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流体网络建模——快速精确的散热设计分析手段

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电子产品世界 2003年第8B期10卷 48-49页

作者： roger r.schmidt Walter A Schindler Kanchan M.Kelkar IBM公司 Elma电子公司 Innovative研究公司

电子系统能否可靠工作,与其热学特性是否令人满意有着极为密切的关系.

关键词：流体网络建模散热设计气冷电子系统液冷电子系统 FNM

Concise Synthesis of Lactococcus garvieae Lipoteichoic Acids Through an Additive-Modulated Preactivation Protocol and the Immunological Studies

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CCS Chemistry 2024年第2期6卷 403-414页

作者： Tianlu Li Tong Li Yue Yang Haoru Zhuang Jianwu Lv Ning Zhou Miaomiao Zhang Fengshan Wang Yiqun Geng richard r.schmidt Peng Peng National Glycoengineering research Center Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and GlycobiologyNMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate Based MedicineShandong UniversityQingdao 266237 State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100050 Department of Chemistry University of KonstanzD-78457 Konstanz

Lipoteichoic acids(LTAs)are macroamphiphiles composed of alditol,lipid,phosphate,and carbohydrate *** to their inherent complexity,it is a severe challenge to access LTAs with structural integrity from natural sources for biological or immunological ***,we describe the first total synthesis of Lactococcus garvieae LTA(type II LTA),containing five distinct 1,2-cis gluco/galactopyranosidic linkages,via a novel additive-modulated O-glycosyl trichloroacetimidate preactivation glycosidation *** strategy features(1)high glycosidation yields and excellent 1,2-cis stereoselectivities independent of the donor anomeric configuration,(2)common and inexpensive reagents as promoters and additives,(3)application to standard glycosyl imidate donors without resorting to participating protection,and(4)general application to reactive and less reactive glycosyl ***,via the precise stereocontrolled construction of three galactopyranosidic and two glucopyranosidic bonds on a multigram scale,a series of structurally well-defined LTA molecules were successfully *** evaluation of these type II synthetic LTAs showed a structure–activity relationship in the stimulation of a proinflammatory response.

关键词： 1,2-cis glycosidation stereoselectivity lipoteichoic acid total synthesis additive-modulated trichloroacetimidate glycosidation immune response

Application of dynamic image analysis to the optical characterisation of fibrous bulk material

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Particuology 2024年第7期90卷 51-60页

作者： Johannes Lunewski Eberhard schmidt Institute of Particle Technology University of WuppertalGermany

Dynamic image analysis provides an automated evaluation method to determine the size and shape of multiple particles. This method represents a common application for ordinary bulk material. The latest draft of ISO 13322–2:2021 describes the state of the art, but lacks instructions for handling fibrous bulk material. Interlocking fibres complicate the measurement conditions and require a disentanglement of fibrous samples during a pre-dispersion step. A further error source includes the fibre orientation inside the measurement zone of the device. If the thresholding algorithm fails to differentiate between the fibre projection area and the background, a subsequent image optimisation solves the problem. This article addresses the mentioned problems by analysing cotton cellulose and polyacrylonitrile fibres. Besides the execution of a pre-dispersion step, the experiments compare the discrepancies between dry and wet dispersion. Here, the software packages PAQXOS and ImageJ perform the image evaluation. In this case, the wet dispersion setup with a subsequent image evaluation by ImageJ provides comprehensible results.

关键词： Bootstrap method Dynamic image analysis Fibre diameter Fibre length distribution Natural fibres Synthetic fibres

A sphingolipid message promotes neuronal health across generations

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Neural regeneration research 2024年第11期19卷 2325-2326页

作者： Wenyue Wang roger Pocock Development and Stem Cells Program Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy and Developmental BiologyMonash UniversityMelbourneVICAustralia

Maternal nutrition can affect brain function of offspring in later life(Fitzgerald et al.,2020).Emerging studies have also shown that the maternal environment can modify susceptibility to neurodegenerative disease(Boots et al.,2023).Transmission of environmental information from mother to offspring depends on maternal nutrient *** the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans,maternal yolk,which is synthesized in the intestine and transferred to nourish oocytes and early embryos,can provide extranuclear inheritance factors to mediate phenotypic plasticity across ***,the molecular mechanisms of regulating such intergenerational effects remain largely unknown.

关键词： mother intestine transferred

Understanding antimicrobial pharmacokinetics in critically ill patients to optimize antimicrobial therapy:A narrative review

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Journal of Intensive Medicine 2024年第3期4卷 287-298页

作者： Claire roger Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Pain and Emergency MedicineNîmes-Caremeau University HospitalNîmesFrance Ur UM 103 IMAGINE(Initial Management and prévention of orGan failures IN critically ill patiEnts) Faculty of MedicineMontpellier UniversityMontpellierFrance

Effective treatment of sepsis not only demands prompt administration of appropriate antimicrobials but also requires precise dosing to enhance the likelihood of patient survival. Adequate dosing refers to the administration of doses that yield therapeutic drug concentrations at the infection site. This ensures a favorable clinical and microbiological response while avoiding antibiotic-related toxicity. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is the recommended approach for attaining these goals. However, TDM is not universally available in all intensive care units (ICUs) and for all antimicrobial agents. In the absence of TDM, healthcare practitioners need to rely on several factors to make informed dosing decisions. These include the patient's clinical condition, causative pathogen, impact of organ dysfunction (requiring extracorporeal therapies), and physicochemical properties of the antimicrobials. In this context, the pharmacokinetics of antimicrobials vary considerably between different critically ill patients and within the same patient over the course of ICU stay. This variability underscores the need for individualized dosing. This review aimed to describe the main pathophysiological changes observed in critically ill patients and their impact on antimicrobial drug dosing decisions. It also aimed to provide essential practical recommendations that may aid clinicians in optimizing antimicrobial therapy among critically ill patients.

关键词： Pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics ICU Antibiotics Dose optimization TDM

Making topological protein links using enzymatic reactions

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National Science review 2024年第03期11卷 50-51页

作者： roger Castells-Graells Todd O.Yeates Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California UCLA-DOE Institute for Genomics and Proteomics

Proteins are exceedingly complex molecules though, at their heart, they are essentially linear polymers. Pull at their ends and one obtains an extended backbone. While that is true in most cases, some natural proteins... 详细信息

关键词： DESIGN

Diatom assemblages and quantitative reconstruction for paleosalinity from a sediment core of Chencuo Lake,southern Tibet

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Science China Earth Sciences 2004年第6期47卷 522-528页

作者： C. Kamenik r.schmidt Institute of Limnology Austrian Academy of Sciences A-5310 Mondsee AustriaInstitute of Limnology Austrian Academy of Sciences A-5310 Mondsee Austria

Combining with the diatom-based conductivity transfer function from Qing-hai-Xizang (Tibetan) Plateau lakes, the lake salinity for the past 300 years was quantitatively reconstructed based on the analysis of diatom assemblages from a sediment core in Chencuo Lake, southern Tibet. The distinct negative relationship between inferred conductivity and recorded lakelevels in recent years suggests that the lake salinity can reflect the fluctuations of effective moisture of climate in lake area. The salinity inferred from diatoms reveals several major hydrological episodes. An obvious desalination of lake water occurred during the last cold interval of the Little Ice Age (about 1845–1885 AD), indicating a cold and moist climate. The lake salinity presented a rapid increase trend since the middle 1960s, with a peak value and high amplitude of salinity variability in the whole past 300 years. The low effective moisture inferred from the lake salinity may have contributed to the enhanced evaporation by the continuous increase of temperature in recent years. Keywords diatoms - conductivity or salinity - quantitative reconstruction - Chencuo Lake

关键词： diatoms, conductivity or salinity, quantitative reconstruction, Chencuo Lake.

A framework for dynamic modelling of railway track switches considering the switch blades,actuators and control systems

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railway Engineering Science 2024年第2期32卷 162-176页

作者： Saikat Dutta Tim Harrison Christopher Ward roger Dixon Phil Winship Institute of Thermofluids School of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of LeedsLeedsWest YorkshireUK Wolfson School of Mechanical Electrical and Manufacturing EngineeringLoughborough UniversityLoughboroughLeicestershireUK Birmingham Centre for railway research and Education School of EngineeringUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamWest MidlandsUK Network rail Milton KeynesBuckinghamshireUK

The main contribution of this paper is the development and demonstration of a novel methodology that can be followed to develop a simulation twin of a railway track switch system to test the functionality in a digital *** is important because,globally,railway track switches are used to allow trains to change routes;they are a key part of all railway ***,because track switches are single points of failure and safety-critical,their inability to operate correctly can cause significant delays and concomitant *** order to better understand the dynamic behaviour of switches during operation,this paper has developed a full simulation twin of a complete track switch *** approach fuses finite element for the rail bending and motion,with physics-based models of the electromechanical actuator system and the control ***,it provides researchers and engineers the opportunity to explore and understand the design space around the dynamic operation of new switches and switch machines before they are *** is useful for looking at the modification or monitoring of existing switches,and it becomes even more important when new switch concepts are being considered and *** simulation is capable of running in real time or faster meaning designs can be iterated and checked *** paper describes the modelling approach,demonstrates the methodology by developing the system model for a novel“rEPOINT”switch system,and evaluates the system level performance against the dynamic performance requirements for the *** the context of that case study,it is found that the proposed new actuation system as designed can meet(and exceed)the system performance requirements,and that the fault tolerance built into the actuation ensures continued operation after a single actuator failure.

关键词： railway track switch Mathematical modelling redundant actuation Finite element analysis

Tuberculosis Prevalence Trends from a Predictive Modelling Study-10 High-Burden Countries,1980-2035

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China CDC weekly 2024年第12期6卷 225-229,I0001,I0002页

作者： Qiuping Chen Qiao Liu Kangguo Li Laurent Gavotte roger Frutos Tianmu Chen CIrAD IntertrypMontpellierFrance Universitéde Montpellier MontpellierFrance State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine ResearchXiamen UniversityXiamen CityFujian ProvinceChina State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases Xiang An Biomedicine LaboratorySchool of Public HealthXiamen UniversityXiamen CityFujian ProvinceChina Espace-Dev Universitéde MontpellierMontpellierFrance

What is already known about this topic?Given the challenges presented by drug-resistant strains of tuberculosis(TB)and the rising mobility of the population,achieving the objective of eradicating TB appears *** is added by this report?The examination of TB incidence trends in 10 highburden countries(HBCs)indicated a steady rise in cases,with India and China jointly accounting for nearly 70%of the *** for the future show diverse trajectories in these countries,with potential difficulties in reaching the TB elimination target,especially in Nigeria,Congo,and South *** are the implications for public health practice?The number of TB cases is on the *** is crucial to learn from successful strategies to improve TB prevention and control worldwide through collaborative efforts.

关键词： tuberculosis uncertain Tuberculosis