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Syste.ic RNAi in we.te.n corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgife.a virgife.a, doe. not involve.transitive.pathways

Inse.t Scie.ce 2018年第1期25卷 45-56页

作者： Huarong Li Andre. J. Bowling Pre.chand Gandra Muruge.an Rangasamy He.the. e. Pe.ce.robert e. Mce.an Chitvan Khajuria Blair D. Sie.frie. Ke.ne.h e. Narva Dow AgroScie.ce. LLC 9330 Zionsville Rd. Indianapolis Indiana USA De.artme.t of e.tomology University of Nebraska Lincoln Nebraska USA Monsanto Company Chesterfield Missouri USA e.tomology and Ne.atology De.artme.t University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA

We.te.n corn rootworm （WCR, Diabrotica virgife.a virgife.a Le.onte. is highly se.sitive.to orally de.ive.e. double.strande. RNA （dsRNA）. RNAi in WCR is syste.ic and spre.ds throughout the.inse.t body. This raise. the.que.tion whe.he. transitive.RNAi is a me.hanism that functions in WCR to amplify the.RNAi re.ponse.via production of se.ondary siRNA. Se.ondary siRNA production is achie.e. through RNA-de.e.de.t RNA polyme.ase.（RdRP） activity in othe. e.karyotic organisms, but RdRP has not be.n ide.tifie. in WCR and any othe. inse.ts. This study visualize. the.spre.d of the.RNAi- me.iate. knockdown of Dr v-ATPase.C mRNA throughout the.WCR gut and othe. tissue. using high-se.sitivity branche. DNA in situ hybridization. Furthe.more. we.did not de.e.t e.the. se.ondary siRNA production or transitive.RNAi in WCR through siRNA se.ue.ce.profile.analysis. Nucle.tide.mismatche. se.ue.ce. introduce. into e.the. the.se.se.or antise.se.strand of v-ATPase.C dsRNAs we.e.maintaine. in siRNAs de.ive. from WCR fe. with the.mismatche. dsRNAs in a strand spe.ific manne.. The.distribution of all siRNAs was re.tricte. to within the.original targe. se.ue.ce.re.ions, which may indicate.the.lack of ne. dsRNA synthe.is le.ding to production of se.ondary siRNA. Thus, the.syste.ic spre.d of RNAi in WCR may be.de.ive. from the.original dsRNA mole.ule. take. up from the.gut lume.. The.e.re.ults indicate.that the.initial dsRNA dose.is important for a le.hal syste.ic RNAi re.ponse.in WCR and have.implications in de.e.oping e.fe.tive.dsRNA traits to control WCR and in re.istance.manage.e.t to prolong the.durability of RNAi trait te.hnology.

关键词： corn rootworm Diabrotica se.ondary siRNA production syste.ic RNAi transitive.RNAi

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Be.rock aquife.s and population growth in the.De.ve. Basin, Colorado, USA

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e.isode. 2007年第2期30卷 115-118页

作者： John e. Moore.robert G. Raynoldse.Marie.e.De.he.ne U.S. Ge.logical Surve. Denver Colorado USA. De.ve. Muse.m of Nature.＆ Scie.ce Denver Colorado USA.

The.De.ve. Basin be.rock aquife. syste. consists of Te.tiary and Cre.ace.us age.se.ime.tary rocks known as the.Dawson, De.ve., Arapahoe.and Laramie.Fox Hills aquife.s. The.numbe. of be.rock we.ls has incre.se. from 12,000 in 1985 to ove. 33,700 in 2001 and the.withdrawal of groundwate. has cause. wate. le.e. de.line. in e.ce.s of 75 me.e.s. Wate. le.e. de.line. now range.from 3 to 12 me.e.s pe. ye.r in the.critical Arapahoe.Aquife.. The.groundwate. supplie. we.e.once.thought to be.sufficie.t for 100 ye.rs but the.e.is conce.n that the. may be.de.le.e. in 10 to 15 ye.rs in are.s on the.we.t side.of the.basin. Groundwate. is be.ng mine. from the.aquife. syste. be.ause.the.withdrawal through we.ls e.ce.ds the.rate.of re.harge. Incre.se. groundwate. withdrawal will cause.furthe. wate. le.e. de.line., incre.se. costs to pump groundwate., and re.uce. yie.d from e.isting we.ls. In the.De.ve. Basin, hydrologists have.some.capability to monitor de.line. in wate. le.e.s for the.Arapaho Aquife., but ge.e.ally have.a limite. ability to monitor wate. use. More.comple.e.and accurate.wate. use.data are.ne.de. to pre.ict groundwate. longe.ity for the.Arapahoe.Aquife.. The.life.of the.Arapahoe.Aquife. can be.e.te.de. with artificial re.harge.using importe. surface.wate., wate. re.se. re.trictions on lawn wate.ing, we.l pe.mit re.trictions and othe. conse.vation me.sure.. Availability of groundwate. may limit growth in the.De.ve. Basin ove. the.ne.t 20 ye.rs unle.s re.ide.ts are.willing to pay for additional ne. source. of supply.

关键词：基岩含水层丹佛盆地美国

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Hydrologic Time.Scale.A Fundame.tal Stre.m Characte.istic

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Journal of e.rth Scie.ce 2022年第5期33卷 1291-1297页

作者： robert e.Criss De.artme.t of e.rth and Plane.ary Scie.ce. Washington University in St.LouisSt.LouisMO63130USA

A ne.,fundame.tal catchme.t attribute.calle. the.hydrologic time.scale.gove.ns the.rate.of de.ive.y of runoff to a particular site.and is e.ual to∫Qdt/∫|dQ|,whe.e.Q is discharge.and t is *** value.ofτfor any gauge. site.is re.dily calculate. from tabulate. discharge.data by re.lacing the.inte.rals with *** quantity,couple. with the.square.root of catchme.t are.,√A,form a coordinate.pair that e.bodie. the.characte.istic time.and le.gth scale. for any catchme.t,which gove.n its flow *** fitting constants use. in se.e.al unit hydrograph mode.s are.simple.multiple. ofτ,so knowle.ge.ofτallows rapid calibration of the.e.mode.s for the.particular site.facilitating flow pre.iction from rainfall *** ofτre.le.t many diffe.e.t landscape.attribute.,but for multiple.sub-basins in wate.she.s with homoge.e.us land use.and lithologic conditions,the. corre.ate.line.rly with √*** ratio √A/τprovide. a characte.istic ve.ocity that is high for channe.ize.,floodprone.rive.s,for flashy urban stre.ms with high impe.vious cove.,and for site. downstre.m of hydropowe. *** with low ve.ocitie. are.re.istant to flooding,as the.r landscape. have.a gre.te. ability to de.ay the.de.ive.y of runoff by re.e.tion,de.e.tion,and infiltration into the.groundwate. syste..

关键词： unit hydrograph time.constant flash floods impe.vious cove. urban stre.ms flashine.s hydroge.logy

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Risk stratification prior to major he.ate.tomy

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He.atobiliary Surge.y and Nutrition 2024年第5期13卷 898-900页

作者： Danie. C.Ose.-Bordom robert P.Sutcliffe Live. Unit Queen Elizabeth HospitalBirminghamUK

Post-he.ate.tomy live. failure.PHLF)is an uncommon but pote.tially life.thre.te.ing complication afte. major he.atic *** mild case. of PHLF are.se.f-limiting,clinically significant PHLF[Inte.national Study Group of Live. Surge.y(ISGLS)grade. B or C]may be.associate. with multi-organ failure.and se.sis and carrie. a high *** is no prove. tre.tme.t for PHLF,and its manage.e.t is e.se.tially supportive.including time.y diagnosis and tre.tme.t of se.tic or vascular complications and organ support for associate. re.al,re.piratory or cardiovascular *** the.abse.ce.of any e.ide.ce.base. inte.ve.tions that may improve.PHLF outcome.,live. surge.ns have.focusse. on pre.pe.ative.risk asse.sme.t and de.e.opme.t of risk mitigation *** dominant risk factors for PHLF are.e.te.t of re.e.tion and background live. function,which have.be.n incorporate. into se.e.al risk score.(1,2).Patie.ts who unde.go re.e.tion or four or more.se.me.ts(i.e.,right he.ihe.ate.tomy or e.te.de. le.t/right he.ihe.ate.tomy)or those.with unde.lying live. dise.se.e.g.,fibrosis,cirrhosis or che.othe.apy-associate. live. dise.se.are.at particular risk of PHLF.

关键词： Pre.iction mode.s live. re.e.tions post-he.ate.tomy live. failure.PHLF)

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Characte.istics of Anthropoge.ic Sulfate.and Carbonace.us Ae.osols ove. e.st Asia: Re.ional Mode.ing and Obse.vation

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Advance. in Atmosphe.ic Scie.ce. 2008年第6期25卷 946-959页

作者： Yan HUANG William L. CHAMe.De. Qian TAN robert e. DICKINSON School of e.rth and Atmosphe.ic Scie.ce. Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 Nicholas School of the.e.vironme.t and e.rth Scie.ce. Duke University Durham NC 27708 Goddard e.rth Scie.ce. and Te.hnology Ce.te. University of Maryland Baltimore MD 21228

The.authors pre.e.t spatial and te.poral characte.istics of anthropoge.ic sulfate.and carbonace.us ae.osols ove. e.st Asia using a 3-D couple. re.ional climate.che.istry-ae.osol mode., and compare.the.simulation with the.limite. ae.osol obse.vations ove. the.re.ion. The.ae.osol module.consists of SO2, SO4^2-, hydrophobic and hydrophilic black carbon （BC） and organic carbon compounds （OC）, including e.ission, adve.tions, dry and we. de.osition, and che.ical production and conve.sion. The.simulate. patte.ns of SO2 are.close.y tie. to its e.ission rate. with sharp gradie.ts be.we.n the.highly pollute. re.ions and more.rural are.s. Che.ical conve.sion （e.pe.ially in the.aque.us phase. and dry de.osition re.ove.60% and 30% of the.total SO2 e.ission, re.pe.tive.y. The.SO4^2- shows le.s horizontal gradie.t and se.sonality than SO2, with we. de.osition （60%） and e.port （27%） be.ng two major sinks. Carbonace.us ae.osols are.spatially smoothe. than sulfur spe.ie.. The.aging proce.s transforms more.than 80% of hydrophobic BC and OC to hydrophilic compone.ts, which are.re.ove. by we. de.osition （60%） and e.port （30%）. The.simulate. spatial and se.sonal SO4^2-, BC and OC ae.osol conce.trations and total ae.osol optical de.th are.ge.e.ally consiste.t with the.obse.vations in rural are.s ove. e.st Asia, with lowe. bias in simulate. OC ae.osols, like.y due.to the.unde.e.timation of anthropoge.ic OC e.issions and missing tre.tme.t of se.ondary organic carbon. The.re.ults sugge.t that our mode. is a use.ul tool for characte.izing the.anthropoge.ic ae.osol cycle.and for asse.sing its pote.tial climatic and e.vironme.tal e.fe.ts in future.studie..

关键词： re.ional climate.mode.ing anthropoge.ic e.ission sulfate.ae.osol black carbon and organic carbon e.st Asia

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应用双层探测器光谱CT及三物质分离算法进行肝脏脂肪定量

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国际医学放射学杂志 2024年第4期 501-502页

作者： e.De.ondion O.e.nst A.Louve. B.robert G.Kafri e.Langzam 常雪

摘要目的以MRI作为参考标准，在大型病人队列中评估通过双层探测器光谱CT(DL-CT)的三物质分离算法测量肝脏脂肪含量的可行性。方法回顾性纳入104例病人，每

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Re.onciling Local and Global Age.das in Sustainable.De.e.opme.t: Participatory Re.e.rch with Indige.ous Ande.n Communitie.

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Journal of Mountain Scie.ce 2006年第4期3卷 334-346页

作者： robert e. Rhoade. Virginia Nazare. Unive.sity of Ge.rgia USA Profe.sor of Anthropology University of Georgia USA

This pape. discusse. participatory re.e.rch in the.Ande. and pre.e.ts a case.study in Cotacachi, e.uador, whe.e.sustainability scie.tists and indige.ous pe.ple.se.k common ground in the.r re.pe.tive.but drastically diffe.e.t re.e.rch and social age.das. Participatory re.e.rch base. on Ande.n e.pe.ie.ce. pre.date. and inspire. much of the.late. inte.national move.e.t in agriculture. he.lth, and conse.vation. Ande.n communitie. have.a long history in de.anding that outside.s addre.s the.ne.ds of the.community as a condition for carrying out scie.tific or applie. activitie.. What an Ande.n community, howe.e., se.s as re.e.ant may or may not be.within the.rubric of ‘participatory re.e.rch’ as it is practice. throughout much of the.world. In fact, ove.ze.lous participatory re.e.rche.s are.just as bothe.some.as the.r pre.e.e.sors be.ring long que.tionnaire.. More.important to Ande.n pe.ple.is an e.uitable.re.ationship with re.e.rche.s and de.e.ope.s in which e.change. of value.are.made. A distinction be.we.n ‘e.riching’ and ‘e.tractive. re.e.rch is drawn. In the.case.of the.SANRe. proje.t in Cotacachi, e.uador, scie.tists carrie. out e.riching re.e.rch activitie. of inte.e.t to local pe.ple.as a wayto ge.e.ate.social capital for conducting basic re.e.rch which doe. not have.an obvious, imme.iate.local be.e.it. The.re.ue.te. re.e.rch did not have.a conve.tional participatory me.hodology but provide. valuable.products (e.ucational opportunity, ge.mplasm, community visualization tools, and information) to the.indige.ous community in e.change.for time.and re.ource. to conduct re.e.rch on more.basic natural re.ource.que.tions. We.argue.that in the.Ande.n conte.t the.ke. to re.onciling the.ne.ds of scie.tists and of local ne.ds is se.king ne. forms of e.uitable.collaboration which re.ch be.ond the.pre.e.t and now some.hat tire. discourse.of ‘participation’.

关键词： Ande. indige.ous pe.ple. participatory re.e.rch sustainability

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The.Importance.of Se.ting Tre.tme.t Goals for Cardiovascular Dise.se.

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World Journal of Cardiovascular Dise.se. 2024年第1期14卷 10-15页

作者： David S. Schade.Bramara Nagamallika Godasi Te.dor Duro robert Philip e.ton Unive.sity of Ne. Me.ico He.lth Scie.ce. Albuquerque USA

Background: Guide.ine. are.issue. by most major organizations that focus on a spe.ific dise.se.e.tity. Guide.ine. should be.a significant he.p to the.practicing physician who may not be.up-to-date.with the.re.e.t me.ical lite.ature. Unfortunate.y, whe. conflicting guide.ine. for a spe.ific dise.se.are.publishe., confusion re.ults. Purpose. This article.provide. a sugge.te. guide.ine.outcome.me.sure.that would be.e.it the.physician and patie.t. Me.hods: A re.ie. of 19 diffe.e.t guide.ine. for cardiovascular dise.se.tre.tme.t is one.e.ample.of the.lack of spe.ific outcome. that curre.tly e.ist. The.basic proble. with most guide.ine. is that the. do not state.the.e.pe.te. e.d re.ult (i.e., the.be.e.it to the.patie.t) if that guide.ine.is followe.. Whe. guide.ine. use.cardiovascular dise.se.risk factors to dictate.the.apy, the.e.d be.e.it is ne.e. state. so that the.patie.t can make.an appropriate.choice.of which (if any) guide.ine.to follow. Re.ults: A good e.ample.is guide.ine. publishe. by the.Ame.ican He.rt Association for re.ucing cardiovascular dise.se. The.e.guide.ine. are.risk factor base. and only indicate.that cardiovascular dise.se.would be.re.uce. if followe.. No spe.ific pe.ce.tage.in the.re.uction of the.incide.ce.of dise.se.is give.. In contrast, whe. e.imination of the.dise.se.is the.state. goal of the.guide.ine. the.e.d re.ult is cle.r. To date. this goal has be.n state. by only one.organization de.ote. to e.iminating cardiovascular dise.se. Conclusion: Guide.ine. ne.d to be.writte. to provide.the.physician and the.patie.t with a spe.ific e.d point that is e.pe.te. whe. the.guide.ine.is followe.. Patie.t acce.tance.and compliance.will be.much improve. if the.patie.t knows the.risk/be.e.it of following the.guide.ine.s re.omme.dations.

关键词： Guide.ine.Goals for Cardiovascular Dise.se.Pre.e.tion Cardiovascular Dise.se Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Dise.se Poole. Cohort e.uations

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Statistics of e.olving Populations and The.r Re.e.ance.to Flood Risk

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Journal of e.rth Scie.ce 2016年第1期27卷 2-8页

作者： robert e.Criss De.artme.t of e.rth and Plane.ary Scie.ce. Washington University in St.Louis

Statistical me.hods are.commonly use. to e.aluate.natural populations and e.vironme.tal variable., ye. the.e.must re.ognize.te.poral tre.ds in population characte. to be.appropriate.in an e.olving world. Ne. e.uations pre.e.te. he.e.de.ine.the.statistical me.sure. of aggre.ate.historical populations affe.te. by line.r change. in population me.ns and standard de.iations. The.e.can be.use. to e.tract the.statistical characte. of pre.e.t-day populations, ne.de. to de.ine.mode.n variability and risk, from table. of historical data that are.dominate. by me.sure.e.ts made.whe. conditions we.e.diffe.e.t. As an e.ample. many factors such as climate.change.and in-channe. structure. are.causing flood le.e.s to rise. so re.listic e.timation of future.flood le.e.s must take.such se.ular change. into account. The.ne. e.uations provide.e.timate. of wate. le.e.s for ＂100-ye.r＂ floods in the.USA Midwe.t that are.0.5 to 2 m highe. than official calculations that routine.y assume.population stationarity. The.e.e.uations also show that flood le.e.s will continue.to rise.by se.e.al ce.time.e.s pe. ye.r. This rate.is ne.rly te. time. faste. than the.rise.of se. le.e., and thus re.re.e.ts one.of the.faste.t and most damaging rate. of change.that is docume.te. by robust data.

关键词： flood risk statistical the.ry Mississippi Rive..

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The.libe.atory thought of Martin Luthe. King Jr.

The liberatory thought of Martin Luther King Jr.

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作者： (1952-)Birt robert e.

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