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Parasite reduction ratio one day after initiation of artemisinin-based combination therapies and its relationship with parasite clearance time in acutely malarious children

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2018年第1期7卷 1270-1283页

作者： Kazeem Akano Godwin Ntadom Chimere Agomo Christian T.Happi Onikepe A.Folarin Grace O.Gbotosho Olugbenga Mokuolu Finomo Finomo Joy C.Ebenebe Nma Jiya Jose Ambe robinson wammanda George Emechebe Oluwabunmi K.Basorun Olubunmi A.Wewe Sikiru Amoo Nnenna Ezeigwe Stephen Oguche Bayo Fatunmbi Akintunde Sowunmi Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics University of IbadanIbadanNigeria Antimalarial Therapeutic Efficacy Monitoring Group National Malaria Elimination ProgrammeThe Federal Ministry of HealthAbujaNigeria Department of Medical Laboratory Science University of LagosLagosNigeria Department of Biological Sciences and African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases(ACEGID) Redeemer UniversityEdeNigeria Institute for Medical Research and Training University of IbadanIbadanNigeria Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of IbadanIbadanNigeria Department of Paediatrics University of IlorinIlorinNigeria Department of Paediatrics Federal Medical CentreYenagoaNigeria Department of Paediatrics Nnamdi Azikiwe UniversityAwkaNigeria Department of Paediatrics Uthman Dan Fodio UniversitySokotoNigeria Department of Paediatrics University of MaiduguriMaiduguriNigeria Department of Paediatrics Ahmadu Bello UniversityZariaNigeria Department of Paediatrics Imo State University Teaching HospitalOrluNigeria Department of Paediatrics University of JosJosNigeria World Health Organization Country OfficeKampalaUganda

Background:In acute falciparum malaria,asexual parasite reduction ratio two days post-treatment initiation(PRRD2)≥10000 per cycle has been used as a measure of the rapid clearance of parasitaemia and efficacy of artemisinin ***,there is little evaluation of alternative measures;for example,parasite reduction ratio one day after treatment initiation(PRRD1)and its relationship with parasite clearance time(PCT)or *** study evaluated the use of PRRD1 as a measure of responsiveness to antimalarial ***:In acutely malarious children treated with artesunate-amodiaquine(AA),artemether-lumefantrine(AL)or dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine(DHP),the relationships between PRRD1 or PRRD2 and PCT,and between PRRD1 and PRRD2 were evaluated using linear *** between estimates of PCT using PRRD1 and PRRD2 linear regression equations was evaluated using the Bland-Altman *** of PRRD1>5000 per half cycle and PRRD2≥10000 per cycle were evaluated using stepwise multiple logistic regression *** the linear regression equation of the relationship between PRRD1 and PCT previously generated in half of the DHP-treated children during the early study phase,PCT estimates were compared in a prospective blinded manner with PCTs determined by microscopy during the later study phase in the remaining ***:In 919 malarious children,PRRD1 was significantly higher in DHP-and AA-treated compared with AL-treated children(P15months,parasitaemia>10000/μl and DHP treatment independently predicted PRRD1>5000 per half cycle,while age>30months,haematocrit≥31%,body temperature>37.4°C,parasi

关键词： Falciparum malaria Artemisinin-based combination therapies Parasite clearance Children Nigeria

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Declining responsiveness of childhood Plasmodium falciparum infections to artemisinin-based combination treatments ten years following deployment as first-line antimalarials in Nigeria

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2019年第4期8卷 96-97页

作者： Akintunde Sowunmi Godwin Ntadom Kazeem Akano Folasade O.Ibironke Adejumoke I.Ayede Chimere Agomo Onikepe A.Folarin Grace O.Gbotosho Christian Happi Stephen Oguche Henrietta U.Okafor Martin Meremikwu Philip Agomo William Ogala Ismaila Watila Olugbenga Mokuolu Finomo Finomo Joy C.Ebenebe Nma Jiya Jose Ambe robinson wammanda George Emechebe Wellington Oyibo Francis Useh Temitope Aderoyeje Titilope M.Dokunmu Omobolaji T.Alebiosu Sikiru Amoo Oluwabunmi K.Basorun Olubunmi A.Wewe Chukwuebuka Okafor Odafe Akpoborie Bayo Fatunmbi Elsie O.Adewoye Nnenna M.Ezeigwe Ayoade Oduola Antimalarial Therapeutic Efficacy Monitoring Group National Malaria Elimination ProgrammeThe Federal Ministry of HealthAbujaNigeria Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics University of IbadanIbadanNigeria 不详

Background:The development and spread of artemisinin-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Greater Mekong Subregion has created impetus for continuing global monitoring of efficacy of artemisinin-based combination therapies(ACTs). This post analyses is aimed to evaluate changes in early treatment response markers 10 years after the adoption of ACTs as first-line treatments of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in ***: At 14 sentinel sites in six geographical areas of Nigeria, we evaluated treatment responses in 1341 children under 5 years and in additional 360 children under 16 years with uncomplicated malaria enrolled in randomized trials of artemether-lumefantrine versus artesunate-amodiaquine at 5-year interval in 2009-2010 and 2014-2015 and at 2-year interval in 2009-2010 and 2012-2015, respectively after deployment in ***: Asexual parasite positivity 1 day after treatment initiation (APPD1) rose from 54 to 62% and 2 days after treatment initiation from 5 to 26% in 2009-2010 to 2014-2015(P=0.002 and P 75 000 μl^-1, haematocrit > 27% 1 day post-treatment initiatiortreatment with artemether-lumefantrine and enrolment in 2014-2015 independently predicted APPD1. In paralle , Kaplan-Meier estimated risk of recurrent infections by day 28 rose from 8 to 14% (P=0005) and from 9 to 15%(P=0.02) with artemether-lumefantrine and artesunate-amodiaquine, respectively. Mean asexual parasitaemia half-life increased significantly from 1.1 h to 1.3h within 2 years (P<0.0001).Conclusions:These data indicate declining parasitological responses through time to the two ACTs may be due to emergence of parasites with r

关键词： Declining responsiveness Falciparum malaria Children Artemisinin-based combination treatment Nigeria

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Integrative Medicine——Traditional Chinese Medicine,A Model?

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2011年第1期17卷 21-25页

作者： Nicola robinson Faculty of Health and Human Sciences Thames Valley UniversityUnited Kingdom

The paper explores the concept of integrative medicine（IM） in relation to complementary and alternative medicine（CAM）.It contrasts IM available in China to its availability in the *** second part of the paper highlights tools which could facilitate opportunities for *** paper concludes with a plea to ensure and maintain the integrity of traditional Chinese medical practice,and to continue to increase developing the evidence base through a funded European Coordination Action between EU member states and China.

关键词： integrative medicine traditional Chinese medicine evidence based medicine

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Methodological Approaches to Developing and Establishing the Body of Evidence on Post-marketing Chinese Medicine Safety

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2013年第7期19卷 494-497页

作者：廖星 Nicola robinson Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Faculty of Health and Social Care London South Bank University

ABSTRACT Evidence based medicine demands the highest form of scientific evidence to demonstrate the efficacy and clinical effectiveness for any therapeutic intervention in order to provide best care. It is however accepted that in the absence of scientific evidence, personal experience and expert opinion together with professional judgement are critical. Obtaining evidence for drug safety, post- marketing surveillance （PMS） has focussed on follow up of observational cohorts exposed to a particular drug in order to estimate the incidence of adverse drug reactions （ADRs）. Evidence on PMS of Chinese herbal products is still limited, in particular for herbal injections. The aim of this article is to suggest a new model of ascertaining the safety of Chinese medicine using a more comprehensive approach for collecting data. To collect safety data on the Chinese herbal injection, Kudiezi, a mixed methods approach is proposed using 18 hospital information systems to detectADRs in order to prospectively observe 30,000 patients over 3 years. Evidence will also be collected using a questionnaire survey and through a sample of semi structured interviews. This information based on the expert opinion and the experience of clinicians will produce additional data on the frequency and types of side effects in clinical practice. Furthermore semi structured interviews with a random sample of patients receiving the injection will be carried out to ascertain any potential side effects missed. It is hoped that this comprehensive approach to data collection will accumulate wider evidence based on individual traditional Chinese medicine care and treatment and provide important feedback to the national data collection system to ensure completeness of ADR data recording, monitoring and any potential wider effects through developing improved ADR guidelines.

关键词： post-marketing medicine Chinese medicine observational study expert opinion evidence

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Regeneration of pitch pine (Pinus rigida) stands inhibited by fire suppression in Albany Pine Bush Preserve, New York

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Journal of Forestry Research 2019年第1期30卷 233-242页

作者： Chang-Seok Lee George R.robinson Ingrid P.robinson Hansol Lee Department of Bio and Environment Technology Seoul Women's University State University of New York at Albany State University of New York

The Pine Barrens in New York State are dominated by pitch pine(Pinus ridgida) and scrub oaks(Quercus ilicifolia and Q. prinoides). With fire suppression over the last 90 years or so, P. rigida regeneration has become sparse, even in areas set aside to preserve this type of vegetation. We evaluated the effects of fire and an alternative disturbance(mechanical removal of vegetation)for increasing P. rigida regeneration in the Albany Pine Bush Preserve in eastern New York State. By comparing cover, diameter and height of P. rigida, Q. ilicifolia, ***, and Vaccinium spp.(blueberry) growing on the sites with a known fire history, we documented structural and compositional changes in the vegetation since its establishment. We also compared sites on which Quercus sprouts were controlled through mechanical removal. In the years following a disturbance, height and cover of Q. ilicifolia increased continuously and the species became increasingly competitive. Both the density of P. rigida seedlings and Vaccinium cover decreased significantly as the diameter and height of Quercus increased. Our results confirmed that the dominance by P. rigida could be attributed to periodic fires at intervals of 20–25 years. We conclude that removing Q. ilicifolia can favor P. rigida dominance on the barren without fire by releasing pine seedlings from competition.

关键词： Fire Mechanical removal Pine barren Pinus rigida Quercus ilicifolia Quercus prinoides Regeneration Safe site

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Design of Buoys for Mounting Wind Turbines at Exposed Sites

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2018年第2期17卷 257-266页

作者： ERDOGAN Beytullah CELIKKOL Barbaros SWIFT robinson Department of Mechanical Engineering Bülent Ecevit UniversityZonguldak 67200Turkey Department of Mechanical Engineering University of New HampshireDurhamNH 03824USA

In this study, two designs for a buoy capable of supporting a 10 kW wind turbine and its tower were developed to operate at the University of New Hampshire's Center of Ocean Renewable Energy testing site located off the Isles of Shoals, New Hampshire. The buoys are to be moored by a catenary chain system. To evaluate wave response, two Froude-scaled models were constructed, tested, and compared at the Ocean Engineering wave tank at the University of New Hampshire. These buoys have been implemented and compared with wave tank measurements of the spar displacement at a reference elevation 2.44 m above the mean water level.

关键词： wind energy ocean wave buoy

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Genetics in medical school curriculum:A look at the University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2008年第1期9卷 10-15页

作者： Deanne M. robinson Chin-To FONG Department of Pediatrics University of Rochester School of Medicine and DentistryRochesterNY 14642USA

Genetics is assuming an increasingly important role in medicine. As a result,the teaching of genetics should also be increased proportionally to ensure that future physicians will be able to take advantage of the new genetic technology,and to understand the associated ethical,legal and social issues. At the University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry,we have been able to incorporate genetic education into a four-year medical curriculum in a fully integrated fashion. This model may serve as a template for other medical curriculum still in development.

关键词： Genetics education Medical education Curriculum reform

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Endocytosis： Is There Really a Recycling from Late Endosomes？

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Molecular Plant 2015年第10期8卷 1554-1556页

作者： David G. robinson Centre for Organismal Studies University Heidelberg 69120 Heidelberg Germany

Dear Editor,Over the last 15 years endocytosis has moved from being a process of only minor importance to plant physiologists to being one of the most exciting research areas in plant cell biology. These days, nobody doubts the operation of clathrin-mediated endocytosis as a mechanism for the internalization of a range of physiologically important transmembrane protein complexes at the plasma membrane （PM） of plant cells. These include both receptors and transporters. As in animal cells, most of these proteins are constitutively recycled back to the PM from an early endosome （EE）. However, some are destined for degradation and proceed further downstream in the endocytic pathway to late endosomes （LE）, where they are internalized into the intraluminal vesicles of the LE. Fusion of the LE with the lysosome/vacuole releases the vesicles leading to their degradation. The signal that marks PM proteins for degradation has been known in mammalian and yeast cells for quite some time and is polyubiquitination （Mukhopadhyay and Riezman, 2007）. In their Spotlight article, Zelazny and Vert （2015） highlight recent publications from the plant field that also demonstrate a key role for multiple monoubiquitination in the endocytosis of the metal transporters IRT1 （Barberon et al., 2011）, BOR1 （Kasai et al., 2011）, as well as lysine63-1inked polyubiquitination in vacuolar sorting of the auxin transporter PIN2 （Leitner et al., 2012）. They also draw attention to the discovery of a ubiquitin-binding protein （FREE1 ; also termed FYVE1 by Barberon et al., 2014） which locates to the LE in plant cells and is part of the ESCRT-I （endosomal sorting complex for transport） complex （Gao et al., 2014）. This complex sequesters ubiquitinated membrane cargo proteins and internalizes them. Finally, Zelazny and Vert draw attention to the work of Ivanov et al. （2014） in showing an increase in IRT1 degradation and iron deficiency in SNX1 mutants. So far so good, but Zelazny and Vert go on to conclude

关键词： soundness scenario consider

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Classification of different sustainable flood retention basin types

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2010年第6期22卷 898-903页

作者： Michelle robinson Miklas Scholz Nicolas Bastien Jennifer Carfrae Scottish Agricultural College Peter Wilson Building Institute for Infrastructure and Environment School of EngineeringThe University of EdinburghWilliam Rankine Building School of Built Environment Heriot-Watt University

Using a revised version of a previously published expert classification system, a database of potential Sustainable Flood Retention Basins has been developed for Scotland. The research shows that the majority of small and former （often old） drinking water reservoirs are kept full and their spillways are continuously in operation. Utilising some of the available capacity to contribute to flood control could significantly reduce the costs of complying with the European Union Flood Directive. Furthermore, the application of a previously developed classification model for Baden in Germany for the Scottish data set showed a lower diversity for basins in Scotland due to less developed infrastructure. The classification system appears to be robust and has the potential, with minor modifications, to be applied across Europe. The principle value of this approach is a clear and unambiguous categorisation, based on standard variables, which can help to promote communication and understanding between stakeholders.

关键词： classification system diffuse pollution control principal component analysis runoff control sustainable flood retention basin

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Photonic crystal ring resonator based add-drop filter using hexagonal rods for CWDM systems

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Optoelectronics Letters 2011年第3期7卷 164-166页

作者： robinson S Nakkeeran R Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Pondicherry Engineering College

In this paper,theoretical analysis of two-dimensional photonic crystal ring resonator(2D PCRR) based add-drop filter(ADF) is presented for coarse wavelength division multiplexing(CWDM) system to drop a channel at 1511 nm using hexagonal rods that are positioned in the square *** 2D finite difference time domain(2D FDTD) method and plane wave expansion(PWE) method are used for obtaining the filter response and band structure of the filter *** to 100 dropping and coupling efficiencies at 1511 nm and 16 nm of bandwidth are observed through *** is very well meeting the requirement of ITU-T G.694.2 standard,which is specified for metro access and short haul optical *** overall size of the proposed filter is 11.4 μm×11.4 μ*** can also be used in integrated optics.

关键词：二维光子晶体 WDM系统滤波器谐振环纳米通道时域有限差分粗波分复用平面波展开

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