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Using compositional data analysis to explore accumulation of sedentary behavior,physical activity and youth health

Journal of Sport and Health Science 2022年第2期11卷 234-243页

作者： Simone J.J.m.Verswijveren Karen E.Lamb Josep A.martín-Fernández Elisabeth Winkler Rebecca m.Leech Anna Timperio Jo Salmon Robin m.Daly Ester Cerin David W.Dunstan rohan m.telford Richard D.telford Lisa S.Olive Nicola D.Ridgers Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition School of Exercise and Nutrition SciencesDeakin UniversityGeelongVIC 3216Australia melbourne School of Population and Global Health University of MelbourneParkvilleVIC 3053Australia Department of Computer Science Applied Mathematics and StatisticsUniversity of GironaGirona 17003Spain School of Public Health University of QueenslandHerstonQLD 4006Australia mary macKillop Institute for Health Research Australian Catholic UniversityFitzroyVIC 3065Australia School of Public Health University of Hong KongHong KongChina Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute MelbourneVIC 3004Australia Research Institute for Sport and Exercise University of CanberraBruceACT 2617Australia School of Psychology Deakin UniversityBurwoodVIC 3125Australia ImPACT Research Institute Deakin UniversityBurwoodVIC 3125Australia ANU medical School Australian National UniversityGarranACT 2605Australia

Purpose:The study aimed to describe youth time-use compositions,focusing on time spent in shorter and longer bouts of sedentary behavior and physical activity(PA),and to examine associations of these time-use compositions with cardiometabolic ***:Accelerometer and cardiometabolic biomarker data from 2 Australian studies involving youths 7-13 years old were pooled(complete cases with accelerometry and adiposity marker data,n=782).A 9-component time-use composition was formed using compositional data analysis:time in shorter and longer bouts of sedentary behavior;time in shorter and longer bouts of light-,moderate-,or vigorous-intensity PA;and"other time"(i.e.,non-wear/sleep).Shorter and longer bouts of sedentary time were defined asmin and>5 min,*** bouts of light-,moderate-,and vigorous-intensity PA were defined asmin;longer bouts were defined as≥1 *** models examined associations between overall time-use composition and cardiometabolic ***,associations were derived between ratios of longer activity patterns relative to shorter activity patterns,and of each intensity level relative to the other intensity levels and"other time",and cardiometabolic ***:Confounder-adjusted models showed that the overall time-use composition was associated with adiposity,blood pressure,lipids,and the summary ***,more time in longer bouts of light-intensity PA relative to shorter bouts of light-intensity PA was significantly associated with greater body mass index z-score(zBmI)(β=1.79;SE=0.68)and waist circumference(β=18.35,SE=4.78).When each activity intensity was considered relative to all higher intensities and"other time",more time in light-and vigorous-intensity PA,and less time in sedentary behavior and moderate-intensity PA,were associated with lower waist ***:Accumulating PA,particularly light-intensity PA,in frequent short bursts may be more beneficial for limiting adi

关键词： Accumulation patterns Cardiometabolic health Children Compositional data analysis Time-use

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Autoheated thermophilic aerobic sludge digestion and metal bioleaching in a two-stage reactor system

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2010年第2期22卷 230-236页

作者： rohan Jain Ashish Pathak T.R.Sreekrishnan m.G.Dastidar Department of Biochemical Engineering & Biotechnology Indian Institute of Technology Hauz KhasNew Delhi-110016India Centre for Energy Studies Indian Institute of TechnologyHauz KhasNew Delhi-110016India

A two-stage process has been developed for stabilization of sludge and removal of heavy metals from the secondary activated sludge with high rate of energy and time conservation. The first stage of the process involves autoheated thermophilic aerobic digestion at 55-60℃ inoculated with less-acidophilic thermophilic sulfur-oxidizing microorganisms （ATAD）. The results show that it is possible to maintain the autoheated conditions （55-60℃） in the ATAD reactor up to 24 hr, leading to reduction of 21% total solids （TS）, 27% volatile solids （VS）, 27% suspended solids （SS） and 33% volatile suspended solids （VSS） from the sludge. The sludge pH also decreased from 7 to 4.6 due to the activity of less-acidophilic thermophilic microorganisms. In the second stage operation, the digested sludge （pH 4.6, TS 31.6 g/L） from stage one was subjected to bioleaching in a continuous stirred tank reactor, operated at mean hydraulic retention times （HRTs） of 12, 24 and 36 hr at 30℃. An HRT of 24 hr was found to be sufficient for removal of 70% Cu, 70% mn, 75% Ni, and 80% Zn from the sludge. In all, 39% VSS, 76% Cu, 78.2% mn, 79.5% Ni and 84.2% Zn were removed from the sludge in both the stages.

关键词： bioleaching thermophilic aerobic digestion heavy metals sludge

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Efficacy and safety of semaglutide in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2023年第37期29卷 5327-5338页

作者： Kai Zhu rohan Kakkar Daljeet Chahal Eric m Yoshida Trana Hussaini Internal medicine University of British ColumbiaVancouver V5Z 1M9BCCanada Department of Gastroenterology University of British ColumbiaVancouver V5Z 1M9BCCanada BC Liver Transplant Program Vancouver General HospitalVancouver V5Z 1M9BCCanada Pharmaceutical Sciences University of British ColumbiaVancouver V5Z 1M9BCCanada

BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is the leading cause of chronic liver *** prevalence and disease burden of NAFLD are projected to exponentially increase resulting in significant healthcare expenditures and lower healthrelated quality of *** date,there are no approved pharmacotherapies for NAFLD or non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH).Semaglutide has glycemic and weight loss benefits that may be advantageous for patients with *** To investigate the efficacy and safety of semaglutide in patients with *** mEDLINE,CENTRAL,and EmBASE were searched from inception to may 1,2023,to identify eligible randomized controlled trials(RCTs).meta-analysis was performed using random effects model expressing continuous outcomes as mean differences(mD)or standardized mDs(SmD),and dichotomous outcomes as odds ratios(OR)with 95%confidence intervals(CI).Statistical heterogeneity was assessed using the Cochran’s Q test and I2 *** Three RCTs involving 458 patients were *** increased the likelihood of NASH resolution(OR:3.18,95%CI:1.70,5.95;Pmprovement in steatosis(OR:2.83,95%CI:1.19,6.71;P=0.03),lobular inflammation(OR:1.81,95%CI:1.11,2.96;P=0.02),and hepatocellular ballooning(OR:2.92,95%CI:1.83,4.65;Pmaglutide reduced liver stiffness(SmD:-0.48,95%CI:-0.86,-0.11;P=0.01)and steatosis(mD:-4.96%,95%CI:-9.92,0.01;P=0.05).It also reduced alanine aminotransferase(mD:-14.06 U/L,95%CI:-22.06,-6.07;Pminotransferase(mD:-11.44 U/L,95%CI:-17.23,-5.65;Pmaglutide led to improved cardiometabolic outcomes,including decreased HgA1c(mD:-0.77%,95%CI:-1.18,-0.37;PmD:-6.53 kg,95%CI:-11.21,-1.85;P=0.006),but increased the occurrence of GIrelated side effects(OR:3.72,95%CI:1.68,8.23;P=0.001).Overall risk of serious adverse events was similar compared to placebo(OR:1.40,95%CI:0.75,2.62;P<0.29).CO

关键词： Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Fatty liver metabolic-associated fatty liver Semaglutide

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Trends and outcomes of transarterial chemoembolization in hepatocellular carcinoma:a national survey

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2017年第6期16卷 624-630页

作者： Khalid mumtaz Nishi Patel rohan m modi Vihang Patel Alice Hinton James Hanje Sylvester m Black Somashaker Krishna Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and NutritionThe Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Columbus OHUSA Department of Internal medicine The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Columbus OHUSA Department of Surgery The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Columbus OHUSA Division of Biostatistics College of Public Health The Ohio State University Columbus OH USA

BACKGROUND:Transarterial chemoembolization(TACE) is a palliative procedure frequently used in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). We examined the national inpatient trends of TACE and related outcomes in the United States over the last ***:We utilized the National Inpatient Sample(2002 to 2012) and performed trend analyses of TACE for HCC in all adult patients(age >18 years). multivariate analyses for the outcomes of in-hospital "procedure-related complications"(PRCs) and "post-procedure complications"(PPCs) were performed. We also compared early(2002 to 2006) and late(2007 to 2012) eras by multivariate analyses to identify predictors of complications, healthcare resource utilization and ***:Overall, 19058 patients underwent TACE for HCC where PRCs and PPCs were seen in 24.2% and 17.6% of patients, respectively. The overall trends in the use of TACE(Pmortality [adjusted Odds ratio(a OR):0.58; 95% CI:0.41, 0.82], reduced length of hospital stay(-1.87 days; 95% CI:-2.77,-0.97) and increased hospital charges($19232; 95% CI:11013, 27451) in the late era. Additionally, there was increased mortality(a OR:4.07; 95% CI:2.96, 5.59), PRCs(a OR:3.21; 95% CI:2.56, 4.02), and PPCs(a OR:2.70; 95% CI:2.11, 3.46) among patients with ***:There is an increasing trend of TACE utilization in HCC. However, the outcomes are worse in patients with coagulopathy. Although PRCs have increased, mortality has decreased in recent years. These findings should be considered during TACE evaluation in patients with HCC.

关键词： transarterial chemoembolization hepatocellular carcinoma procedural complications mortality

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Outcomes of liver transplantation in patients with hepatorenal syndrome

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World Journal of Hepatology 2016年第24期8卷 999-1011页

作者： rohan m modi Nishi Patel Sherif N metwally Khalid mumtaz Department of Internal medicine the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Department of Internal medicine Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition the Ohio State University Medical Center

Hepatorenal syndrome(HRS) plays an important role in patients with liver cirrhosis on the wait list for liver transplantation(LT). The 1 and 5-year probability of developing HRS in cirrhotic with ascites is 20% and 40%, respectively. In this article, we reviewed current concepts in HRS pathophysiology, guidelines for HRS diagnosis, effective treatment options presently available, and controversies surrounding liver alone vs simultaneous liver kidney transplant(SLKT) in transplant candidates. many treatment options including albumin, vasoconstrictors, renal replacement therapy, and eventual LT have remained a mainstay in the treatment of HRS. Unfortunately, even after aggressive measures such as terlipressin use, the rate of recovery is less than 50% of patients. moreover, current SLKT guidelines include:(1) estimation of glomerular filtration rate of 30 m L/min or less for 4-8 wk;(2) proteinuria > 2 g/d; or(3) biopsy proven interstitial fibrosis or glomerulosclerosis. Even with these updated criteria there is a lack of consistency regarding longterm benefits for SLKT vs LT alone. Finally, in regards to kidney dysfunction in the post-transplant setting, an estimation of glomerular filtration rate mL /min per 1.73 m2 may be associated with an increased risk of patients having long-term end stage renal disease. HRS is common in patients with cirrhosis and those on liver transplant waitlist. Prompt identification and therapy initiation in transplant candidates with HRS may improve post-transplantation outcomes. Future studies identifying optimal vasoconstrictor regimens, alternative therapies, and factors predictive of response to therapy are needed. The appropriate use of SLKT in patients with HRS remains controversial and requires further evidence by the transplant community.

关键词： Liver transplantation Simultaneous liver kidney transplantation Vasopressors Dialysis Posttransplant outcomes Hepatorenal syndrome

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Potential utility of liquid biopsies in the management of patients with biliary tract cancers:A review

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2021年第9期13卷 1073-1085页

作者： rohan Shotton Angela Lamarca Juan Valle mairéad G mcNamara Department of medical Oncology The Christie NHS Foundation TrustManchester M204BXUnited Kingdom Division of Cancer Sciences School of Medical SciencesFaculty of BiologyMedicine and HealthUniversity of ManchesterManchester M139PLUnited Kingdom

Biliary tract cancer,comprising gallbladder cancer,cholangiocarcinoma and ampullary cancer,represents a more uncommon entity outside high-endemic areas,though global incidence is *** majority of patients present at a late stage,and 5-year survival remains *** stage disease is incurable,and though palliative chemotherapy has been shown to improve survival,further diagnostic and therapeutic options are required in order to improve patient *** certain subtypes of biliary tract cancer are relatively rich in targetable mutations,attaining tumour tissue for histological diagnosis and treatment monitoring is challenging due to locoregional anatomical constraints and patient *** biopsies offer a safe and convenient alternative to invasive procedures and have great potential as diagnostic,predictive and prognostic *** this review,the current standard of care for patients with biliary tract cancer,future treatment horizons and the possible utility of liquid biopsies within a variety of contexts will be *** tumour DNA,circulating microRNA and circulating tumour cells are discussed with an overview of their potential applications in management of biliary tract cancer.A summary is also provided of currently recruiting clinical trials incorporating liquid biopsies within biliary tract cancer research.

关键词： Biliary tract cancer Liquid biopsy Circulating tumour DNA Cell free DNA Circulating tumour cells Biomarkers

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Evidence for structural phase transitions and large effective band gaps in quasi-metallic ultra-clean suspended carbon nanotubes

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Nano Research 2013年第10期6卷 736-744页

作者： Shun-Wen Chang rohan Dhall moh Amer Kentaro Sato Riichiro Saito Stephen Cronin Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Southern California Los Angeles CA 90089 USA Department of Electrical Engineering University of Southern California Los Angeles CA 90089 USA Department of Chemistry University of Southern California Los Angeles CA 90089 USA Department of Physics Tohoku University Sendai 980-8578 Japan

We report evidence for a structural phase transition in individual suspended metallic carbon nanotubes by examining their Raman spectra and electron trans- port under electrostatic gate potentials. The current-gate voltage characteristics reveal anomalously large quasi-metallic band gaps as high as 240 meV, the largest reported to date. For nanotubes with band gaps larger than 200 meV, we observe a pronounced m-shape profile in the gate dependence of the 2D band （or G＇ band） Raman frequency. The pronounced dip （or softening） of the phonon mode near zero gate voltage can be attributed to a structural phase transition （SPT） that occurs at the charge neutrality point （CNP）. The 2D band Raman intensity also changes abruptly near the CNP, providing further evidence for a change in the lattice symmetry and a possible SPT. Pronounced non-adiabatic effects are observed in the gate dependence of the G band Raman mode, however, this behavior deviates from non-adiabatic theory near the CNP. For nanotubes with band gaps larger than 200 meV, non-adiabatic effects should be largely suppressed, which is not observed experimentally. This data suggests that these large effective band gaps are primarily caused by a SPT to an insulating state, which causes the large modulation observed in the conductance around the CNP. Possible mechanisms for this SPT are discussed, including electron-electron （e.g., mott） and electron-phonon （e.g., Peierls） driven transitions.

关键词： carbon nanotube Raman spectroscopy phase transition bandgap energy

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Diabetes among muslims during Ramadan:A narrative review

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2023年第26期11卷 6031-6039页

作者： rohan Kumar Ochani Asim Shaikh Simran Batra Gauri Pikale Salim Surani Internal medicine SUNY Upstate Medical University HospitalSyracuseNY 13210United States medicine Aga Khan UniversitySindhKarachi 74500Pakistan Internal medicine Dow University of Health SciencesSindhKarachi 74200Pakistan Internal medicine Chicago Medical School at Rosalind Franklin UniversityChicagoIL 60064United States medicine and Pharmacology Texas A and M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843United States medicine Aga Khan UniversityNairobi 00100Kenya

Fasting during the month of Ramadan is one of the five fundamental principles of Islam,and it is obligatory for healthy muslim adults and *** the fasting month,muslims usually have two meals a day,suhur(before dawn)and iftar(after dusk).However,diabetic patients may face difficulties when fasting,so it is important for medical staff to educate them on safe fasting *** strict fasting can increase the risk of hypoglycemia and diabetic ketoacidosis,but with proper knowledge,careful planning,and medication adjustment,diabetic muslim patients can fast during *** this review,a literature search was conducted using Pubmed and Google Scholar until may *** other than the English language were *** strategies for managing blood sugar levels during Ramadan include a combination of patient education on nutrition,regular monitoring of blood glucose,medications,and insulin *** therapy can be continued during fasting if properly titrated to the patients’needs,and finger prick blood sugar levels should be assessed *** certain symptoms such as hypoglycemia,hyperglycemia,dehydration,or acute illness occur,or blood glucose levels become too high(>300 mg/dL)or too low(mg/dL),the fast should be *** insulin formulations such as pegylated insulin and medications like tirzepatide,a dual agonist of gastric-inhibitory peptideand glucagonlike-peptide 1 receptors,have shown promise in managing blood sugar levels during ***-insulin dependent medications like sodium-glucose-cotransporter-2 inhibitors,including the Food and Drug Administration-approved ertugliflozin,are also being used to provide additional cardiovascular benefits in patients with type 2 diabetes.

关键词： Ramadan Fasting Diabetes Complications Insulin therapy Newer advances Hypoglyccemia

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mixture models detect large effect QTL better than GBLUP and result in more accurate and persistent predictions

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2016年第4期7卷 468-473页

作者： Anna Wolc Jesus Arango Petek Settar Janet E.Fulton Neil P.O'Sullivan Jack C.m.Dekkers rohan Fernando Dorian J.Garrick Department of Animal Science Iowa State University Hy-Line International Dallas Center

Background： Accurate evaluation of SNP effects is important for genome wide association studies and for genomic prediction. The genetic architecture of quantitative traits differs widely, with some traits exhibiting few if any quantitative trait loci （QTL） with large effects, while other traits have one or several easily detectable QTL with large effects. methods： Body weight in broilers and egg weight in layers are two examples of traits that have QTL of large effect A commonly used method for genome wide association studies is to fit a mixture model such as BayesB that assumes some known proportion of SNP effects are zero. In contrast, the most commonly used method for genomic prediction is known as GBLUP, which involves fitting an animal model to phenotypic data with the variance-covariance or genomic relationship matrix among the animals being determined by genome wide SNP genotypes. Genotypes at each SNP are typically weighted equally in determining the genomic relationship matrix for GBLUP. We used the equivalent marker effects model formulation of GBLUP for this study. We compare these two classes of models using egg weight data collected over 8 generations from 2,324 animals genotyped with a 42 K SNP ***： Using data from the first 7 generations, both BayesB and GBLUP found the largest QTL in a similar well-recognized QTL region, but this QTL was estimated to account for 24 % of genetic variation with BayesB and less than 1% with GBLUP. When predicting phenotypes in generation 8 BayesB accounted for 36 % of the phenotypic variation and GBLUP for 25 %. When using only data from any one generation, the same QTL was identified with BayesB in all but one generation but never with GBLUP. Predictions of phenotypes in generations 2 to 7 based on only 295 animals from generation 1 accounted for 10 % phenotypic variation with BayesB but only 6 % with GBLUP. Predicting phenotype using only the marker effects in the 1 mb region that accounted for the largest e

关键词： Bayesian methods Bias QTL

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method for hull-less barley transformation and manipulation of grain mixed-linkage beta-glucan

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2018年第5期60卷 382-396页

作者： Wai Li Lim Helen m. Collins rohan R. Singh Natalie A. J. Kibble Kuok Yap Jillian Taylor Geoffrey B. Fincher Rachel A. Burton ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls School of Agriculture Food and Wine University of Adelaide Waite Campus Glen Osmond SouthAustralia 5064 Australia Institute for molecular Bioscience The University of Queensland，4072，Australia

Hull-less barley is increasingly offering scope for breeding grains with improved characteristics for human nutrition; however, recalcitrance of hull-less cultivars to transformation has limited the use of these varieties. To overcome this limitation, we sought to develop an effective transformation system for hull-less barley using the cultivar Torrens. Torrens yielded a transformation efficiency of 1.8%, using a modified Agrobacterium transformation method. This method was used to over-express genes encoding synthases for the important dietary fiber component, 0,3;1,4）-β-glucan （mixed-linkage glucan）, primarily present in starchy endosperm cell walls. Over-expression of the HvCslF6 gene, driven by an endosperm-specific promoter, produced lines where mixed-linkage glucan content increased on average by 45%, peaking at 70% in some lines, with smaller increases in transgenic HvCsIH1 grain. Transgenic HvCslF6 lines displayed alterations where grain had a darker color, were more easily crushed than wild type and were smaller. This was associated with an enlarged cavity in the central endosperm and changes in cell morphology, including aleurone and sub-aleurone cells. This work provides proof-of-concept evidence that mixed-linkage glucan content in hull-less barley grain can be increased by over-expression of the HvCslF6 gene, but also indicates that hull-less cultivars may be more sensitive to attempts to modify cell wall composition.

关键词： Tobias I. Baskin University of massachusetts USA

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