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Individual differences in boldness positively correlate with heart rate in orb-weaving spiders of genus Larinioides

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Current Zoology 2014年第3期60卷 387-391页

作者： taylor A. SHEARER Jonathan n. PRUIT Department of Biological Sciences University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15260 USA

Recent years have seen a dramatic increase in the number of studies devoted to consistent individual differences in behavior, termed ＂behavioral syndromes＂ or animal ＂personality＂. In particular, ecologists and evolutionary biologists alike seek to explore the functional consequences of individuals＇ personalities and explanations for their general maintenance. Understand ing the mechanistic underpinnings to personality is arguably key to a deeper understanding of their functional consequences and maintenance. In particular, consistent individual differences in metabolic rate have been proposed as a general explanation for the maintenance of consistent individual differences in boldness, aggressiveness, and activity level. In this paper we explore whether consistent individual differences in boldness are associated with heat rate, a proxy for metabolic rate, in two species of orbweaving spider： Larinioides cornutus and L. patagiatus. We first documented consistent individual differences in boldness in L. cornutus but not L. patagiatus, as estimated by individuals＇ latency to resume movement following an aversive stimulus. We also measured individuals＇ heart rate twice in a separate situation. We then tested for an association between individuals＇ boldness and their heart rate during these two events. We found that increased boldness was associated with increased heart. Thus, indi viduals that resumed movement quickly following an aversive stimulus also exhibited faster heart rates. Our studies provide fur ther evidence that consistent individual differences in key physiological attributes, like metabolic rate, might be a general mecha nism underlying consistent individual differences in behavior .

关键词： Araneae Aggression Pace of life syndrome Temperament

Heterotrophic ammonium removal characteristics of an aerobic heterotrophic nitrifying-denitrifying bacterium, Providencia rettgeri YL

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2009年第10期21卷 1336-1341页

作者： taylor Shauna M School of Environmental Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University

Bacterium Providencia rettgeri YL was found to exhibit an unusual ability to heterotrophically nitrify and aerobically denitrify various concentrations of ammonium （nH4^＋-n）. In order to further understand its removal ability, several experiments were conducted to identify the growth and ammonium removal response at different carbon to nitrogen （C/n） mass ratios, shaking speeds, temperatures, ammonium concentrations and to qualitatively verify the production of nitrogen gas using gas chromatography techniques. Results showed that under optimum conditions （C/n 10, 30℃, 120 r/min）, YL can significantly remove low and high concentrations of ammonium within 12 to 48 h of growth, respectively. The nitrification products hydroxylamine （nHzOH）, nitrite （nO2^-） and nitrate （nO3^-） as well as the denitrification product, nitrogen gas （n2）, were detected under completely aerobic conditions.

关键词： Providencia rettgeri YL heterotrophic ammonium removal aerobic denitrification

Patterns of sperm use by twice-mated female Queensland fruit flies

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Insect Science 2022年第4期29卷 1159-1169页

作者： Jason Shadmany Siu F.Lee Thu n.M.nguyen Phillip W.taylor Applied BioSciences Macquarie UniversityNorth RydeNSWAustralia CSIRO Land and Water Black MountainACTAustralia School of BioSciences University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia

Multiple mating by females,polyandry,is common in insects,including in tephritid fruit *** insects that remate commonly store sperm of multiple *** the sperm of different males contribute to paternity is an important element of sexual *** behavior and reproduction of the Queensland fruit fly(Qfly),Bactrocera tryoni,has been extensively investigated both in relation to understanding this economically important species’reproductive biology and in relation to implications for Sterile Insect Technique(SIT),whereby sterile flies are released to constrain reproduction of pest *** numerous studies of pre-and postcopulatory sexual selection in Qfly,there have been no direct studies of paternity patterns in polyandrous female *** used two morphologically distinguishable lines to investigate patterns of sperm use in *** two lines showed comparable mating performance evidenced by similar mating and remating frequency,copula duration,and proportion of second mate paternity(P2)between reciprocal *** mechanism of sperm usage,with P2 close to 0.5 immediately after the second mating followed by gradual decrease of P2 as females aged,is most consistent with stratification or repositioning of *** observed in the present study are compared with the available information from other tephritid fruit flies,and are discussed in relation to this species’reproductive biology,known patterns of sperm storage,and SIT.

关键词： muliple mating polyandry sperm competition sperm pecedence Tephritidac

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Prime gradient noise

Computational Visual Media 2021年第3期7卷 349-362页

作者： Sheldon taylor Owen Sharpe Jiju Peethambaran Graphics&Spatial Computing Lab Dept.of Math&CSSaint Mary’s UniversityHailifaxNSCanadaB3H3C3

Procedural noise functions are fundamental tools in computer graphics used for synthesizing virtual geometry and texture ***,a procedural noise function should be compact,aperiodic,parameterized,and randomly *** lattice noise functions such as Perlin noise,however,exhibit periodicity due to the axial correlation induced while hashing the lattice vertices to the *** this paper,we introduce a parameterized lattice noise called prime gradient noise(PGn)that minimizes discernible periodicity in the noise while enhancing the algorithmic *** utilizes prime gradients,a set of random unit vectors constructed from subsets of prime numbers plotted in polar coordinate *** map axial indices of lattice vertices to prime gradients,PGn employs Szudzik pairing,a bijection F:n2→*** of Szudzik pairing functions are used in higher *** the core of PGn is the ability to parameterize noise generation though prime sequence offsetting which facilitates the creation of fractal noise with varying levels of heterogeneity ranging from homogeneous to hybrid multifractals.A comparative spectral analysis of the proposed noise with other noises including lattice noises show that PGn significantly reduces axial correlation and hence,periodicity in the noise *** demonstrate the utility of the proposed noise function with several examples in procedural modeling,parameterized pattern synthesis,and solid texturing.

关键词： procedural noise procedural texture Perlin noise prime numbers

Total organic halogen(TOX) in human urine: A halogen-specific method for human exposure studies

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第8期29卷 285-295页

作者： Susana Y.Kimura Weiwei Zheng taylor n.Hipp Joshua M.Allen Susan D.Richardson Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of South Carolina Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety Ministry of Education Department of Environmental Health School of Public Health Fudan University

Disinfection by-products（DBPs） are a complex mixture of compounds unintentionally formed as a result of disinfection processes used to treat drinking water. Effects of long-term exposure to DBPs are mostly unknown and were the subject of recent epidemiological studies. However,most bioanalytical methods focus on a select few DBPs. In this study, a new comprehensive bioanalytical method has been developed that can quantify mixtures of organic halogenated compounds, including DBPs, in human urine as total organic chlorine（TOCl）, total organic bromine（TOBr）, and total organic iodine（TOI）. The optimized method consists of urine dilution, adsorption to activated carbon, pyrolysis of activated carbon, absorption of gases in an aqueous solution, and halide analysis with ion chromatography and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Spike recoveries for TOCl, TOBr, and TOI measurements ranged between 78% and 99%. Average TOCl, TOBr, and TOI concentrations in five urine samples from volunteers who consumed tap water were 1850, 82, and 21.0 μg/L as X^-, *** who consumed spring water（control） had TOCl, TOBr, and TOI average concentrations in urine of 1090, 88, and 10.3 μg/L as X^-, respectively. TOCl and TOI in the urine samples from tap water consumers were higher than the control. However, TOBr was slightly lower in tap water urine samples compared to mineral water urine samples, indicating other sources of environmental exposure other than drinking water. A larger sample population that consumes tap water from different cities and mineral water is needed to determine TOCl, TOBr, and TOI exposure from drinking water.

关键词： Adsorbable organic halogen(AOX) Total organic halogen(TOX) Disinfection by-products(DBPs) Total organic chlorine(TOCl) Total organic bromine(TOBr) Total organic iodine(TOI) Urine Drinking water

Cuticular bacteria appear detrimental to social spiders in mixed but not monoculture exposure

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Current Zoology 2016年第4期62卷 377-384页

作者： Carl n. KEISER taylor A. SHEARER lexander E. DEMARCO Hayley A. BRITTInGHAM Karen A. KnUTSOn Candice Kuo Katherine ZHAO Jonathan n. PRUITT Department of Biological Sciences University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 15260 USA

Much of an animal＇s health status, life history, and behavior are dictated by interactions with its endogenous and exogenous bacterial communities. Unfortunately, interactions between hosts and members of their resident bacterial community are often ignored in animal behavior and behavioral ecology. Here, we aim to identify the nature of host-microbe interactions in a nonmodel organism, the African social spider Stegodyphus dumicola. We collected and identified bacteria from the cuticles of spiders in situ and then exposed spiders to bacterial monocultures cultures via topical application or injection. We also topically inoculated spiders with a concomitant ＂cocktail＂ of bacteria and measured the behavior of spiders daily for 24 days after inoculation. Lastly, we collected and identified bacteria from the cuticles of prey items in the capture webs of spiders, and then fed spiders domestic crickets which had been injected with these bacteria. We also injected 1 species of prey-borne bacteria into the hemolymph of spiders. Only Bacillus thuringiensis caused increased mortality when injected into the hemolymph of spiders, whereas no bacterial monocultures caused increased mortality when applied topically, relative to control solutions. However, a bacterial cocktail of cuticular bacteria caused weight loss and mortality when applied topically, yet did not detectibly alter spider behavior. Consuming prey injected with prey-borne bacteria was associated with an elongated lifespan in spiders. Thus, indirect evidence from multiple experiments suggests that the effects of these bacteria on spider survivorship appear contingent on their mode of colonization and whether they are applied in monoculture or within a mixed cocktail. We urge that follow-up studies should test these host-microbe interactions across different social contexts to determine the role that microbes play in colony performance.

关键词： cuticular bacteria sickness behavior social spider Stegodyphus dumicola.

Resident involvement in the prostatic urethral lift:implementing innovative technology in an academic setting

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2021年第6期23卷 616-620页

作者： Ridwan Alam Matthew J Rabinowitz taylor P Kohn Vanessa n Peña James L Liu Yasin Bhanji Amin S Herati Department of Urology The James Buchanan Brady Urological InstituteJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD 21287USA

Adoption of the prostatic urethral lift(PUL)as a treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia highlights the importance of training residents with novel technology without compromising patient *** study examines the effect of resident involvement during PUL on patient and procedural *** chart review was conducted on all consecutive PUL cases performed by a single academic urologist between October 2017 and november *** in post-graduate year(PGY)1–3 are considered junior residents,while those in PGY 4–6 are senior *** International Prostate Symptom Score(IPSS)and quality of life(QOL)scores were used to measure *** and mixed-effects linear regression models were used to compare *** were 110 patients with a median age of 66.4 *** were involved in 73 cases(66.4%),and senior residents were involved in 31 of those *** involvement was not associated with adverse perioperative outcomes with respect to the number of implants fired,the percentage of implants successfully placed,or the postoperative catheterization *** adjustment for confounding factors,junior residents were associated with significantly longer case length compared to the attending alone(+12.6 min,P=0.003)but senior residents were not(+2.4 min,P=0.59).IPSS and QOL scores were not significantly affected by resident involvement(P=0.12 and P=0.21,respectively).The presence of surgeons-in-training,particularly those in the early stages,prolongs PUL case length but does not appear to have an adverse impact on patient outcomes.

关键词： internship and residency operative time prostatic hyperplasia prostheses and implants quality of life

Synthesis of Silsesquioxane Cages from Phenyl-cis-tetrol, 1,3-Divinyltetraethoxydisiloxane and Cyclopentyl Resins

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Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 2004年第4期20卷 433-436页

作者： Alan R. Bassindale Peter G. taylor Department of Chemistry Open UniversityDepartment of Chemistry Open University Walton Hall Milton Keynes MK7 6AA UKWalton Hall Milton Keynes MK7 6AA UK

The synthesis of T_8, T_ 10 and T_ 12 silsesquioxane cages from a range of starting materials: phenyl-cis-tetrol, 1,3-divinyltetraethoxydisiloxane and cyclopentyl T resins by using tetra n-butylammonium fluoride(TBAF) as the catalyst is described in this paper. The reaction yields obtained viathe current route are better compared to those viathe literature routes. Some of the cage compounds have been characterized by X-ray crystallography.

关键词： Synthesis Silsesquioxane cage Phenyl-cis-tetrol 1,3-Divinyltetraethoxydisiloxane Cyclopentyl T resin

Magnetospheric Boundary Layer Structure and Dynamics as Seen From Cluster and Double Star Measurements

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空间科学学报 2013年第6期33卷 577-603页

作者： Y V Bogdanova C J Owen M W Dunlop M G G T taylor A n Fazakerley Space Science and Technology Department RALChiltonDidcotOxfordshireOX11 0QXUK Mullard Space Science Laboratory University College LondonHolmbury St.MaryDorkingSurreyRH5 6NTUK Science and Robotic Exploration Directorate ESA/ESTECNoordwijkThe Netherlands

In this review,we discuss the structure and dynamics of the magnetospheric LowLatitude Boundary Layer(LLBL)based on recent results from multi-satellite missions Cluster and Double *** boundary layer,adjacent to the magnetopause on the magnetospheric side,usually consists of a mixture of plasma of magnetospheric and magnetosheath origins,and plays an important role in the transfer of mass and energy from the solar wind into the magnetosphere and subsequent magnetospheric *** southward Interplanetary Magnetic Field(IMF)conditions,this boundary layer is generally considered to be formed as a result of the reconnection process between the IMF and magnetospheric magnetic field lines at the dayside magnetopause,and the structure and plasma properties inside the LLBL can be understood in terms of the time history since the reconnection *** northward IMF conditions,the LLBL is usually thicker,and has more complex structure and *** observations confirm that the LLBL observed at the dayside can be formed by single lobe reconnection,dual lobe reconnection,or by sequential dual lobe reconnection,as well as partially by localized cross-field *** LLBL magnetic topology and plasma signatures inside the different sub-layers formed by these processes are discussed in this *** role of the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability in the formation of the LLBL at the flank magnetopause is also ***,we conclude that the LLBL observed at the flanks can be formed by the combination of processes,(dual)lobe reconnection and plasma mixing due to non-linear Kelvin-Helmholtz waves.

关键词：边界层结构磁层顶双星群集国际货币基金组织等离子体特性测量拓扑结构