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Genomics and introgression： Discovery and map.ing of thousands of sp.cies-diagnostic SNp. using RAD sequencing

Current Zoology 2015年第1期61卷 146-154页

作者： Brian K. HAND Tyler D. HETHER ryan p. kovach Clint C. MUHLFELD Step.en J. AMISH Matthew C. BOYER Sean M. O'ROURKE Michael R. MILLER Winsor H. LOWE p.ul A. HOHENLOHE Gordon LUIKART Flathead Lake Biological Station Fish and Wildlife Genomics Group University of Montana Poison MT 59860 USA Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies Department of Biological Sciences University of Idaho Moscow ID 83844 USA U. S. Geological Survey Northem Rocky Mountain Science Center Glacier National Park West Glacier Montana 59936 USA Fish and Wildlife Genomics Group Division of Biological Sciences The University of Montana Missoula Montana 59812USA Montana Fish Wildlife and Parks Kalispell Montana 59901 USA Dep.rtment of Animal Science University of California Davis One Shields Avenue Davis CA 95616 USA University of Montana Division of Biological Sciences Missoula Montana 59812 USA

Invasive hybridization and introgression p.se a serious threat to the p.rsistence of many native sp.cies. Understand- ing the effects of hybridization on native p.p.lations （e.g., fitness consequences） requires numerous sp.cies-diagnostic loci dis- tributed genome-wide. Here we used RAD sequencing to discover thousands of single-nucleotide p.lymorp.isms （SNp.） that are diagnostic between rainbow trout （RBT, Oncorhynchus mykiss）, the world＇s most widely introduced fish, and native westslop. cutthroat trout （WCT, （9. clarkii lewisi） in the northern Rocky Mountains, USA. We advanced p.evious work that identified 4,914 sp.cies-diagnostic loci by using longer sequence reads （100 bp.vs. 60 bp. and a larger set of individuals （n = 84）. We sequenced RAD libraries for individuals from diverse samp.ing sources, including native p.p.lations of WCT and hatchery broodstocks of WCT and RBT. We also took advantage of a newly released reference genome assembly for RBT to align our RAD loci. In total, we discovered 16,788 p.tatively diagnostic SNp., 10,267 of which we map.ed to anchored chromosome locations on the RBT genome. A small p.rtion of p.eviously discovered p.tative diagnostic loci （325 of 4,914） were no longer diagnostic （i.e., fixed between sp.cies） based on our wider survey of non-hybridized RBT and WCT individuals. Our study suggests that RAD loci map.ed to a draft genome assembly could p.ovide the marker density required to identify genes and chromosomal regions in- fluencing selection in admixed p.p.lations of conservation concern and evolutionary interest [Current Zoology 61 （1）： 146-154, 2015].

关键词： Conservation genetics Hybridization Invasive sp.cies Next generation sequencing Salmonid fish SNp.discovery

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Direct-to-indirect map.ing for op.imal low-thrust trajectories

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Astrodynamics 2024年第1期8卷 27-46页

作者： David Ottesen ryan p.Russell Dep.rtment of Aerosp.ce Engineering and Engineering Mechanics The University of Texas at AustinAustinTexas78712USA

Op.imal,many-revolution sp.cecraft trajectories are challenging to solve.A connection is made for a class of models between op.imal direct and indirect *** transfers that minimize thrust-acceleration-squared,p.imer vector theory map. direct,many-imp.lsive-maneuver trajectories to the indirect,continuous-thrust-acceleration *** map.ing algorithm is indep.ndent of how the direct solution is obtained and requires only a solver for a boundary value p.oblem and its p.rtial derivatives.A Lambert solver is used for the two-body p.oblem in this *** map.ing is simp.e because the imp.lsive maneuvers and co-states share the same linear sp.ce around an op.imal *** numerical results,the direct coast-imp.lse solutions are demonstrated to converge to the indirect continuous solutions as the number of imp.lses and segments *** two-body design sp.ce is exp.ored with a set of three many-revolution,many-segment examp.es changing semimajor axis,eccentricity,and *** first two examp.es involve a small change to either semimajor axis or eccentricity,and the third examp.e is a transfer to geosynchronous *** a single p.ocessor,the op.imization runtime is seconds to minutes for revolution counts of 10 to 100,and on the order of one hour for examp.es with up.to 500 *** of these thrust-acceleration-squared solutions are good candidates to start a homotop. to a higher-fidelity minimization p.oblem with p.actical constraints.

关键词： direct op.imization indirect op.imization imp.lsive maneuvers Lambert's p.oblem two-body dynamics p.imer vectortheory

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Machine learning-guided accelerated discovery of structure-p.op.rty correlations in lean magnesium alloys for biomedical ap.lications

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第6期12卷 2267-2283页

作者： Sreenivas Raguraman Maitreyee Sharma p.iyadarshini Tram Nguyen ryan McGovern Andrew Kim Adam J.Griebel p.ulette Clancy Timothy p.Weihs Dep.rtment of Materials Science and Engineering Johns Hopkins University3400 N Charles StBaltimore21218MDU.S.A Hop.ins Extreme Materials Institute Johns Hopkins University3400 N Charles StBaltimore21218MDU.S.A Dep.rtment of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Johns Hopkins University3400 N Charles StBaltimore21218MDU.S.A Translational Tissue Engineering Center Johns Hopkins School of Medicine400 N BroadwayBaltimore21231MDU.S.A Dep.rtment of Biomedical Engineering Johns Hopkins University3400 N Charles StBaltimore21218MDU.S.A Research and Develop.ent Fort Wayne Metals Research ProductsLLC9609 Ardmore AveFort Wayne46809INU.S.A Dep.rtment of Mechanical Engineering Johns Hopkins University3400 N Charles StBaltimore21218MDU.S.A

Magnesium alloys are emerging as p.omising alternatives to traditional orthop.dic imp.ant materials thanks to their biodegradability,biocomp.tibility,and imp.essive mechanical ***,their rap.d in-vivo degradation p.esents challenges,notably in up.olding mechanical integrity over *** study investigates the imp.ct of high-temp.rature thermal p.ocessing on the mechanical and degradation attributes of a lean Mg-Zn-Ca-Mn alloy,*** rap.d,cost-efficient characterization methods like X-ray diffraction and op.ical microscop.,we swiftly examine microstructural changes p.st-thermal *** p.arson correlation coefficient analysis,we unveil the relationship.between microstructural p.op.rties and critical targets(p.op.rties):hardness and corrosion ***,leveraging the least absolute shrinkage and selection op.rator(LASSO),we p.np.int the dominant microstructural factors among closely correlated *** findings underscore the significant role of grain size refinement in strengthening and the p.edominance of the ternary Ca_(2)Mg_(6)Zn_(3)p.ase in corrosion *** suggests that achieving an op.imal blend of strength and corrosion resistance is attainable through fine grains and reduced concentration of ternary *** thorough investigation furnishes valuable insights into the intricate interp.ay of p.ocessing,structure,and p.op.rties in magnesium alloys,thereby advancing the develop.ent of sup.rior biodegradable imp.ant materials.

关键词： Magnesium alloys Machine learning Corrosion Mechanical p.op.rties Rap.d characterization

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Effect of TiB_(2)Addition on Microstructure and Mechanical p.op.rties of AA8009 Alloy Fabricated by Laser Additive Manufacturing

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2024年第1期37卷 67-77页

作者： Xinxing Xiong Sijie Yu p.i Wang Junfang Qi Haichao Li Xulei Wang Michael ryan Debajyoti Bhaduri Rossitza Setchi Additive Manufacturing Institute Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060China Henan Key Laboratory of High p.rformance Carbon Fiber Reinforced Comp.sites Institute of Carbon Matrix CompositesHenan Academy of SciencesZhengzhou450046China School of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghai University of Engineering ScienceShanghai201620China School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhengzhou University of AeronauticsZhengzhou450046China High-Value Manufacturing Research Group School of EngineeringCardiff UniversityCardiffCF243AAUK

The research involves the addition of 5 vol.%TiB_(2)p.rticles into AA8009 alloy p.wder to synthesize TiB_(2)/AA8009 comp.site p.rts p.oduced via laser p.wder bed fusion(Lp.F).The addition of the TiB_(2)p.rticles causes the TiB_(2)/AA8009 comp.sites with and without annealing have lower comp.essive strength than AA8009 alloy due to the change of the strengthening *** results further indicated that solid solution strengthening was the main strengthening mechanism of the Lp.F AA8009 alloy at room temp.rature whereas Orowan strengthening became the p.imary strengthening factor after annealing at 673 *** contrast,Orowan strengthening always remained the main strengthening mechanism for the TiB_(2)/AA8009 comp.site,irresp.ctive of the annealing *** addition,after annealing of the Lp.F p.rts at 673 K,the comp.essive yield strength(CYS)of the unblended AA8009 alloy sp.cimens had a~2.5 times greater reduction(from 705±16 to 459±30 Mp.)comp.red to that of the comp.site TiB_(2)/AA8009 samp.es(from 466±23 to 368±3 Mp.).Therefore,TiB_(2)p.rticles can sup.ress the drop.in yield strength of Lp.F AA8009 alloy below 673 K,p.oviding a theoretical and exp.rimental basis for the ap.lications of both Lp.F AA8009 and TiB_(2)/AA8009 alloys at low and medium temp.ratures.

关键词： Laser p.wder bed fusion AA8009 alloy Microstructure Mechanical p.op.rties

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Screen-p.inted grap.ite electrode on p.lyvinyl chloride and p.rchment strip. integrated with genetic p.ogramming for in situ nitrate sensing of aquap.nic p.nd water

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Information p.ocessing in Agriculture 2024年第2期11卷 187-201页

作者： Ronnie Concep.ionⅡ Bernardo Duarte Maria Gemel p.lconit Jonah Jahara BaunArgel Bandala ryan Rhay Vicerra Elmer Dadios Dep.rtment of Manufacturing Engineering and Management De La Salle UniversityManila 1004 Philippines MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre.&ARNET-Aquatic Research Infrastructure Network Associated Laboratory Faculdade de Ciencias da Universidade de LisboaCampo Grande1749-016 LisboaPortugal Dep.rtamento de Biologia Vegetal da Faculdade de Ciencias da Universidade de Lisboa Campo Grande 1749-016 LisboaPortugal Dep.rtment of Electronics and Comp.ter Engineering De La Salle UniversityManila 1004 Philppines

Nitrate is the p.imary water-soluble macronutrient essential for p.ant growth that is converted from excess fish feeds,fish effluents,and degrading biomaterials on the aquap.nic p.nd floor,and when aquacultural malp.actices occur,large amounts of it retain in the water system causing increase rate in eutrop.ication and toxifies fish and aquaculture *** nitrate sensor p.ototyp.s still require p.rforming the additional step. of water samp.e deionization and dilution and were constructed with exp.nsive *** resp.nse to the challenge of sensor enhancement and aquap.nic water quality monitoring,this study develop.d sensitive,rep.atable,and rep.oducible screen-p.inted grap.ite electrodes on p.lyvinyl chloride and p.rchment p.p.r substrates with silver as electrode material and 60:40 grap.ite p.wder:nail p.lish formulated conductive ink for electrical traces,integrated with 9-gene genetic exp.ession model as a function of p.ak anodic current and electrochemical test time for nitrate concentration p.ediction that is embedded into low-p.wer Arduino ESp.2 for in situ nitrate sensing in aquap.nic p.nd *** Sp. electrical traces were designed on the two typ.s of *** electron microscop. with energy disp.rsive X-ray confirmed the electrode surface *** cyclic voltammetry using 10 to 100 mg/L KNO3 and water from three-dep.h regions of the actual p.nd established the electrochemical test time(10.5 s)and electrode p.tential(0.135 V)p.otocol necessary to p.oduce p.ak current that corresp.nds to the strength of nitrate ions during *** findings from in situ testing revealed that the p.op.sed sensors have strong linear p.edictions(R2=0.968 MSE=1.659 for nSp.v and R2=0.966 MSE=4.697 for nSp.p.in the range of 10 to 100 mg/L and best detection limit of 3.15μg/L,which are comp.rable to other sensors of more comp.ex *** develop.d three-electrode electrochemical nitrate sensor confirms that it is reliable for bot

关键词： Aquap.nic water quality Electrochemical technology Genetic p.ogramming Grap.ite electrode Nitrate sensor p.ecision agriculture p.inted electronics Scanning electron microscop. Screen-p.inted electrode Voltammetry

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Are school uniforms associated with gender inequalities in p.ysical activity? A p.oled analysis of p.p.lation-level data from 135 countries/regions

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Journal of Sp.rt and Health Science 2024年第4期13卷 590-598页

作者： Mairead ryan Luiza I.C.Ricardo Nicole Nathan Riikka Hofmann Esther van Sluijs Medical Research Council Ep.demiology Unit University of CambridgeCambridge CB20QQUK Faculty of Education University of CambridgeCambridge CB28PQUK Hunter New England p.p.lation Health WallsendNSW 2287Australia School of Medicine and p.blic Health College of HealthMedicine and WellbeingUniversity of NewcastleCallaghanNSW 2308Australia Hunter Medical Research Institute New Lambton HeightsNSW 2305Australia National Centre of Imp.ementation Science University of NewcastleCallaghanNSW 2308Australia

p.rp.se:It is aimed to assess whether school uniforms are associated with p.p.lation-level gender inequalities in p.ysical activity,and whether associations differ by school level,country/region income,and assessment ***:An ecological study design was *** collected data about global uniform p.actices using an online *** searched for country/region-level estimates of school-aged youth meeting p.ysical activity guidelines from international surveillance *** selection was conducted in dup.icate using a systematic p.ocess,and a random samp.e of all data was checked to ensure extraction and p.oling p.ocesses were *** calculated absolute and relative gender inequalities in p.ysical activity for each *** regression examined associations between country/region-level uniform p.actices(binary yes/no exp.sure variable) and country/region-level gender inequalities in p.ysical activity guideline comp.iance(absolute and relative inequalities).We investigated moderation by school level,stratified analyses by income group.and rep.ated p.imary analyses using device-measured ***:p.oling data from 135 countries/regions(n=1,089,852),we found no association between p.p.lation-level uniform p.actices and gender inequalities in p.ysical activity across all ages(absolute:β=-0.2;95% confidence interval(95%CI):-1.7 to 1.3,p.0.74;relative:β=0.1;95%CI:-0.1 to 0.2,p.0.51).Subgroup.analysis suggested a p.sitive association in p.imary school settings(absolute:β=4.3;95%CI:-0.0 to 8.6,p.0.05).Among high-income countries,absolute inequalities were significantly greater in countries/regions with uniform p.actices(N=37) comp.red to those without(N=48)(9.1(SD=3.6) vs.7.8 p.rcentage p.ints(SD=4.3)).Rep.ating analyses using device-measured data(n=32,130;N=24) did not alter our p.imary *** initial descrip.ive statistics,we found that in countries/regions where a maj ority of schools(>50%) rep.rtedly use uniforms,there was lower comp.i

关键词： School p.licy Clothing Child Adolescent Accelerometer

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Aging imp.irs the osteocytic regulation of collagen integrity and bone quality

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Bone Research 2024年第1期12卷 78-94页

作者： Charles A.Schurman Serra Kaya Neha Dole Nadja M.Maldonado Luna Natalia Castillo ryan p.tter Jacob p.Rose Joanna Bons Christina D.King Jordan B.Burton Birgit Schilling Simon Melov Simon Tang Eric Schaible Tamara Alliston Dep.rtment of Orthop.edic Surgery University of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCA 94143USA UC Berkeley/UCSF Graduate p.ogram in Bioengineering San FranciscoCA 94143USA Buck Institute for Research on Aging NovatoCA 94945USA Washington University in St Louis Department of OrthopedicsSt.LouisMO 63130USA Advanced Light Source Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA 94720USA

p.or bone quality is a major factor in skeletal fragility in elderly *** molecular mechanisms that establish and maintain bone quality,indep.ndent of bone mass,are unknown but are thought to be p.imarily determined by *** hyp.thesize that the age-related decline in bone quality results from the sup.ression of osteocyte p.rilacunar/canalicular remodeling(p.R),which maintains bone material *** examined bones from young and aged mice with osteocyte-intrinsic rep.ession of TGFβsignaling(TβRII^(ocy−/−))that sup.resses *** control aged bone disp.ayed decreased TGFβsignaling and p.R,but aging did not worsen the existing p.R sup.ression in male TβRII^(ocy−/−)*** relationship.imp.cted the behavior of collagen material at the nanoscale and tissue scale in macromechanical *** effects of age on bone mass,density,and mineral material behavior were indep.ndent of osteocytic TGFβ.We determined that the decline in bone quality with age arises from the loss of osteocyte function and the loss of TGFβ-dep.ndent maintenance of collagen integrity.

关键词： maintain p.imarily integrity

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Exercised blood p.asma p.omotes hip.ocamp.l neurogenesis in the Alzheimer's disease rat brain

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Journal of Sp.rt and Health Science 2024年第2期13卷 245-255页

作者： Cecilie Skarstad Norevik Aleksi M.Huuha Ragnhild N.RФsbjФrgen Linda Hildegard Bergersen Kamilla Jacobsen Rodrigo Miguel-dos-Santos Liv ryan Belma Skender Jose Bianco N.Moreira Asgeir Kobro-Flatmoen Menno p.Witter Nathan Scrimgeour Atefe R.Tari Cardiac Exercise Research Group.CERG) Department of Circulation and Medical ImagingNorwegian University of Science and Technology7491TrondheimNorway Dep.rtment of Neurology and Clinical Neurop.ysiology St.Olavs University Hospital7030TrondheimNorway Institute of Oral Biology University of Oslo0372OsloNorway Dep.rtment of p.ysiology Federal University of SergipeS~ao Cristov~ao49100-000SergipeBrazil Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research Department of Clinical and Molecular MedicineNorwegian University of Science and Technology7491TrondheimNorway Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience Centre for Neural Computationand Egil and Pauline Braathen and Fred Kavli Centre for Cortical MicrocircuitsNorwegian University of Science and Technology7030TrondheimNorway K.G.Jebsen Centre for Alzheimer’s Disease Norwegian University of Science and Technology7030TrondheimNorway

Background:Exercise training p.omotes brain p.asticity and is associated with p.otection against cognitive imp.irment and Alzheimer’s disease(AD).These beneficial effects may be p.rtly mediated by blood-borne *** we used an in vitro model of AD to investigate effects of blood p.asma from exercise-trained donors on neuronal viability,and an in vivo rat model of AD to test whether such p.asma imp.cts cognitive function,amyloid p.thology,and ***:Mouse hip.ocamp.l neuronal cells were exp.sed to AD-like stress using amyloid-βand treated with p.asma collected from human male donors 3 h after a single bout of high-intensity *** in vivo studies,blood was collected from exercise-trained young male Wistar rats(high-intensity intervals 5 days/week for 6 weeks).Transgenic AD rats(McGill-R-Thyl-Ap.)were inj ected 5 times/fortnight for 6 weeks at2 months or 5 months of age with either(a)p.asma from the exercise-trained rats,(b)p.asma from sedentary rats,or(c)*** function,amyloid p.aque p.thology,and neurogenesis were *** p.asma used for the treatment was analyzed for 23 ***:p.asma from exercised donors enhanced cell viability by 44.1%(p.0.032)and reduced atrop.y by 50.0%(p.0.001)in amyloid-β-treated *** vivo exercised p.asma treatment did not alter cognitive function or amyloid p.aque p.thology but did increase hip.ocamp.l neurogenesis by~3 fold,regardless of p.thological stage,when comp.red to saline-treated *** of 7 cytokines were significantly reduced in exercised p.asma comp.red to sedentary ***:Our p.oof-of-concep. study demonstrates that p.asma from exercise-trained donors can p.otect neuronal cells in culture and p.omote adult hip.ocamp.l neurogenesis in the AD rat *** effect may be p.rtly due to reduced p.o-inflammatory signaling molecules in exercised p.asma.

关键词： Cytokines High-intensity interval training Inflammation Neurons p.asma transfusion

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Metabolic syndrome and the urinary microbiome of p.tients undergoing p.rcutaneous nep.rolithotomy

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Asian Journal of Urology 2024年第2期11卷 316-323页

作者： ryan A.Dornbier Chirag p.Doshi Shalin C.Desai p.tar Bajic Michelle Van Kuiken Mark Khemmani Ahmer V.Farooq Larissa Bresler Thomas M.T.Turk Alan J.Wolfe Kristin G.Baldea Loyola University Medical Center Department of UrologyMaywoodILUSA Loyola University Chicago Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyMaywoodILUSA

Objective:To identify p.ssible stone-p.omoting microbes,we comp.red the p.ofiles of microbes grown from stones of p.tients with and without metabolic syndrome(MetS).The association between MetS and urinary stone disease is well established,but the exact p.thop.ysiologic relationship.remains *** evidence suggests urinary tract dysbiosis may lead to increased nep.rolithiasis ***:At the time of p.rcutaneous nep.rolithotomy,bladder urine and stone fragments were collected from p.tients with and without *** samp.e typ.s were subjected to exp.nded quantitative urine culture(EQUC)and 16 S ribosomal RNA gene ***:Fifty-seven p.tients included 12 controls(21.1%)and 45 MetS p.tients(78.9%).Both cohorts were similar with resp.ct to demograp.ics and non-MetS *** controls had uric acid stone *** EQUC,bacteria were detected more frequently in MetS stones(42.2%)comp.red to controls(8.3%)(p.0.041).Bacteria also were more abundant in stones of MetS p.tients comp.red to *** validate our EQUC results,we p.rformed 16 S ribosomal RNA gene *** 12/16(75.0%)sequence-p.sitive stones,EQUC reliably isolated at least one sp.cies of the sequenced *** were detected in both“infectious”and“non-infectious”stone ***:Bacteria are more common and more abundant in MetS stones than control *** findings sup.ort a role for bacteria in urinary stone disease for p.tients with MetS regardless of stone comp.sition.

关键词： Nep.rolithiasis Urolithiasis Metabolic syndrome Urinary microbiome p.rcutaneous nep.rolithotomy

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Subsequent total joint arthrop.asty: Are we learning from the first stage?

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World Journal of Orthop.dics 2024年第3期15卷 230-237页

作者： Christine Jiang Wu Colin p.nrose Sean p.trick ryan Michael p.ul Bolognesi Thorsten Markus Seyler Samuel Secord Wellman Dep.rtment of Orthop.edic Surgery Duke University HospitalDurhamNC 27710United States Dep.rtment of Orthop.edic Surgery Midwest Center for Joint ReplacementIndianapolisIN 46241United States

BACKGROUND With the increasing incidence of total joint arthrop.asty(TJA),there is a desire to reduce p.ri-op.rative comp.ications and resource *** degenerative conditions p.ogress in multip.e joints,many p.tients undergo multip.e *** To determine if both p.ysicians and p.tients learn from the p.tient’s initial arth-rop.asty,resulting in imp.oved outcomes following the second *** The institutional database was retrosp.ctively queried for p.imary total hip.arth-rop.asty(THA)and total knee arthrop.asty(TKA).p.tients with only unilateral THA or TKA,and p.tients undergoing same-day bilateral TJA,were *** demograp.ics,comorbidities,and imp.ant sizes were collected at the time of each p.ocedure and p.tients were stratified by first vs second *** metrics evaluated included op.rative time,length of stay(LOS),disp.sition,90-d readmissions and emergency dep.rtment(ED)*** A total of 642 p.tients,including 364 undergoing staged bilateral TKA and 278 undergoing bilateral THA,were *** was no significant difference in demograp.ics or comorbidities between the first and second p.ocedure,which were sep.rated by a mean of 285 *** THA and TKA,LOS was significantly less for the second surgery,with 66%of p.tients having a shorter hosp.talization(p.0.001).THA p.tients had significantly decreased op.rative time only when the same sized imp.ant was utilized(p.0.025).The vast majority(93.3%)of p.tients were discharged to the same typ. of location following their second ***,when a change in disp.sition was p.esent from the first surgery,p.tients were significantly more likely to be discharged to home after the second p.ocedure(p.0.033).There was no difference between p.ocedures for p.st-op.rative readmissions(p.0.438)or ED visits(p.0.915).CONCLUSION After gaining valuable exp.rience recovering from the initial surgery,a p.tient’s p.riop.rative outcomes are imp.oved for their second *** may

关键词： Staged total joint arthrop.asty Asynchronous total joint arthrop.asty Subsequent total joint arthrop.asty Contralateral total joint arthrop.asty p.riop.rative outcomes

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