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Paediatric and adult colonic manometry: A tool to help unravel the pathophysiology of constipation

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第41期16卷 5162-5172页

作者： Philip G Dinning Marc A Benninga Bridget R southwell s mark scott Department of Gastroenterology St George Hospital University of New South Wales Kogarah Sydney 2217 Australia Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition Emma Children's Hospital/AMC Amsterdam 1105 AZ The Netherlands Murdoch Childrens Research Institute Royal Children's Hospital Parkville Melbourne 3052 Australia Department of Paediatrics University of Melbourne Melbourne 3052 Australia Queen Mary University London Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry London E11BB United Kingdom

Colonic motility subserves large bowel functions, including absorption, storage, propulsion and defaecation. Co-lonic motor dysfunction remains the leading hypothesis to explain symptom generation in chronic constipation, a heterogeneous condition which is extremely prevalent in the general population, and has huge socioeconomic impact and individual suffering. Physiological testing plays a crucial role in patient management, as it is now accepted that symptom-based assessment, although im-portant, is unsatisfactory as the sole means of directing therapy. Colonic manometry provides a direct method for studying motor activities of the large bowel, and this review provides a contemporary understanding of how this technique has enhanced our knowledge of normalcolonic motor physiology, as well as helping to elucidate pathophysiological mechanisms underlying constipation. Methodological approaches, including available catheter types, placement technique and recording protocols, are covered, along with a detailed description of re-corded colonic motor activities. This review also criti-cally examines the role of colonic manometry in current clinical practice, and how manometric assessment may aid diagnosis, classification and guide therapeutic inter-vention in the constipated individual. Most importantly, this review considers both adult and paediatric patients. Limitations of the procedure and a look to the future are also addressed.

关键词： Colon Constipation Manometry Paediatric Adult

Emerging role of A-kinase anchoring protein 5 signaling in reward circuit function

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第10期20卷 2913-2914页

作者： William J.Flerlage mark L.Dell’Acqua Brian M.Cox Fereshteh s.Nugent Uniformed services University of the Health sciences Department of Pharmacology and Molecular TherapeuticsBethesdaMDUSA Department of Pharmacology University of Colorado School of MedicineAnschutz Medical CampusAuroraCOUSA

There is a strong evidence supporting the hypothesis of synaptic dysfunction as a major contributor to neural circuit and network disruption underlying emotional and mood dysregulation in psychiatric disorders(simmons et al.,2024).Diverse sets of distinct molecular signaling pathways converge on the synapse to regulate synaptogenesis,synaptic function,and synaptic plasticity in brain regions and circuits through complex interactions organized by numerous multivalent protein scaffolds,including the family of proteins known as A-kinase anchoring proteins(AKAPs).

关键词： function supporting

The whole day matters: Understanding 24-hour movement guideline adherence and relationships with health indicators across the lifespan

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Journal of sport and Health science 2020年第6期9卷 493-510页

作者： scott Rollo Olga Antsygina mark s.Tremblay Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research InstituteOttawaONK1H 8L1Canada Department of Pediatrics Faculty of MedicineUniversity of OttawaOttawaONK1H 8M5Canada Department of Health sciences Carleton UniversityOttawaONK1S 5B6Canada

Background:New research suggests that the composition(mix)of movement behaviors within a 24-h period may have important implications for health across the *** with this integrated movement behavior paradigm,a number of countries across the world have developed and released 24-h movement guidelines for specific age *** purpose of this systematic review was to examine the associations between the 24-h time-use composition of movement behaviors,or adherence to 24-h movement guidelines,and multiple health indicators across the ***:Five online databases(PsycINFO,PubMed,sPORTDiscus,Web of science,and Ovid MEDLINE)were searched for relevant peer-reviewed studies published between January 2015 and January 2020 that met the a priori inclusion criteria,with no study design *** methodological quality of research evidence for each individual study and for each health indicator was assessed by using a modified version of the Downs and Black ***:A total of 51 studies from 20 different countries met the inclusion criteria.A total of 31 studies examined adherence(meeting *** meeting)to 24-h movement guidelines,and 20 studies used compositional analyses to explore the 24-h time-use composition of movement *** indicated that meeting the 24-h movement guidelines were(1)not associated with adiposity among toddlers,(2)favorably associated with health-related quality of life,social-cognitive development,and behavioral and emotional problems among preschoolers,(3)favorably associated with global cognition,health-related quality of life,and healthy dietary patterns in children,and(4)favorably associated with adiposity,fitness,and cardiometabolic,mental,social,and emotional health among children and *** associations were also found between the composition of 24-h movement behaviors and indicators of(1)adiposity and bone and skeletal health among preschoolers,(2)health-related quality of life among child

关键词： Compositional analysis Movement behaviors Physical activity sedentary behavior sleep

sedentary Behavior Research Network members support new Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guideline recommendations

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Journal of sport and Health science 2020年第6期9卷 479-481页

作者： mark s.Tremblay scott Rollo Travis J.saunders Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research InstituteOttawaONK1H 8L1Canada Department of Pediatrics Faculty of MedicineUniversity of OttawaOttawaONK1H 8M5Canada Department of Health sciences Carleton UniversityOttawaONK1S 5B6Canada Department of Applied Human sciences University of Prince Edward IslandCharlottetownPEIC1A 4P3Canada

A new paradigm employing 24-h movement guidelines that combines recommendations for movement behaviors across the whole day(physical activities of all intensities,sedentary behaviors,and sleep)is gaining momentum around the globe,and several jurisdictions are developing and releasing evidence-informed public health guidelines embracing this approach.1,2 The sedentary Behavior Research Network(sBRN),the world’s largest network of researchers and health professionals focusing specifically on the health impact of sedentary behaviors,embraces this new paradigm and has worked to normalize the integration of sedentary behaviors into the movement-behavior paradigm.

关键词： movement den behavior

Immunocamouflage of latex surfaces by grafted methoxypoly(ethylene glycol)(mPEG):Proteomic analysis of plasma protein adsorption

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science China(Life sciences) 2012年第3期55卷 191-201页

作者： LE Yevgeniya LI Li WANG DunCheng scott mark D Canadian Blood services Vancouver V6T 1Z3 Canada Centre for Blood Research University of British Columbia Vancouver V6T 1Z3 Canada Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of British Columbia Vancouver V6T 1Z3 Canada

Grafting of methoxypoly(ethylene glycol)(mPEG) to cells and biomaterials is a promising non-pharmacological immunomodulation ***,due to the labile nature of cells,surface-plasma interactions are poorly understood;hence,a latex bead model was *** of beads resulted in a density and molecular weight dependent decrease in total adsorbed protein with a net reduction from(159.9±6.4) ng cm-2 on bare latex to(18.4±0.8) and(52.3±5.3) ng cm-2 on PEGylated beads(1 mmol L-1 of 2 or 20 kD sCmPEG,respectively).sDs-PAGE and iTRAQ-Ms analysis revealed differential compositions of the adsorbed protein layer on the PEGylated latex with a significant reduction in the compositional abundance of proteins involved in immune system ***,the biological efficacy of immunocamouflaged cells and materials is mediated by both biophysical obfuscation of antigens and reduced surface-macromolecule interactions.

关键词： PEGylation immunocamouflage iTRAQ mass spectrometry polystyrene latex protein adsorption proteomics meth-oxypoly(ethylene glycol) polymer

Influence of towing speed on effectiveness of rolling dynamic compaction

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2020年第1期12卷 126-134页

作者： Brendan T.scott mark B.Jaksa Peter W.Mitchell school of Civil Environmental and Mining EngineeringThe University of AdelaideSouth Australia5005Australia Aurecon AdelaideSouth Australia5000Australia

The influence of towing speed on the effectiveness of the 4-sided impact roller using earth pressure cells(EPCs)is *** field trials were undertaken;the first trial used three EPCs placed at varying depths between 0.5 m and 1.5 m with towing speeds of 9-12 km/*** second used three EPCs placed at a uniform depth of 0.8 m,with towing speeds of 5-15 km/*** findings from the two trials confirmed that towing speed influences the pressure imparted to the ground and hence compactive *** paper proposes that the energy imparted to the ground is best described in terms of work done,which is the sum of the change in both potential and kinetic *** practice of using either kinetic energy or gravitational potential energy should be avoided as neither can accurately quantify rolling dynamic compaction(RDC)when towing speed is varied.

关键词： Rolling dynamic compaction(RDC) Optimum towing speed Ground improvement

Mobility of charge carriers in mineral oil and ester fluids

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High Voltage 2021年第6期6卷 1040-1050页

作者： Qingjiang Xue Igor Timoshkin mark PWilson Martin Given scott J.MacGregor Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering University of StrathclydeGlasgowUK

New,more stringent environmental requirements for electrical insulation liquids have led to the development of novel,more environment‐friendly liquid *** fluids,introduced several decades ago,provide a viable alternative to traditional mineral insu-lating *** order to expand the practical applications of these novel dielectric fluids,their dielectric and electrical parameters should be *** of the critical pa-rameters that affects and governs the development of pre‐breakdown processes in insulating liquids is the mobility of charge *** the present paper,the mobility of charge carriers in commercially available synthetic and natural insulating ester fluids and in a mineral insulating oil were obtained using two methods,the time of flight and the space charge saturation current *** mobility was obtained for a wide range of electrical field *** was found that the mobility of charge carriers is greater in the mineral oil than in both,the natural and synthetic,ester *** was also established that the mobility is higher for higher applied electric *** results of this work will help in characterizing liquid dielectrics and in optimizing high‐voltage systems in which liquid dielectrics,including natural and synthetic ester fluids,are used.

关键词： field. charge liquids

Variable retention in Tasmania, Australia: trends over 16 years of monitoring and adaptive management

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Ecological Processes 2019年第1期8卷 305-317页

作者： Robyn E.scott mark G.Neyland susan C.Baker sustainable Timber Tasmania 99 Bathurst StHobartTasmania 7001Australia school of Natural sciences and ARC Centre for Forest Value University of TasmaniaPrivate Bag 55HobartTasmania 7001Australia

Background:Variable retention harvesting using aggregated retention(ARN)has been applied in some Tasmanian wet eucalypt forests for>15 *** of ARN in Tasmania differs from most other regions,as forest influence(or the proximity of harvested areas to long-term retention)is primarily used to distinguish ARN from clearfelling rather than retention level,and broadcast burning is used as a regeneration treatment,resulting in a preference for edge aggregates instead of isolated retained *** emphasis on site-level retention of biological legacies and forest influence to facilitate re-establishment of mature forest species ensures that ARN coupes achieve the ecological objectives associated with retention ***:spatial and survey data collected from operational ARN coupes illustrates the development of this silvicultural practice over time and allows comparisons with conventional *** 90%of ARN coupes have met the forest influence target of>50%.The number of ARN coupes harvested per year has varied,but mean retention levels(29%)and the mean area harvested per coupe(24 ha)have remained the *** influence in ARN coupes has decreased over time,as have perimeter-to-area ratios,largely due to a decrease in the number of island *** these measures of complexity have decreased,ARN coupes still have much greater forest influence,retention,and perimeter-to-area ratios when compared to conventional clearfell,burn and sow(CBs)*** observed decrease in boundary complexity should facilitate regeneration burning in ARN coupes,although no increase in the proportion of burnt seedbed was *** proportion of burnt seedbed is strongly correlated with eucalypt seedling stocking and density in ARN coupes,and these attributes were all significantly lower in recent ARN coupes compared to *** differences appear to be due to achieving better burns in recent CBs coupes,rather than poorer ones in ARN cou

关键词： Retention forestry silviculture systems Aggregated retention Regeneration burning Regeneration success Forest influence Eucalyptus

Calibration of coupled hydro-mechanical properties of grain-based model for simulating fracture process and associated pore pressure evolution in excavation damage zone around deep tunnels

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2021年第1期13卷 60-83页

作者： Kiarash Farahmand mark s.Diederichs Department of Geological sciences and Geological Engineering Queen’s UniversityKingstonOntarioK7L 3N6Canada Golder Associates VancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada

The objective of this paper is to develop a methodology for calibration of a discrete element grain-based model(GBM)to replicate the hydro-mechanical properties of a brittle rock measured in the laboratory,and to apply the calibrated model to simulating the formation of excavation damage zone(EDZ)around underground ***,a new cohesive crack model is implemented into the universal distinct element code(UDEC)to control the fracturing behaviour of materials under various loading ***,a methodology for calibration of the components of the UDEC-Voronoi model is *** role of connectivity of induced microcracks on increasing the permeability of laboratory-scale samples is *** calibrated samples are used to investigate the influence of pore fluid pressure on weakening the drained strength of the laboratory-scale *** validity of the Terzaghi’s effective stress law for the drained peak strength of low-porosity rock is tested by performing a series of biaxial compression test ***,the evolution of damage and pore pressure around two unsupported circular tunnels in crystalline granitic rock is studied.

关键词： Coupled hydro-mechanical properties Excavation damage zone(EDZ) Grain-based model(GBM)calibration stress-fracturing of rock Cohesive crack model stress-dependent permeability