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Recent advances in the systemic treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumors

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Cancer Biology & Medicine 2023年第10期20卷 701-705页

作者： robin l.j.nes Marin Golcic Sarcoma Unit The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Cancer ResearchFulham RoadLondon SW36JJUnited Kingdom Clinic for Tumors Clinical Hospital CenterRijeka 51000Croatia

Historical overview of the treatment for advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GISTs)GISTs represent a relatively rare entity;however,GISTs are still the most common mesenchymal neoplasm in the gastrointestinal *** majority of GISTs express the transmembrane receptor,KIT,a product of the KIT proto-oncogene that can lead to uncontrolled cell proliferation and resistance to apoptosis1-3.

关键词： gastrointestinal tumors treatment

Association of Varroa destructor females in multiply infested cells of the honeybee Apis mellifera

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Insect Science 2019年第1期26卷 128-134页

作者： Alexis l.Beaurepaire james D.Ellis Klemens j.Krieger robin F.A.Moritz Institut for Biologie Martin-Luther-University Halle-WittenbergHalle a.d.SaaleGermany UR 406 Abeilles et Environnement INRACentre de Recherche Provence-Alpes-Cote d'AzurAvignonFrance Entomology &Nematology Department University Florida GainesvilleFloridaUSA Bayer Animal Health GmbH LeverkusenGermany Department of Zoology and Entomology University of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa

The genetic diversity of Varroa destructor (Anderson &Trueman)is limited outside its natural range due to population bottlenecks and its propensity to *** light of the arms race between *** and its honeybee (Apis mellifera l.)host, any mechanism enhancing population admixture of the mite may be *** way that admixture can occur is when two genetically dissimilar mites coinvade a brood cell, with the progeny of the foundresses *** determined the relatedness of 393 pairs of *** foundresses,each pair collected from a single bee brood cell (n =five colonies).We used six microsatellites to identify the genotypes of mites coinvading a cell and calculated the frequency of pairs with different or the same *** found no deviation from random coinvasion,but the frequency of cells infested by mites with different genotypes was *** rate of recombination,coupled with a high transmission rate of mites,homogenized the allelic pool of mites within the apiary.

关键词： Apis mellifera host-parasite coevolution inbreeding avoidance mating behavior population genetics Varroa destructor

The flattening of spacetime hierarchy of the N,N-dimethyltryptamine brain state is characterized by harmonic decomposition of spacetime(HADES) framework

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National Science Review 2024年第5期11卷 46-55页

作者： jakub Vohryzek joana Cabral Christopher Timmermann Selen Atasoy leor Roseman David j.Nutt robin l.Carhart-Harris Gustavo Deco Morten l.Kringelbach Centre for Eudaimonia and Human Flourishing Linacre CollegeDepartment of Psychiatry University of Oxford Department of Psychiatry University of Oxford Center for Music in the Brain Aarhus University Center for Brain and Cognition Computational Neuroscience GroupDepartment of Information and Communication TechnologiesUniversitat Pompeu Fabra life and Health Sciences Research Institute School of MedicineUniversity of Minho ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate laboratory Centre for Psychedelic Research Department of Brain Sciences Imperial College London Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry University of California San Francisco Institució Catalana de la Recerca i Estudis Avan?ats (ICREA) Department of Neuropsychology Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences School of Psychological Sciences Monash University

The human brain is a complex system, whose activity exhibits flexible and continuous reorganization across space and time. The decomposition of whole-brain recordings into harmonic modes has revealed a repertoire of gradient-like activity patterns associated with distinct brain functions. However, the way these activity patterns are expressed over time with their changes in various brain states remains unclear. Here, we investigate healthy participants taking the serotonergic psychedelic N,N-dimethyltryptamine(DMT) with the Harmonic Decomposition of Spacetime(HADES) framework that can characterize how different harmonic modes defined in space are expressed over time. HADES demonstrates significant decreases in contributions across most low-frequency harmonic modes in the DMT-induced brain state. When normalizing the contributions by condition(DMT and non-DMT), we detect a decrease specifically in the second functional harmonic, which represents the uni-to transmodal functional hierarchy of the brain,supporting the leading hypothesis that functional hierarchy is changed in psychedelics. Moreover, HADES'dynamic spacetime measures of fractional occupancy, life time and latent space provide a precise description of the significant changes of the spacetime hierarchical organization of brain activity in the psychedelic state.

关键词： spatio-temporal brain dynamics DMT harmonic modes

Hydrothermal base catalyzed depolymerization and conversion of technical lignin-An introductory review

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Carbon Resources Conversion 2019年第1期2卷 59-71页

作者： Malte Otromke robin j.White jorg Sauer Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology(IKFT) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT)Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany Sustainable Catalytic Materials Group Division Hydrogen TechnologiesFraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISEHeidenhofstr.279110 FreiburgGermany GmbH Group Process TechnologyFrankfurt am MainGermany

lignin represents the most significant potential source of sustainable aromatic ***,the vast majority of technical lignin could be sourced from industrial paper production and in particular the Kraft process,where it is conventionally combusted for chemicals recovery and heat generation(*** plant operation).While in recent years several efforts have concerned the conversion of native lignin(*** found in nature)during biomass processing,there has also been significant focus on the“Base Catalyzed”conversion of technical *** process is of significant interest,since it could be potentially integrated into existing Kraft mill *** following review paper focuses on the development of the hydrothermal base catalyzed depolymerization(HBCD)of lignin,as a basis to produce valuable chemical *** will be placed on NaOH catalyzed reactions in the aqueous phase,as this approach is considered the most *** is placed on reaction conditions and characterization of monomeric aromatic compounds from the HBCD ***,as largest product fraction,is also considered,however,these are seldom analyzed in detail in the literature and ideas on further use are *** review also addresses findings in literature concerning the assessment of the solid,liquid,and gas product streams arising from *** this paper,process conditions for HBCD reactions can be derived and it is shown that the solid phase has a high potential for further valorization and downstream processing.

关键词： catalyzed polymerization lignin

Particle flow simulations with homogenised lattice Boltzmann methods

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Particuology 2017年第5期15卷 1-13页

作者： Mathias j. Krause Fabian Klemens Thomas Henn robin Trunk Hermann Nirschl Institute for Applied and Numerical Mathematics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology 76021 Karlsruhe Germany Institute for Mechanical Process Engineering and Mechanics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology 76021 Karlsruhe Germany

An alternative approach to simulating arbitrarily shaped particles submersed in viscous fluid in two dimensions is proposed, obtained by adapting the velocity parameter of the equilibrium distribution function of a standard lattice Boltzmann method （lBM）. Comparisons of exemplifying simulations to results in the literature validate the approach as well as the convergence analysis. Pressure fluctuations occurring in ladd＇s approach are greatly reduced. In comparison with the immersed boundary method, this approach does not require cost intensive interpolations. The parallel efficiency of lBM is retained. An intrinsic momentum transfer is observed during particle-particle collisions. To demonstrate the capa- bilities of the approach, sedimentation of particles of several shapes is simulated despite omitting an explicit particle collision model.

关键词： Particulate flow simulationsArbitrarily shaped particleslattice Boltzmann methodsValidationSedimentation processes

Profiling elite male 100-m sprint performance:The role of maximum velocity and relative acceleration

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journal of Sport and Health Science 2022年第1期11卷 75-84页

作者： robin Healy Ian C.Kenny Andrew j.Harrison Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences University of LimerickV94 T9PXIreland Department of Sport and Health Sciences Athlone Institute of TechnologyN37 HD68Ireland Health Research Institute University of LimerickLimerickV94 T9PXIreland

Purpose:This study aimed to determine the accuracy of a 4 split time modelling method to generate velocity-time and velocity-distance variables in elite male 100-m sprinters and subsequently to assess the roles of key sprint parameters with respect to 100-m sprint ***,this study aimed to assess the differences between faster and slower sprinters in key sprint variables that have not been assessed in previous ***:Velocity-time and velocity-distance curves were generated using a mono-exponential function from 4 split times for 82 male sprinters during major athletics *** race variables-maximum velocity,the acceleration time constant(τ),and percentage of velocity lost(vloss)-were derived for each *** were divided into tertiles,based on 100-m time,with the first and third tertiles considered to be the faster and slower groups,respectively,to facilitate further ***:Modelled split times and velocities displayed excellent accuracy and close agreement with raw measures(range of mean bias was-0.2%to 0.2%,and range of intraclass correlation coefficients(ICCs)was 0.935 to 0.999)except for 10-m time(mean bias was 1.6%±1.3%,and the ICC was 0.600).The 100-m sprint performance time and all 20-m split times had a significant near-perfect negative correlation with maximum velocity(r≥-0.90)except for the 0 to 20-m split time,where a significantly large negative correlation was found(r=-0.57).The faster group had a significantly higher maximum velocity andτ(ploss(p=0.085).Conclusion:Coaches and researchers are encouraged to utilize the 4 split time method proposed in the current study to assess several key race variables that describe a sprinter’s performance capacities,which can be subsequently used to further inform training.

关键词： Deceleration Modelling Race phases Reaction time Split times

Some Effects of Rotation Rate on Planetary-Scale Wave Flows

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 1993年第3期10卷 296-306页

作者：李国庆 robin Kung Richard l.Pfeffer Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences.Beijing 100080 Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute. Florida State University. Tallahassee Florida U. S. A. Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute and Departmenl of Meteorology Florida Stare UniversityTallahassee Florida. U. S. A.

A series of experiments were performed in a rotating annulus of fluid to study effects of rotation rate on pianeta ry-scale baroclinic wave flows. The experiments reveal that change in rotation rate of fluid container causes variation in Rossby number and Taylor number in flows and leads to change in flow patterns and in phase and amplitude of quasi-stationary waves. For instance, with increasing rotation rate, amplitude of quasi-stationary waves increases and phase shifts upstream. On the contrary, with decreasing rotation rate, amplitude of quasi-stationary waves de creases and phase shifts downstream. In the case of the earth's atmosphere, although magnitude of variation in earth's rotation rate is very small, yet it causes a very big change in zonal velocity component of wind in the atmosphere and of currents in the ocean, and therefore causes a remarkable change in Rossby number and Taylor number determining regimes in planetary-scale geophysical flows. 1 he observation reveals that intensity and geographic location of subtropic anticyclones in both of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres change consistently with the variation in earth's rotation rate. The results of fluid experiments are consistent, qualitatively, with observed phenomena in the atmospheric circulation.

关键词： Effects of rotation. Planetary-scale wave flows. Annulus experiments

A Fluid Experiment of large-Scale Topography Effect on Baroclinic Wave Flows

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 1992年第1期9卷 17-28页

作者：李国庆 robin Kung Richard l.Pfeffer Institute of Atmospheric Physics Academia Sinica Beijing China Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute Florida State UniversityTallahassee Florida U. S. A. Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute and Department of Meteorology Florida State University TallahasseeFlorida U. S. A.he effects of topography on baroclinic wave flows are studied experimentally in a thermally driven rotating annulus of fluid.Fourier analysis and complex principal component (CPC) analysis of the experimental data show that due to topographic forcing the flow is bimodal rather than a single mode. Under suitable imposed experimental parameters near thermal Rossby number ROT = 0.1 and Taylor number Ta = 2.2 × 107 the large-scale topography produces low-frequency oscillation in the flow and rather long-lived flow pattern resembling blocking in the atmospheric circulation. The 'blocking' phenomenon is caused by the resonance of travelling waves and the quasi-stationary waves forced by topography.The large-scale topography transforms wavenumber-homogeneous flows into wavenumber-dispersed flows and the dispersed flows possess lower wavenumbers.

The effects of topography on baroclinic wave flows are studied experimentally in a thermally driven rotating annulus of *** analysis and complex principal component (CPC) analysis of the experimental data show that, due to topographic forcing, the flow is bimodal rather than a single mode. Under suitable imposed experimental parameters, near thermal Rossby number ROT = 0.1 and Taylor number Ta = 2.2 × 107, the large-scale topography produces low-frequency oscillation in the flow and rather long-lived flow pattern resembling blocking in the atmospheric circulation. The 'blocking' phenomenon is caused by the resonance of travelling waves and the quasi-stationary waves forced by *** large-scale topography transforms wavenumber-homogeneous flows into wavenumber-dispersed flows, and the dispersed flows possess lower wavenumbers.

关键词： A Fluid Experiment of large-Scale Topography Effect on Baroclinic Wave Flows

Evaluating the Ryman-laikre effect for marine stock enhancement and aquaculture

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Current Zoology 2016年第6期62卷 617-627页

作者： robin S. WAPlES Kjetil HINDAR Sten KARlSSON jeffrey j. HARD National Marine Fisheries Service Northwest Fisheries Science Center 2725 Montlake Boulevard East Seattle WA 98112 USA Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA) Trondheim 7485 Norway

The Ryman-laikre （R-l） effect is an increase in inbreeding and a reduction in total effective population size （NET） in a combined captive-wild system, which arises when a few captive parents produce large numbers of offspring. To facilitate evaluation of the R-l effect for scenarios that are relevant to marine stock enhancement and aquaculture, we extended the original R-l formula to explicitly account for several key factors that determine NeT, including the numbers of captive and wild adults, the ratio of captive to wild Ne/N （β）, productivity of captive and wild breeders, and removal of individuals from the wild for captive breeding. We show how to provide quantitative answers to questions such as： What scenarios lead to no loss of effective size？ What is the maximum effective size that can be achieved？ and What scenarios insure that NeTWill be no smaller than a specified value？ Important results include the following：（1） For large marine populations, the value of β becomes increasingly important as the captive contribution increases. Captive propagation will sharply reduce NeT unless the captive contribution is very small or β is very large （～10^3 or higher）. （2） Very large values of β are only possible if wild Ne/N is tiny. Therefore, large wild populations undergoing captive enhancement at even modest levels will suffer major reductions in effective size unless wild Ne is a tiny fraction of the census size （about 10 4 or lower）.

关键词： captive breeding effective population size inbreeding genetic drift.