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Estimation of 2-D and 3-D Fracture Densities from 1-D Data-Experimental and Field Results

Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2003年第4期77卷 491-503页

作者： XUJiandong robertd.jacobi InstituteofGeology ChinaSeismologicalBureauBeijing100029China DepartmentofGeology StateUniversityofNewYorkatBuffaloNY14260USA

2-D and 3-D densities of fractures are commonly used in mining safety design, natural gas and oil production in fractured reservoirs, and the characterization of subsurface flow and transportation systems in fractured rocks. However, many field data sets are collected in 1-D frequency (f) (e.g., scanlines and borehole data). We have developed an ARC/ INFO-based technology to calculate fracture frequency and densities for a given fracture network. A series of numerical simulations are performed in order to determine the optimal orientation of a scanline, along which the maximum fracture frequency of a fracture network can be obtained. We calculated the frequency (f) and densities (both D1 and D2) of 36 natural fracture trace maps, and investigated the statistical relationship between fracture frequency and fracture density D1, i.e. D1=1.340f+ 0.034. We derived analytical solutions for converting dimensional density (D1) to non-dimensional densities (D2 and D3) assuming that fracture length distribution follows an exponential or power law. A comparison between observed and calculated results based on the equations we developed shows that (1) there exists a linear relationship between fracture frequency and fracture density (D1), and this relationship can be used to estimate fracture density (D1) if the fracture frequency is determined from a scanline survey or from borehole data; (2) the analytical solutions we derived can accurately determine the non-dimensional 2-D fracture density (D2) in practice and 3-D fracture density (D3) in theory if the fracture length distribution function is assumed.

关键词： fracture frequency fracture density fracture network

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Vibrational Analysis of Oxygen Adsorption on Cs and CO Coadsorbate Precovered Ru(0001)Surface

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Chinese Physics Letters 1999年第6期16卷 428-430页

作者： HE Pei-mo Karl jacobi Department of Physics Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027 Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Faradayweg 4-6D-14195 BerlinGermany

Vibrational analysis of oxygen adsorption on the Cs and CO coadsorbate precovered Ru(0001)surface was carried out by means of high-resolution electron energy loss *** submonolayer Cs coverages on Ru(0001)j an appropriate amount of CO adsorption leads to formation of(2x2)-Cs+2CO *** oxygen adsorption on this Cs and CO coadsorbate precovered surface results in a remarkable change of high-resolution electron energy loss *** loss peak of C-O stretch mode for 2x2 island species decreases in intensity,which is accompanied by appearance of new bands at about 87 and 240 *** results show that Cs adatoms and CO molecules are rearranged upon oxygen adsorption,and are correlated with coexistence of bare surface CO and a mixed phase of Cs,CO,and O.

关键词： spectroscopy. adsorption Adsorption

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High-Resolution Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy of Cs Vibration on the Ru (0001) Surface

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Chinese Physics Letters 1998年第12期15卷 907-909页

作者： HE Pei-mo Karl jacobi Department of Physics Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027 Fiitz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Faradayweg 4-6D-14195 BerlinGermany

By using a newly implemented high-resolution electron energy loss spectrometer with better resolution,a new loss at a energy near to double energy of the Cs-Ru stretching vibration,and its dependence on Cs coverage for Cs overlayer on Ru(0001)were *** the energy is slightly smaller than the double energy of the Cs-Ru vibration(intrinsic loss),overtone excitation must be responsible for this new loss observed,but two-phonon process is not excluded.

关键词： stretching Electron slightly

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Deep resistivity "turnover" effect at oil generation "peak" in the Woodford Shale,Anadarko Basin,USA

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Petroleum Science 2019年第5期16卷 972-980页

作者： Ting Wang jacobi David College of Resources and Environment Yangtze UniversityWuhan 430100China School of Geology and Geophysics University of OklahomaNormanOK 73019USA ConocoPhillips Company Houston 77079USA State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of PetroleumBeijing 102249China Key Laboratory of Exploration Technology for Oil and Gas Research(Yangtze University) Ministry of EducationWuhan 430100China

The Devonian Woodford Shale in the Anadarko Basin is a highly organic,hydrocarbon source *** values of vitrinite reflectance(R_o)present in the Woodford Shale penetrated by 52 control wells were measured *** vitrinite reflectance values,when plotted against borehole resistivity for the middle member of the Woodford Shale in the wells,display a rarely reported finding that deep resistivity readings decrease as R_o increases when R_o is greater than 0.90%.This phenomenon may be attributed to that aromatic and resin compounds containing conjugated pi bonds generated within source rocks are more electrically conductive than aliphatic *** aromatic and resin fractions were generated more than aliphatic fraction when source rock maturity further increases beyond oil *** finding of the relationship between deep resistivity and R_o may re-investigate the previously found linear relationship between source rock formation and aid to unconventional play exploration.

关键词： Resistivity log Source rock thermal maturity Vitrinite reflectance Woodford Shale

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Transplacental induction of fatty acid oxidation in term fetal pigs by the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha agonist clofibrate

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2016年第3期7卷 341-352页

作者： Xi Lin Sheila jacobi Jack Odle Laboratory of Developmental Nutrition Department of Animal SciencesNorth Carolina State University

Background： To induce peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor α（PPARα） expression and increase milk fat utilization in pigs at birth, the effect of maternal feeding of the PPARα agonist, clofibrate（2-（4-chlorophenoxy）-2-methyl-propanoic acid, ethyl ester）, on fatty acid oxidation was examined at ful-term delivery（0 h） and 24 h after delivery in this *** group of pigs（n = 10） was delivered from pregnant sows fed a commercial diet with or without 0.8% clofibrate for the last 7 d of gestation. Blood samples were col ected from the utero-ovarian artery of the sows and the umbilical cords of the pigs as they were removed from the sows by C-section on day 113 of ***： HPLC analysis identified that clofibric acid was present in the plasma of the clofibrate-fed sow（~4.2 μg/m L）and its offspring（~1.5 μg/m L）. Furthermore, the maternal-fed clofibrate had no impact on the liver weight of the pigs at 0 h and 24 h, but hepatic fatty acid oxidation examined in fresh homogenates showed that clofibrate increased（P 〈 0.01）^14C-accumulation in CO2 and acid soluble products 2.9-fold from [1-^14C]-oleic acid and 1.6-fold from[1-^14C]-lignoceric acid respectively. Correspondingly, clofibrate increased fetal hepatic carnitine palmitoyltransferase（CPT）and acyl-Co A oxidase（ACO） activities by 36% and 42% over controls（P 〈 0.036）. The m RNA abundance of CPT I was 20-fold higher in pigs exposed to clofibrate（P 〈 0.0001） but no differences were detected for ACO and PPARα m RNA between the two ***： These data demonstrate that dietary clofibrate is absorbed by the sow, crosses the placental membrane, and enters fetal circulation to induce hepatic fatty acid oxidation by increasing the CPT and ACO activities of the newborn.

关键词： Clofibrate Fatty acid oxidation Pigs Placenta transfer

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Regulation of axonal remodeling following spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2015年第10期10卷 1555-1557页

作者： Anne jacobi Florence M.Bareyre Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology Ludwig-Maximilians Universit?t München Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (Sy Nergy)

Central nervous system injuries,such as spinal cord injury（SCI）,are a leading cause of disability in young *** generally have severe clinical consequences and often lead to loss of motor or sensory input below the s... 详细信息

关键词： Regulation of axonal remodeling following spinal cord injury STAT FGFR Figure CST

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Fractal and Multifractal Propertiesof the Spatial Distribution of Natural Fractures——Analyses and Applications

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 1999年第4期73卷 477-487页

作者： XU Jiandong QU Guosheng Robert D. jacobi Institute of Geology China Seismological Bureau Beijing 100029 PRC Department of Geology State University of New York at Buffalo USA

The Cantor's dust theory is applied to investigate the scaling properites of the spatial distribution of natural fractures obtained from detailed scanline surveys of 27 field sites in the Appalachian Plateau of western New York, USA. The results obtained in this study indicate: 1) fracture spacing is characterized by fractal and multifractal properties. On small scales analyses yield an average fractal dimension of 0.15, which suggests a very high degree of clustering. In contrast, on large scales, fractures tend to be more regular and evenly distributed with an average fracture dimension of 0.52; 2) fractal dimension varies with different sets in different orientations, which can be attributed to interactions between pre-existing fractures and younger ones, as well as variations of the intensity of the stresses under which the fractures were formed; 3) a time sequence of fracture set formation can be proposed based on fractal and multifractal analyses, which consists of (from old to young): N-S, NW, ENE, and NE-striking sets. This time sequence is confirmed by the study of the abutting relationships of different fracture sets observed in the field.

关键词： fractal multifractal fracture

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Characterizing Fracture Spatial Patterns by Using Semivariograms

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2002年第1期76卷 89-99页

作者：许建东 LIN Chiente R.D.jacobi Institute of Geology China Seismological Bureau Beijing 100029 China KAO YUAN Institute of Technology Kaohsiung Taiwan China Department of Geology 876 NSM Complex State University of New York at Buffalo NY 14260 USA

Semivariogram is applied to fracture data obtained from detailed scanlinesurveys of nine field sites in western New York, USA in order to investigate the spatial patterns ofnatural fractures. The length of the scanline is up to 36 m. How both fracture spacing and fracturelength vary with distance is determined through semivariogram calculations. In this study, theauthors developed a FORTRAN program to resample the fracture data from the scanline survey. Bycalculating experimental semivariogram, the authors found five different types of spatial patternsthat can be described by linear, spherical, reversed spherical, polynomial I (for aO) models, of which the last three arc newly proposed in this study. Thewell-structured semivariograms of fracture spacing and length indicate that both the location of thefractures and the length distribution within their structure domains are not random. The results ofthis study also suggest that semivariograms can provide useful information in terms of spatialcorrelation distance for fracture location and fracture length. These semivariograms can also beutilized to design more efficient sampling schemes for further surveys. as well as to define thelimits of highly probable extrapolation of a structure domain.

关键词： fracture pattern semivariogram fracture spacing fracture length

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Post-fire regeneration dynamics in whitebark pine(Pinus albicaulis) forests in Wind River and Absaroka Mountains,Wyoming, USA

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Journal of Forestry Research 2015年第3期26卷 719-733页

作者： Jennifer G.Klutsch Betsy A.Goodrich William R.jacobi Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management Colorado State University Ft. CollinsCO 80523-1177 USA Department of Renewable Resources University of Alberta 442 Earth Science BuildingEdmonton AB T6G 2E3 Canada School of Forestry Northern Arizona University PO Box 15018 Flagstaff AZ 86011 USA

Whitebark pine （Pinus albicaulis） populations are in decline across the species＇ range due to historic wildfire exclusion, mountain pine beetle （Dendroctonus ponderosae, MPB） outbreaks, and an invasive fungal pathogen causing the disease white pine blister rust （Cronartium ribicola, WPBR）. Despite reliance on stand- replacing fires, information on whitebark pine regeneration occurrence is limited and the trajectory of future forests is largely unknown in some areas of the range. Regeneration densities were assessed in burned and adjacent non-burned areas at six high elevation locations in northwest Wyoming where stand-replacing fires occurred 8-32 years before thesurveys. In these locations at the eastern extent of the species range, we assessed what site factors were associ- ated with regeneration success. Whitebark pine regen- eration density was greater and seedlings were older in non-burned compared to burned areas. Within burns, north aspects had more regeneration than south aspects. Potential seed source densities and other species＇ regeneration were positively related to whitebark p^ne regeneration densities in burned areas. South facing slopes or grass covered areas may have either delayed or no regeneration of whitebark pine without the help of artificial planting.

关键词： Recruitment Age structure White pineblister rust - Mountain pine beetle Restoration

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Ru(0001)表面上O-Ru伸缩振动的覆盖度依赖特性

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物理学报 1999年第2期48卷 284-288页

作者：何丕模 jacobi,K 浙江大学物理系

在Ｒｕ（０００１）表面上，通过氧气以及二氧化氮气体的分解吸附，制备了具有不同氧覆盖度的氧覆盖层．高分辨电子能量损失谱的测量表明，ＯＲｕ伸缩振动具有强烈的覆盖度依赖特性。

关键词：氧覆盖层化学吸附吸附 Ru(0001) 伸缩振动

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