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Review of mass-flow hopper design with respect to stress fields and surcharge loads

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Particuology 2010年第6期8卷 591-594页

作者： Alan W.roberts Centre for Bulk Solids and Partculate Technologies The University of NewcastleNSWAustralia

Current procedures for mass-flow hopper design are based on the radial stress theory developed byJenike and involve the determination of the critical outlet dimensions for flow to be initiated. These procedures ignore the surcharge loads on the hopper and involve a study of the passive or arched stress field that exists under flow conditions. An alternative approach as applied to hopper wall load analysis is to employ the horizontal slice method. The arched stress field and horizontal slice methods of analysis are compared. The influence of surcharge loads in the determination of hopper geometry is investigated.

关键词： Mass-flow Surcharge pressure Cohesive arching

Social and ecological complexity is associated with gestural repertoire size of wild chimpanzees

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Integrative Zoology 2020年第4期15卷 276-292页

作者： Sam G.B.roberts Anna I.roberts School of Psychology Faculty of HealthLiverpool John Moores UniversityLiverpoolUK Institute of Human Biology and EvolutionAdam Mickiewicz University PoznanPoland Department of Psychology University of ChesterChesterUK

Increasing our understanding of primate gestural communication can provide new insights into language evolution.A key question in primate communication is the association between the social relationships of primates and their repertoire of *** analyses can reveal how primates use their repertoire of gestural communication to maintain their networks of family and friends,much as humans use language to maintain their social *** this study we examined the association between the repertoire of gestures(overall,manual and bodily gestures,and gestures of different modalities)and social bonds(presence of reciprocated grooming),coordinated behaviors(travel,resting,co-feeding),and the complexity of ecology(***,illumination)and sociality(party size,audience),in wild East African chimpanzees(Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii).A larger repertoire size of manual,visual gestures was associated with the presence of a relationship based on reciprocated grooming and increases in social complexity.A smaller repertoire of manual tactile gestures occurred when the relationship was based on reciprocated grooming.A smaller repertoire of bodily gestures occurred between partners who jointly traveled for *** gesture repertoire size was associated with social complexity,complex ecology also influenced repertoire *** evolution of a large repertoire of manual,visual gestures may have been a key factor that enabled larger social groups to emerge during ***,the evolution of the larger brains in hominins may have co-occurred with an increase in the cognitive complexity underpinning gestural communication and this,in turn,may have enabled hominins to live in more complex social groups.

关键词： chimpanzee ecology gesture repertoire size sociality social network analysis

Regarding the Distribution of Glue in the Pion

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Chinese Physics Letters 2021年第8期38卷 17-22页

作者： Lei Chang Craig D.roberts School of Physics Nankai UniversityTianjin 300071China School of Physics Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China Institute for Nonperturbative Physics Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China

Understanding why the scale of emergent hadron mass is obvious in the proton but hidden in the pion may rest on mapping the distribution functions(DFs)of all partons within the pion and comparing them with those in the proton;and since glue provides binding in quantum chromodynamics,the glue DF could play a special *** reliable predictions for the proton’s DFs is difficult because the proton is a three-valence-body bound-state *** sketched herein,the situation for the pion,a two-valence-body problem,is much better,with continuum and lattice predictions for the valence-quark and glue DFs in *** beginning of theory alignment is timely because experimental facilities now either in operation or planning promise to realize the longstanding goal of providing pion targets,thereby enabling precision experimental tests of rigorous theory predictions concerning Nature’s most fundamental Nambu-Goldstone bosons.

关键词： valence thereby rigorous

Impressions of Parton Distribution Functions

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Chinese Physics Letters 2024年第12期41卷 53-59页

作者： Yang Yu Craig D.roberts School of Physics Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China Institute for Nonperturbative Physics Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China

Parton distribution functions(DFs)have long been recognized as key measures of hadron ***,theoretical prediction of such DFs is becoming possible using diverse methods for continuum and lattice analyses of strong interaction(QCD)matrix *** developments include a demonstration that continuum and lattice analyses yield mutually consistent results for all pion DFs,with behavior on the far valence domain of light-front momentum fraction that matches QCD *** is also delivering an understanding of the distributions of proton mass and spin amongst its constituents,which varies,of course,with the resolving scale of the measuring *** of the pion DF and proton spin developments are sketched herein,along with some novel perspectives on gluon and quark orbital angular momentum.

关键词： structure mutually sketch

Resolving the Bethe–Salpeter Kernel

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Chinese Physics Letters 2021年第7期38卷 17-22页

作者： Si-Xue Qin Craig D.roberts Department of Physics Chongqing UniversityChongqing 401331China School of Physics Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China Institute for Nonperturbative Physics Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China

A novel method for constructing a kernel for the meson bound-state problem is *** produces a closed form that is symmetry-consistent(discrete and continuous)with the gap equation defined by any admissible gluon-quark vertex,Γ.Applicable even when the diagrammatic content ofΓis unknown,the scheme can foster new synergies between continuum and lattice approaches to strong *** framework is illustrated by showing that the presence of a dressed-quark anomalous magnetic moment inΓ,an emergent feature of strong interactions,can remedy many defects of widely used meson bound-state kernels,including the mass splittings between vector and axial-vector mesons and the level ordering of pseudoscalar and vector meson radial excitations.

关键词： meson quark admissible

Impressions of the Continuum Bound State Problem in QCD

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Chinese Physics Letters 2020年第12期37卷 17-23页

作者： Si-Xue Qin C.D.roberts Department of Physics Chongqing UniversityChongqing 401331China School of Physics Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China Institute for Nonperturbative Physics Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China

Modern and anticipated facilities will deliver data that promises to reveal the innermost workings of quantum chromodynamics(QCD).In order to fulfill that promise,phenomenology and theory must reach a new level,limiting and overcoming model-dependence,so that clean lines can be drawn to connect the data with QCD *** in that direction,made using continuum methods for the hadron bound-state problem,is sketched herein.

关键词： QCD sketch limiting

Status of the Fermilab muon (g-2) experiment

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Chinese Physics C 2010年第6期34卷 741-744页

作者： B.Lee roberts Department of Physics Boston University

The New Muon （g-2） Collaboration at Fermilab has proposed to measure the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon, αμ, a factor of four better than was done in E821 at the Brookhaven AGS, which obtained αμ = [116592089（63）] × 10^-11 ±0.54 ppm. The last digit of a, is changed from the published value owing to a new value of the ratio of the muon-to-proton magnetic moment that has become available. At present there appears to be a difference between the Standard-Model value and the measured value, at the ≌ 3 standard deviation level when electron-positron annihilation data are used to determine the lowest-order hadronic piece of the Standard Model contribution. The improved experiment, along with further advances in the determination of the hadronic contribution, should clarify this difference. Because of its ability to constrain the interpretation of discoveries made at the LHC, the improved measurement will be of significant value, whatever discoveries may come from the LHC.

关键词： measurement muon anomalous magnetic moment

The boring billion? - Lid tectonics, continental growth and environmental change associated with the Columbia supercontinent

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Geoscience Frontiers 2013年第6期4卷 681-691页

作者： Nick M.W.roberts NERC Isotope Geosciences Laboratory British Geological SurveyKeyworthNottingham NG12 5GGUK

The evolution of Earth＇s biosphere,atmosphere and hydrosphere is tied to the formation of continental crust and its subsequent movements on tectonic *** supercontinent cycle posits that the continental crust is periodically amalgamated into a single landmass,subsequently breaking up and dispersing into various continental *** is possibly the first true supercontinent,it amalgamated during the 2.0-1.7 Ga period,and collisional orogenesis resulting from its formation peaked at 1.95-1.85 *** and palaeomagnetic evidence indicate that Columbia remained as a quasi-integral continental lid until at least 1.3 *** break-up attempts are evidenced by dyke swarms with a large temporal and spatial range; however,palaeomagnetic and geologic evidence suggest these attempts remained *** than dispersing into continental fragments,the Columbia supercontinent underwent only minor modifications to form the next supercontinent （Rodinia） at 1.1 -0.9 Ga; these included the transformation of external accretionary belts into the internal Grenville and equivalent collisional *** Columbia provides evidence for a form of ‘lid tectonics’,modern style plate tectonics occurred on its periphery in the form of accretionary *** detrital zircon and preserved geological record are compatible with an increase in the volume of continental crust during Columbia＇s lifespan; this is a consequence of the continuous accretionary processes along its *** quiescence in plate tectonic movements during Columbia＇s lifespan is correlative with a long period of stability in Earth＇s atmospheric and oceanic *** variability starting at 1.3 Ga in the environmental record coincides with the transformation of Columbia to Rodinia; thus,the link between plate tectonics and environmental change is strengthened with this interpretation of supercontinent history.

关键词： Rodinia Columbia Supercontinents Continental growth Lid tectonics Mesoproterozoic

The Challenges of Multidisciplinary Education in Computer Science

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2011年第4期26卷 636-642页

作者： Fred S.roberts DIMACS Center Rutgers UniversityJerseyNew BrunswickNJU.S.A.

Some of the most important problems facing the United States and China, indeed facing our entire planet, require approaches that are fundamentally multidisciplinary in nature. Many of those require skills in computer science （CS）, basic understanding of another discipline, and the ability to apply the skills in one discipline to the problems of another. Modern training in computer science needs to prepare students to work in other disciplines or to work on multidisciplinary problems. What do we do to prepare them for a multidisciplinary world when there are already too many things we want to teach them about computer science？ This paper describes successful examples of multidisciplinary education at the interface between CS and the biological sciences, as well as other examples involving CS and security, CS and sustainability, and CS and the social and economic sciences. It then discusses general principles for multidisciplinary education of computer scientists.

关键词： multidisciplinary biology sustainability security social sciences economics education