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The role of gut microbiota in the gut-brain axis:current challenges and perspectives

Protein & Cell 2013年第6期4卷 403-414页

作者： Xiao Chen roshan d’souza Seong-Tshool Hong BdRd Research Institute JINIS Biopharmaceuticals Inc948-9 DunsanBongdongWanjuChonbuk 565-902South Korea department of Microbiology and Genetics and Institute for Medical Science Chonbuk National University Medical SchoolJeonju 561-712South Korea

Brain and the gastrointestinal(GI)tract are intimately con-nected to form a bidirectional neurohumoral communica-tion *** communication between gut and brain,knows as the gut-brain axis,is so well established that the functional status of gut is always related to the condi-tion of *** researches on the gut-brain axis were traditionally focused on the psychological status affecting the function of the GI ***,recent evidences showed that gut microbiota communicates with the brain via the gut-brain axis to modulate brain development and behavioral *** recent fi ndings on the new role of gut microbiota in the gut-brain axis implicate that gut microbiota could associate with brain functions as well as neurological diseases via the gut-brain *** elucidate the role of gut microbiota in the gut-brain axis,precise identification of the composition of microbes constituting gut microbiota is an essential ***,identifi cation of microbes constituting gut microbiota has been the main technological challenge currently due to massive amount of intestinal microbes and the diffi culties in culture of gut *** methods for identifi ca-tion of microbes constituting gut microbiota are depend-ent on omics analysis methods by using advanced high tech ***,we review the association of gut microbiota with the gut-brain axis,including the pros and cons of the current high throughput methods for identi-fi cation of microbes constituting gut microbiota to eluci-date the role of gut microbiota in the gut-brain axis.

关键词： gut microbiota the gut-brain axis central nervous system high throughput methods next-generation sequencings

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Association of bilirubin and protein thiols in relation to copper and ceruloplasmin in hyperbilirubinemic patients

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海南医学院学报 2009年第1期15卷 40-44页

作者： Mungli Prakash Jeevan K Shetty roshan d' souza Suhasa Upadhya Vijay Kumar departmentt of Biochemistry Kasturba Medical College

Objective:Bilirubin is a double edged sword in biological system,acting as a toxic molecule and *** bilirubin is proved to show antioxidant activity in vitro and in *** the current work we tried to know the relationship between both conjugated and unconjugated bilirubin with copper and protein thiols in patients with ***:Study was conducted on 56 hyperbilirubinemic cases and 56 healthy *** copper,ceruloplasmin,protein thiols,total bilirubin,conjugated and unconjugated bilirubin,unconjugated bilirubin/albumin ratio,total protein,albumin,AST,ALT and ALP were ***:There was significant increase in serum copper,total bilirubin,conjugated and unconjugated bilirubin,unconjugated bilirubin/albumin ratio,AST,ALT,and ALP,and decrease in serum ceruloplasmin,protein thiols,total protein,and albumin in hyperbilirubinemic cases when compared to healthy *** bilirubin correlated positively with liver enzymes AST and ALP,and negatively with protein thiols,total protein and *** bilirubin correlated positively with *** thiols correlated negatively with copper and positively with ceruloplasmin,and also correlated negatively with liver enzymes like AST,ALT and ALP,and positively with total protein and ***:Combination of elevated levels of trace elements like copper and availability of reducing agent like bilirubin may prove deleterious by generating free radicals.

关键词：蛋白质硫藤黄菌素血浆铜蓝蛋白抗氧添加剂

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Position dependent Spontaneous Emission Spectra of a Λ-Type Atomic System Embedded in a defective Photonic Crystal

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2012年第1期57卷 115-122页

作者： S.roshan Entezar Faculty of Physics University of TabrizTabrizIran

We investigate the position dependent spontaneous emission spectra of a A-type three-level atom with one transition coupled to the free vacuum reservoir and the other one coupled to a double-band photonic band gap reservoir with a defect mode in the band gap. It is shown that, for the atom at the defect location, we have a two-peak spectrum with a wide dark line due to the strong coupling between the atom and the defect mode. While, when the atom is far from the defect location （or in the absence of the defect mode）, the spectrum has three peaks with two dark lines due to the coupling between the atom and the photonic band gap reservoir with the largest density of states near the band edges. On the other hand, we have a four-peak spectrum for the atom at the space in between. Moreover, the average spontaneous emission spectra of the atoms uniformly embedded in high dielectric or low dielectric regions are described. It is shown that the atoms embedded in high （low） dielectric regions far from the defect location, effectively couple to the modes of the lower （upper） photonic band. However, the atoms embedded in high dielectric or low dielectric regions at the defect location, are coupled mainly to the defect modes. While, the atoms uniformly embedded in high （low） dielectric regions with a normal distance from the defect location, are coupled to both of defect and lower （upper） photonic band modes.

关键词： spontaneous emission defective photonic crystal dark line three-level atom

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Biodiversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in mangroves of Goa in West India

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Journal of Forestry Research 2013年第3期24卷 515-523页

作者： James d'souza Bernard Felinov Rodrigues department of Botany Goa UniversityGoa 403 206 India

Seventeen mangrove species of eight families at seven river- ine and fringe habitats in Goa West India were surveyed for Arbuscular Mycorrhizal （AM） fungal diversity. Sixteen species were found to be mycorrhizal and one species showed no AM fungal colonization. AM root colonization was recorded at all seven sites and ranged from 6%-77%. Maximum root colonization was recorded in Excoecaria agal- locha （77%） and minimum colonization in Avicennia marina （6%）. Paris-type colonization was predominant at all sites. Auxiliary cells were recorded in roots of Acanthus ilicifolius, Ceriops tagal and Sonneretia alba. AM fungal root colonization and spore density varied by plant species and site. Site average spore density ranged from 1.84 spores.g^-1 to 0.54 spores.g-1 of soil. In total, 28 AM fungal species of five genera, viz. Glomus, Acaulospora, Scutellospora, Gigaspora and Entrophospora, were recovered. Glomus was the dominant genus, three species of which were sporocarpic forms. Maximum site species richness （SR） ranged from 16 to 5. Species richness was maximum in A. ilicifolius where seven species of three genera were recovered. Based on relative abun- dance （RA） and isolation frequency （IF）, two common species, viz. G. intraradices and A. laevis, were recovered from all seven sites.

关键词： Glomus intraradices root colonization Paris type sporedensity rhizosphcre

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Regenerative engineering and bionic limbs

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Rare Metals 2015年第3期34卷 143-155页

作者： roshan James Cato T.Laurencin Institute for Regenerative Engineering University of Connecticut Health Center Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biological Physical and Engineering SciencesUniversity of Connecticut Health Center department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of Connecticut Health Center Connecticut Institute for Clinical and Translational Science department of Chemical Materials and Biomolecular EngineeringUniversity of Connecticut

Amputations of the upper extremity are severely debilitating, current treatments support very basic limb movement, and patients undergo extensive physiotherapy and psychological counseling. There is no prosthesis that allows the amputees near normal function. With increasing number of amputees due to injuries sustained in accidents, natural calamities, and international conflicts, there is a growing requirement for novel strategies and new discov- eries. Advances have been made in technological, material, and in prosthesis integration where researchers are now exploring artificial prosthesis that integrate with the residual tissues and function based on signal impulses received from the residual nerves. Efforts are focused on challenging experts in different disciplines to integrate ideas and tech- nologies to allow for the regeneration of injured tissues,recording on tissue signals and feedback to facilitate responsive movements and gradations of muscle force. A fully functional replacement and regenerative or integrated prosthesis will rely on interface of biological process with robotic systems to allow individual control of movement such as at the elbow, forearm, digits, and thumb in the upper extremity. Regenerative engineering focused on the regen- eration of complex tissue and organ systems will be realized by the cross-fertilization of advances over the past 30 years in the fields of tissue engineering, nanotechnology, stem cell science, and developmental biology. The convergence of toolboxes crated within each discipline will allow interdis- ciplinary teams from engineering, science, and medicine to realize new strategies, mergers of disparate technologies, such as biophysics, smart bionics, and the healing power of the mind. Tackling the clinical challenges, interfacing the biological process with bionic technologies, engineering biological control of the electronic systems, and feedback will be the important goals in regenerative engineering over the next

关键词： Bionic Electrical stimulation Regenerativeengineering Muscle Nerve Prosthetic

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Practical issues concerning tear protein assays in dry eye

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Eye and Vision 2014年第1期1卷 34-45页

作者： Sharon d’souza Louis Tong Narayana Nethralaya Superspeciality Eye Hospital and Post Graduate Institute BangaloreKarnatakaIndia. Singapore Eye Research Institute 11Third Hospital AvenueSingapore 168751Singapore. Singapore National Eye Center SingaporeSingapore. duke-NUS Graduate Medical School SingaporeSingapore. Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore.

dry eye is a common clinical condition diagnosed by cumulative evidence of symptoms and *** new treatments in dry eye are either expensive,invasive,have potential for side effects,or are not easily *** severe dry eye,the ideal modality of treatment to begin with is often not clear as specific molecular disturbances are not evident from just examination of clinical *** the effects of ongoing treatment is not straight forward since there is lack of agreement between clinical signs and *** is a need to have more objective methods of selecting treatment for dry eye and monitoring the effect of ***,there are many new technologies applied to the discovery of tear biomarkers,for e.g.,mass spectrometry based proteomics techniques and multiplex assays such as the bead-based sandwich indirect immunofluorescent *** proteins assays have even been made available as point-of-care *** review focuses on the evidence for the involvements of tear proteins in dry eye,possible changes in tear concentrations with therapy and the strength of evidence regarding dry eye *** remains to be done in terms of developing office-based assays and ascertaining their reliability,but current evidence suggests that tear proteins have a role in the clinical practice of dry eye.

关键词： Human dry eye Review Tear Proteomics Biomarker

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Biochemical dissection of STAT3 signaling in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第11期20卷 3229-3230页

作者： Savina Apolloni Nadia d’Ambrosi department of Biology University of Rome Tor VergataRomeItaly

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS)is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by the loss of upper and lower motor neurons,clinically marked by muscle atrophy and *** the clinical course is highly variable,the average time from the onset of symptoms to the need for respiratory support or death is 3-5 *** is the most prevalent motor neuron disease in adults,occurring at a rate of 2 per 100,000 individuals and affecting 5.4 per 100,000 individuals overall.

关键词： STAT3 dissection sclerosis

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Performance evaluation of nanofluid-based minimum quantity lubrication grinding of Ni-Cr alloy under the influence of CuO nanoparticles

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Advances in Manufacturing 2021年第4期9卷 580-591页

作者： roshan Lal Virdi Sukhpal Singh Chatha Hazoor Singh department of Mechanical Engineering Punjabi UniversityPatialaIndia Yadavindra College of Engineering Guru Kashi Punjabi University CampusTalwandi SaboIndia

In machining processes,researchers are actively engaged in exploring minimum quantity lubrication(MQL)as a possible alternative to traditional flood cooling owing to economic and ecological *** search for ecologically safe lubricants has attracted the attention of scientists looking to use vegetable oil as a *** nanofluid MQL technique with biodegradable oils as the base is a relatively new method with the potential to replace mineral *** the present study,the grinding of Inconel-718 alloy was investigated using nanofluid MQL(NFMQL)with biodegradable oils as the *** are composed by dispersing 0.5%(mass fraction)and 1%(mass fraction)of CuO nanoparticles in vegetable *** surface morphology,G-ratio,forces,and grinding energy were examined under pure MQL,NFMQL,and dry and flood lubrication *** experimental results indicated that the nanofluid MQL significantly improved the machining *** to the polishing and rolling effect of nanoparticles on the tool work interface,a surface finish under a 0.5%(mass fraction)nanofluid was found to be better than pure MQL-dry and flood lubrication *** NFMQL technique with 1%(mass fraction)CuO nanoparticles with palm oil as the base helped in achieving a better evacuation of chips from the grinding zone,leading to a better surface finish with a high material removal rate along with less energy consumption compared to flood and dry grinding.

关键词： Minimum quantity lubrication(MQL) Nanoparticles Grinding Vegetable oils Inconel-718 alloy

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Analysis of frequency shifting in seismic signals using Gabor-Wigner transform

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2015年第4期14卷 715-724页

作者： roshan Kumar P.Sumathi Ashok Kumar deaprtment of Earthquake Engineering IIT Roorkee deaprtment of Electrical Engineering IIT Roorkee

A hybrid time-frequency method known as Gabor-Wigner transform (GWT) is introduced in this paper for examining the time-frequency patterns of earthquake damaged buildings. GWT is developed by combining the Gabor transform (GT) and Wigner-Ville distribution (WVd). GT and WVd have been used separately on synthetic and recorded earthquake data to identify frequency shifting due to earthquake damages, but GT is prone to windowing effect and WVd involves ambiguity function. Hence to obtain better clarity and to remove the cross terms (frequency interference), GT and WVd are judiciously combined and the resultant GWT used to identify frequency shifting. Synthetic seismic response of an instrumented building and real-time earthquake data recorded on the building were investigated using GWT. It is found that GWT offers good accuracy for even slow variations in frequency, good time-frequency resolution, and localized response. Presented results confirm the efficacy of GWT when compared with GT and WVd used separately. Simulation results were quantified by the Renyi entropy measures and GWT shown to be an adequate technique in identifying localized response for structural damage detection.

关键词： time-frequency distribution seismic signals cross-term interference Gabor transform Wigner- Ville distribution Gabor-Wigner transform

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Anti-amyloid antibodies in Alzheimer’s disease: what did clinical trials teach us?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1092-1093页

作者： danko Jeremic Lydia Jiménez-díaz Juan d.Navarro-López NeuroPhysiology&Behavior Lab University of Castilla-La ManchaBiomedical Research Center(CRIB)School of Medicine of Ciudad RealCiudad RealSpain

Although many causes of Alzheimer’s disease(Ad)may exist,both the original amyloid cascade and tau hypotheses posit that abnormal misfolding and accumulation of amyloid-β(Aβ)and tau protein is the central event causing the ***,that conclusion could be only partly true,and there is conflicting evidence about the role of both proteins in Ad,being able to precede and influence one *** researchers argue that these proteins are mere executors rather than primary causes of ***,there have been continuing refinements of both hypotheses,with alternative explanations proposed.Aβand tau proteins may be independently involved in specific neurotoxic pathways;yet there may be other crucial processes going on in early ***,accumulating evidence suggests that Aβand tau act synergistically,rather than additively in disease onset(Jeremic et al.,2021,2023a).

关键词： amyloid Alzheimer additive

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