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Construction of a broad-host-range Anderson prom.ter series and particulate m.thane m.nooxygenase prom.ter variants expand the m.thanotroph genetic toolbox

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Synthetic and System. Biotechnology 2024年第2期9卷 250-258页

作者： Etash H.Bhat Jessica m.Henard Spencer A.Lee Dustin m.Halffey m.hith S.Ravulapati Elle V.rogers Logan Yu David Skiles Calvin A.Henard Departm.nt of Biological Sciences and BioDiscovery Institute University of North TexasDentonTXUSA

m.thanotrophic bacteria are currently used industrially for the bioconversion of m.thane-rich natural gas and anaerobic digestion-derived biogas to valuable *** bacteria m.y also serve to m.tigate the negative effects of clim.te change by capturing atm.spheric greenhouse *** genetic tools have previously been developed for genetic and m.tabolic engineering of ***,the available tools for use in m.thanotrophs are significantly underdeveloped com.ared to m.ny other industrially relevant bacteria,which hinders genetic and m.tabolic engineering of these *** such,expansion of the m.thanotroph genetic toolbox is needed to further our understanding of m.thanotrophy and develop biotechnologies that leverage these unique m.crobes for m.tigation and conversion of m.thane to valuable ***,we determ.ned the copy num.er of three broad-host-range plasm.ds in m.thylococcus capsulatus Bath and m.thylosinus trichosporium.OB3b,representing phylogenetically diverse Gam.aproteobacterial and Alphaproteobacterial m.thanotrophs,***,we show that the com.only used synthetic Anderson series prom.ters are functional and exhibit sim.lar relative activity in *** and *** OB3b,but the synthetic series had lim.ted ***,we m.tagenized the native *** particulate m.thane m.nooxygenase prom.ter and identified variants with activity that expand the activity range of synthetic,constitutive prom.ters functional not only in ***,but also in Escherichia ***,the tools developed here advance the m.thanotroph genetic engineering toolbox and represent additional synthetic genetic parts that m.y have broad applicability in Pseudom.nadota bacteria.

关键词： m.thanotroph m.thane m.nooxygenase Prom.ter m.tabolic engineering Synthetic biology

Overcom.ng m.ladaptive plasticity through plastic com.ensation

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Current Zoology 2013年第4期59卷 526-536页

作者： m.tthew R.J. m.RRIS Sean m. rogers Departm.nt of Biological Sciences University of Calgary Calgary AB Canada T2N 1N4

m.st species evolve within fluctuating environm.nts, and have developed adaptations to m.et the challenges posed by environm.ntal heterogeneity. One such adaptation is phenotypic plasticity, or the ability of a single genotype to produce m.ltiple environm.ntally-induced phenotypes. Yet, not all plasticity is adaptive. Despite the renewed interest in adaptive phenotypic plas- ticity and its consequences for evolution, m.ch less is known about m.ladaptive plasticity. However, m.ladaptive plasticity is likely an im.ortant driver of phenotypic sim.larity am.ng populations living in different environm.nts. This paper traces four strategies for overcom.ng m.ladaptive plasticity that result in phenotypic sim.larity, two of which involve genetic changes （standing genetic variation, genetic com.ensation） and two of which do not （standing epigenetic variation, plastic com.ensation）. Plastic com.ensation is defined as adaptive plasticity overcom.ng m.ladaptive plasticity. In particular, plastic com.ensation m.y increase the likelihood of genetic com.ensation by facilitating population persistence. We provide key term. to disentangle these aspects of phenotypic plasticity and introduce exam.les to reinforce the potential im.ortance of plastic com.ensation for under- standing evolutionary change

关键词： Hom.ostasis Canalization Ecological speciation Standing genetic variation Genetic com.ensation Countergradi-ent variation

The consequences of genom.c architecture on ecological speciation in postglacial fishes

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Current Zoology 2013年第1期59卷 53-71页

作者： Sean m. rogers Jonathan A. m.E Ella BOWLES Departm.nt of Biological Sciences University of Calgary 2500 University Drive NW Calgary Alberta T2N 1N4 Canada

The quest for the origin of species has entered the genom.cs era. Despite decades of evidence confirm.ng the role of the environm.nt in ecological speciation, an understanding of the genom.cs of ecological speciation is still in its infancy. In this review, we explore the role of genom.c architecture in ecological speciation in postglacial fishes. Growing evidence for the num. ber, location, effect size, and interactions am.ng the genes underlying population persistence, adaptive trait divergence, and re- productive isolation in these fishes reinforces the im.ortance of considering genom.c architecture in studies of ecological speci- ation. Additionally, these populations likely adapt to new freshwater environm.nts by selection on standing genetic variation, as de novo m.tations are unlikely under such recent divergence tim.s. We hypothesize that m.dular genom.c architectures in post- glacial fish taxa m.y be associated with the probability of population persistence. Em.irical studies have confirm.d the genic na- ture of ecological speciation, im.licating surprisingly extensive linkage disequilibrium.across the genom.. An understanding of these genom.c m.saics and how they contribute to reproductive barriers rem.ins unclear, but m.gration rates and the strength of selection at these loci is predicted to influence the likelihood of population divergence. Altogether, understanding the role of ge- nom.c architecture is an im.ortant com.onent of speciation research and postglacial fishes continue to provide excellent organ- ism. to test these questions, both from.the perspective of variation in architectures am.ng taxa, and with respect to the distinct environm.nts they have colonized. However, m.re em.irical tests of ecological speciation predictions are needed [Current Zoo- logy 59 （1）： 53-71, 2013].

关键词： Adaptation Ecological speciation Genom.c architecture m.dularity Postglacial fishes QTL

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广西扶绥白头叶猴的欺骗信号(英文)

动物学报 2005年第2期51卷 335-337页

作者：李兆元 m.Elizabeth rogers 西南林学院保护生物学学院昆明650224 ICAPB The University of EdinburghEdinburghUK

1997年9月至1998年9月, 我们在广西扶绥珍贵动物保护区对白头叶猴( Trachypithecus leucocephalus)进行保护生物学研究。在本研究中, 我们试图评价生境质量的下降对白头叶猴生存造成的负面影响。我们用系统的方法采集行为数据, 用典型... 详细信息

1997年9月至1998年9月, 我们在广西扶绥珍贵动物保护区对白头叶猴( Trachypithecus leucocephalus)进行保护生物学研究。在本研究中, 我们试图评价生境质量的下降对白头叶猴生存造成的负面影响。我们用系统的方法采集行为数据, 用典型的野外记录技术( ad libitum. 记录稀少行为事件。观察结果表明, 生活在高质量生境中的猴群极力地保卫其家域; 相反地, 生活在低质量生境中的猴群不尽力保卫其家域。群体中的繁殖雄性在雄性替代过程中一旦被逐出群外, 就会变成孤猴, 并失去家域。这时, 由于生境质量低劣, 孤猴将面临食物短缺。我们的观察显示, 这些猴子通过欺骗信号保持群间距离, 使其得以呆在有食物资源的生境中。依据Za havi的理论, 在通讯行为中, 信号接受者总是在检查信号发出者, 防止其发出欺骗信号。因此, 可以预测欺骗信号无法得以演化。然而, 我们的观察结果不支持这种预测。

关键词：广西扶绥自然保护区白头叶猴欺骗信号群间关系生境

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电磁学

电磁学

面向“卡脖子”问题的知识创新生态系统分析:核心挑战、理论构建与现实路径

作者： m.·罗杰斯(m. rogers)

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科研管理 2022年第4期43卷 94-102页

作者：王璐瑶曲冠楠 Juan rogers 清华大学经济管理学院北京100084 中国科学院大学公共政策与管理学院北京100049 佐治亚理工学院公共政策学院美国亚特兰大30332

新形势下,面对关键核心技术“卡脖子”问题的挑战,系统提升我国科技研究的整体水平迫在眉睫。然而,我国现有知识创新生态研究的基本思路仍是以“大学、企业、政府”构成的“三螺旋”框架,无法体现新时代多元化主体、多样化路径、多种创... 详细信息

新形势下,面对关键核心技术“卡脖子”问题的挑战,系统提升我国科技研究的整体水平迫在眉睫。然而,我国现有知识创新生态研究的基本思路仍是以“大学、企业、政府”构成的“三螺旋”框架,无法体现新时代多元化主体、多样化路径、多种创新模式的平行共存与协同演化特征,致使研究者破题“卡脖子”难题时缺乏整合性视角与适用性框架的支撑。本研究基于知识创新范式转型背景下影响我国以系统工具解决“卡脖子”问题的核心挑战,深入探究新时代“模式3”知识创新“多重螺旋”(N-tuple helices)生态系统的主体特征与拓扑结构。以之为基础,讨论系统性提升我国科研创新能力,应对“卡脖子”挑战的可行路径与具体措施。

关键词： “卡脖子”问题知识创新关键核心技术突破创新生态系统多重螺旋

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Genetic basis for body size variation between an anadrom.us and two derived lacustrine populations of threespine stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus in southwest Alaska

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Current Zoology 2016年第1期62卷 71-78页

作者： Ella BOWLES Rebecca A. JOHNSTON Stevi L. VANDERZWAN Sean m. rogers Departm.nt of Biological Sciences University of Calgary 2500 University Dr. N.W. Calgary Alberta T2N 1N4Canada

Body size is a highly variable trait am.ng geographically separated populations. Size-assortative reproductive isolation has been linked to recent adaptive radiations of threespine stickleback （Gasterosteus aculeatus） into freshwater, but the genetic basis of the com.only found size differ- ence between anadrom.us and derived lacustrine sticklebacks has not been tested. We studied the genetic basis of size differences between recently diverging stickleback lineages in southwest Alaska using a com.on environm.nt experim.nt. We crossed stickleback within one anadrom.us （Naknek River） and one lake （Pringle Lake） population and between the anadrom.us and two lake populations （Pringle and JoJo Lakes）, and raised them.in a salinity of 4-6 ppt. The F1 anadrom.us and freshwater form. differed significantly in size, whereas hybrids were interm.diate or exhibited dom.nance toward the anadrom.us form. Additionally, the size of freshwater Fls differed from.their wild counterparts, with within-population Fls from.Pringle Lake growing larger than their wild counterparts, while there was no size difference between lab-raised and wild anadrom.us fish. Sexual dim.rphism.was always present in anadrom.us fish, but not in freshwater, and not always in the hybrid crosses. These results, along with parallel changes am.ng anadrom.us and fresh- water form. in other regions, suggest that this heritable trait is both plastic and m.y be under di- vergent and/or sexual selection.

关键词： adaptation body size com.on garden genetic basis threespine stickleback.

Tree species diversity, richness, and sim.larity between exotic and indigenous forests in the cloud forests of Eastern Arc m.untains, Taita Hills, Kenya

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Journal of Forestry Research 2010年第3期21卷 255-264,395页

作者： Loice m.A.Om.ro Petri K.E.Pellikka Paul C.rogers Viikki Tropical Resources Institute Department of Forest SciencesUniversity of Helsinki University of Helsinki Departm.nt of Geosciences and Geography Departm.nt of Wildland Resources and Ecology Center Utah State University

Biodiversity assessm.nt for tree species was conducted in three forest fragm.nts ofthe Taita Hills, southeastern Kenya to com.are species diversity between and within three exotic forest plantations of pine, eucalyptus, cypress and the indigenous forests. The study sites were： Ngangao （120 ha）, Chawia （86 ha）, and m.ololo （185 ha）. A Y-plot design was used to sam.le 32 plots com.rising of 65 subplots. At each subplot, all juvenile trees of 5 cm.and above in diam.ter at breast height （DBH） were enum.rated and recorded by species. Tree regeneration （seedlings and saplings） was tallied by species. The Shannon-Weiner Index was used to calculate species diversity and evenness. The derived Shannon’s indices were further converted into effective num.ers to show the m.gnitude of differences in species biodiversities. To evaluate dif-ferences in species diversities, a one way ANOVA was conducted and to separate the m.ans, Tukey＇s HSD and Duncan’s tests were used for even and uneven num.er of sam.les respectively. Jaccard’s sim.larity index was used to assess species sim.larities. There were m.re than 58 species whose stem.densities varied between 10 and 2 000 trees per *** were significant differences in species diversities between forest types and sites; the indigenous forests showed higher diversities than the exotic forests. Sim.larly, Chawia sites had higher species diversity than both Ngangao and m.ololo. Chawia also had a higher num.er of regen-erated species than the two other sites, including species such as Xym.los m.nospora, Rapanea m.lanophloeos, and Syzygium.guineense, which are associated with low levels of disturbance. These findings indicate that the indigenous forest is m.re diverse in species as would be expected in the tropics. The high species diversity in Chawia could be accounted for by the higher levels of disturbance it underwent, unlike the two other sites. The regeneration of species associated with low levels of disturbance found in the ex

关键词： biodiversity forest fragm.nts Eastern Arc m.untains disturbance exotics indigenous species

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针刺或滥用针刺的严重并发症

国际护理学杂志 1982年第6期03卷 33-37页

作者： Philip A. m. rogers ,魏建东

近年来,针刺因可能发生严重并发症而不时遭到非难。作者就其中一些提法加以讨论,将表明严重并发症是因为针刺使用不当或不熟练的操作者粗暴滥用所致。最近一篇文章里谈到一个病人,为治疗偏头痛做了针的软组织内永久性植入,因跌到楼梯上... 详细信息

近年来,针刺因可能发生严重并发症而不时遭到非难。作者就其中一些提法加以讨论,将表明严重并发症是因为针刺使用不当或不熟练的操作者粗暴滥用所致。最近一篇文章里谈到一个病人,为治疗偏头痛做了针的软组织内永久性植入,因跌到楼梯上并撞及项部致使植入的针中有一颗被打入脊髓,造成严重脊髓

关键词：针刺严重并发症穴位滞针