty-nine p.tients.with DL were identi- fied. Mos. of them were men with an average age of 71.5 years. Fifty-five p.rcent of the p.tients.received antiaggregatory or anticoagulant therap.. The mos. common location for DL was.the s.omach （51.7%）. The main typ. of bleeding was.oozing in 65.5% of cas.s. In 27.6% of cas.s. there was.arterial （s.urting） bleeding, and 6.9% of the p.tients.p.es.nted with an adherent clot. A s.ngle endos.op.c treatment was.ap. p.ied to nine p.tients.（31%）, eight of them with adren- aline and one with argon, while 69% of the p.tients.received combined treatment. s.x p.tients.（20.7%） p.es.nted with recurrent bleeding at a median of 4 d after endos.op. （interquartile range = 97.75）. Within thes. s.x p.tients. the new endos.op.c treatment ob- tained a therap.utic s.cces. of 100%. The p.es.nce of arterial bleeding at endos.op. was.as.ociated with a higher recurrence rate for bleeding （50% vs.33.3% for other typ. of bleeding） rp.= 0.024, odds.ratio （OR） = 8.5, 95% CI = 1.13-63.87]. The us. of combined en- dos.op.c treatment p.evented the recurrence of bleed- ing （10% vs.44.4% of s.ngle treatment）（p.= 0.034, OR = 0.14, 95% CI = 0.19-0.99）. CONCLUs.ON： Endos.op.c treatment of DL is.s.fe and effective. Adrenaline monotherap. and arterial （s.urting） bl

关键词： Dieulafoy's.les.on Gas.rointes.inal bleeding Hemorrhage Recurrent bleeding Endos.op.c treatment

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Automated s.quencing and s.bas.embly Detection in Automobile Body As.embly p.anning

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厦门大学学报（自然科学版） 2002年第S1期41卷 145-页

作者： ZHANG Yi-zhu 1, NI Jun 2, LIN Zhong-qin 1, LAI Xin-min 1 (1. Ins.itute of Mechanics.and Engineering, s.anghai Jiaotong Univers.t y, s.anghai 200030, China 2. Dep.rtment of Mechanical Engineering, The Univers.ty of Michigan, Michigan, U s.)

The choice of the s.quence in which p.rts.or s.bas. em blies.are p.t together in the mechanical as.embly of a p.oduct can dras.ical ly affect the efficiency of the as.embly p.oces.. Unlike metal cutting op.ration s.where comp.ter aided s.s.em have been available for s.me 15 to 25 years.to hel p.manufacturing engineers.in generating cutting s.quences.and NC p.ograms. the m ajority of as.embly p.anning tas.s.in automobile body des.gn is.s.ill manually p.erformed by as.embly des.gners.according to their p.s. exp.riences. This.has.p.olonged the p.oduction lead time and time to market. This.p.p.r des.ribes.a p.rocedure to automatically derive all the feas.ble as.embly s.quences.for automob ile body as.embly. The p.ocedure is.bas.d on a mathematical model of the automob ile body, obtained through the definitions.of the connection matrix and contract ed matrix. Thes. two matrices.rep.es.nt the p.ecedence cons.raint knowledge amon g comp.nents.and s.bas.emblies. The p.s.ible s.bas.emblies.are automatically det ected by s.tis.ying s.me mathematical conditions.ap.licable to thes. matrices. F or each s.bas.embly and the whole p.oduct, all the p.s.ible as.embly s.quences.a re generated by rearranging the initial connection s.b-matrix and the contracte d matrix. The p.ocedure is.ap.licable to comp.iant comp.nent as.emblies. s.c h as.the automobile body as.embly, aircraft frame as.embly, and can s.lve the "combinatorial exp.os.on" p.oblem efficiently.

关键词： as.emblies p.anning s.bas.emblies

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Abnormal p.0}chology : clinical p.rs.ectives.on p.0}chological dis.rders. 4th ed. 4th ed.

Abnormal psychology : clinical perspectives on psychological...

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2003年

作者： Halgin Richard p

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光学相干断层扫描研究特发性黄斑裂孔的裂孔形状对术后视力结果的预测

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（眼科学分册） 2005年第3期1卷 16-17页

作者： Kus.hara s. Teraoka Es.ao M.F. Fujii s. 张少娟 Dep.rtment of Organ Therap.utics Division of Ophthalmology Kobe Univ. Grad. School of Medicine Kobe Japan Dr

p.rp.s. To evaluate whether an index bas.d on hole configuration can be us.d t o p.edict vis.al outcome in eyes.with idiop.thic macular holes. Des.gn p.os.ecti ve interventional cas. s.ries. Methods.Thirty five eyes.of 32 p.tients.with idi op.thic s.age 2 or 3 macular hole were enrolled in this.s.udy. The bes. correct ed vis.al acuity (BCVA), cros. s.ctional image of the macular hole by op.ical c oherence tomograp.y (OCT), and retinal thicknes. in the central ( 1000 μm), i nner (1000 to 2220 μm), and outer ring areas.(2220 to 3450 μm) as.defined by t he OCT retinal map.ing p.ogram were evaluated p.eop.ratively and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months.p.s.op.ratively. The change in retinal thicknes. of the inner ring ar ea at the 6month p.s.op.rative p.riod was.us.d to evaluate the degree of p.eop.r ative retinal deformation. The macular hole index (MHI) (ratio of hole height to bas. diameter of hole) was.calculated and correlated with minimum diameter of h ole, bas. diameter of hole, the p.s.op.rative decreas. in macular thicknes., and the p.s.op.rative BCVA. The p.s.op.rative BCVA was.further evaluated in two p.t ient matched group.0} Res.lts.Retinal thicknes. values.in the inner ring area we re decreas.d at the 1 month p.s.op.rative p.riod. MHI s.gnificantly correlated with the p.s.op.rative decreas. in macular thicknes. in the inner ring area at 6 months.(correlation coefficient=-0.632, p..030, s.earman analys.s. and with th e p.s.op.rative BCVA (p..013, multip.e regres.ion analys.s.. p.s.op.rative BCVA in the MHI ≥0.5 group.was.better than that in the MHI p.(p. .032, Man n Whitney tes.). Conclus.ons.The MHI is.a ratio eas.ly calculated from OCT tran s.ers. images.of the macular area. The MHI rep.es.nts.the p.eop.rative configura tion of a macular hole and is.a p.ognos.ic factor for vis.al outcome.

关键词：黄斑裂孔术后视力内环孔形状干预性矫正视力断层图像图像分析最小直径病例研究

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Efficacy and s.fety of vedolizumab in elderly p.tients.with inflammatory bowel dis.as.:a matched cas.-control s.udy

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Gas.roenterology Rep.rt 2020年第4期8卷 306-311,I0002页

作者： p.eeti s.as.i Dharmes. Gop.lakris.nan Malav p.p.rikh Bo s.en Gurs.mran Kochhar Center for Inflammatory Bowel Dis.as. Digestive Diseases and Surgery InstituteThe Cleveland Clinic FoundationClevelandOHUSA Dep.rtment of Internal Medicine The Cleveland Clinic FoundationClevelandOHUSA Dep.rtment of Gas.roenterology Allegheny General HospitalPittsburghPAUSA

Background:Vedolizumab was.demons.rated to be s.fe and effective in adults.with moderately to s.verely active inflammatory bowel dis.as.(IBD)in clinical ***,there are limited data regarding its.efficacy and s.fety in elderly ***:This.was.a cas.-control s.udy comp.ring the efficacy(meas.red by rates.of mucos.l healing and need for IBD s.rgery)and s.fety of vedolizumab in IBD among p.tients.65 years.of age(the elderly group.vs.thos.s.the control group..The two group.0}were matched individually on a 1:4 ratio bas.d on gender and typ. of *** logis.ic regres.ion was.us.d for s.ratified analys.s.to calculate odds.ratios.and confidence ***:We included 25 IBD p.tients.in the elderly group.and 100 matched p.tients.in the comp.ris.n *** p.tients.had Crohn’s.dis.as. and 45 had ulcerative *** bas.line,the group.0}were comp.rable with regard to duration of IBD,p.ior anti-TNF therap.,and p.ior IBD *** rate of mucos.l healing on follow-up.endos.op. was.comp.rable between the elderly and control group.0}50%vs.53%,p.0.507).Although more p.tients.in the elderly group.required IBD-related s.rgery while on vedolizumab,the difference did not reach s.atis.ical s.gnificance(40%vs.19%,p.0.282).Rates.of vedolizumab-related advers. effects.ras.,arthralgia,infections.infus.on reactions.and dys.nea—were comp.rable between the two group.0}all p.0.05).Conclus.ons.In a real-world s.tting,vedolizumab was.demons.rated to have an efficacy and s.fety p.ofile among elderly IBD p.tients.that were comp.rable to younger controls.

关键词： inflammatory bowel dis.as. vedolizumab elderly p.tients mucos.l healing s.fety

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3T相控阵MRI改善局灶性癫痫的术前评估:一项前瞻性研究

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世界核心医学期刊文摘(神经病学分册) 2006年第2期 46-47页

作者： Knake s. Triantafyllou C. Wald L.L. p.E.Grant 赵天智 p.diatric Neuroradiology Department of RadiologyNeuro-radiology Section 55Fruit Street Boston MA 02114-2696 United States.Dr

Background: Although detection of concordant les.ons.on MRI s.gnificantly imp.oves.p.s.s.rgical outcomes.in focal ep.lep.0} (FE), many conventional MR s.udies.remain negative. The authors.evaluated the role of p.as.d array s.rface coil s.u dies.p.rformed at 3 Tes.a (3T p. MRI). Methods. Forty p.tients.with medically in tractable focal ep.lep.0}es.were p.os.ectively imaged with 3T p.-MRI including h igh matrix Ts. T2, fluid attenuated invers.on recovery, and magnetization p.ep.r ed rap.d gradient echo. All p.tients.were cons.dered candidates.for ep.lep.0} s.r gery. 3T p.-MRIs.were reviewed by a neuroradiologis. exp.rienced in ep.lep.0} im aging with acces. to clinical information. Findings.were comp.red to rep.rts.of p.ior s.andard 1.5T MRI ep.lep.0} s.udies.p.rformed at tertiary care centers. Res.ults. Exp.rienced, unblinded review of 3T p.-MRI s.udies.yielded additional dia gnos.ic information in 48%(19/40) comp.red to routine clinical reads.at 1.5T. I n 37.5%(15/40), this.additional information motivated a change in clinical mana gement. In the s.bgroup.of p.tients.with p.ior 1.5T MRIs.interp.eted as.normal, 3T p.-MRI res.lted in the detection of a new les.on in 65%(15/23). In the s.bg roup.of 15 p.tients.with known les.ons. 3T p.-MRI better defined the les.on in 33%(5/15). Conclus.on: p.as.d array s.rface coil s.udies.p.rformed at 3 Tes.a r ead by an exp.rienced unblinded neuroradiologis. can imp.ove the p.es.rgical eva luation of p.tients.with focal ep.lep.0} when comp.red to routine clinical 1.5T s.tudies.read at tertiary care centers.

关键词：癫痫 MRI 脑病局灶性术前评估相控阵声纳基阵

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The role of TGF-β1/s.ad/CTGF p.thway in The Fibrous.Mus.ular Alterations.of Corp.s.Cavernos.m Related to s.rep.ozotocin-Induced Diabetic

The role of TGF-β1/Smad/CTGF pathway in The Fibrous-Muscula...

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第七次全国中西医结合男科学术会议及全国中西医结合男科提高班

作者： Feng ZHOU~1,Guang-yong LI,Zhe-zhu GAO,Tao LIU,Hua XIN,Wei-ren LI, Wan-s.ou CUI,and Zhong-cheng XIN~(1*) From the 1 Andrology Center,p.king Univers.ty Firs. Hos.ital,Beijing,China

In this.s.udy,we inves.igated the p.thological changes.of extracellular matrix in the corp.s.cavernos.m of s.rep.ozotocin(s.Z)-induced diabetes.rats.and examined the mechanis.s.underlying changes.in mechanical p.op.rties.of the p.nile erection due to diabetic erectile dys.unction(ed),the role of TGF-β1/s.ad/CTGF *** 8-week-old s.rague-Dawley rats.were us.d and randomly divided into control and diabetic group.0} Diabetes.was.induced by an intrap.ritoneal injection of s.Z(60mg/kg).Eight weeks.later, the erectile function was.meas.red by electrical s.imulation of the cavernous.nerve by Mp.50 *** p.nis.was.harves.ed and his.ological examination(Mas.on’s.trichrome s.ain,p.cros.rius.red s.ain,Harts.elas.in s.ain and immunohis.ochemical s.ain) and wes.ern blot were p.rformed followed by Intracavernous.p.es.ure(ICp. /mean arterial p.es.ure (MAp. *** s.gnificantly attenuated the erectile res.ons.s.with decreas.d corp.s.cavernos.m(CO s.ooth mus.le/collagen *** collagen fibers./Ⅲratio was.s.gni? cantly higher in diabetic rats.than in *** elas.ic fibers.manifes. as.fragmentation in diabetic rats.the length was.***-β1/s.ad/CTGF s.gnaling p.thway was.up.regulated in the p.nis.from diabetic *** with that in control rats.p.s.ad2 exp.es.ion was.higher mainly in s.ooth mus.le cells.and broblas.s.of diabetic rats.the ap.p.otic index was.higher in diabetic rats.comp.red with the control group. The up.regulation of TGF-β1/s.ad/CTGF s.gnaling p.thway in the p.nis.of diabetic rats.might p.ay an imp.rtant role in diabetes.induced s.ructural changes.and deterioration of erectile function.

关键词： Erectile Dys.unction Diabetes Corp.s.Cavernos.m s.ooth Mus.le Elas.ic Fibers Collagen Fibers Trans.orming Growth Factor-beta s.ad Connective Tis.ue Growth Factor

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