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Distal small bowel motility and lipid absorption in patients following abdominal aortic aneurysm repair surgery

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第4期12卷 582-587页

作者： robert J Fraser Marc Ritz Addolorata c Di Matteo Rosalie Vozzo Monika Kwiatek robert Foreman Brendan Stanley Jack Walsh Jim Burnett Paul Jury John Dent Department of Medicine University of AdelaideSouth Australia Department of Gastroenterology Royal Adelaide HospitalAdelaide South Australia Vascular Unit Royal Adelaide Hospital AdelaideSouth Australia Gastrointestinal Investigation Unit Repatriation General Hospital Daw Park South Australia Vascular Unit Repatriation General Hospital Daw Park SouthAustralia

AIM： To investigate distal small bowel motility and lipid absorption in patients following elective abdominal aortic aneurysm （AAA） repair surgery, METHODS： Nine patients （aged 35-78 years; body mass index （BMI） range： 23-36 kg/m2） post-surgery for AAA repair, and seven healthy control subjects （20-50 years; BMI range： 21-29 kg/m^2） were studied, continuous distal small bowel manometry was performed for up to 72 h, during periods of fasting and enteral feeding （Nutrison）. Recordings were analyzed for the frequency, odgin, length of migration, and direction of small intestinal burst activity. Lipid absorption was assessed on the first day and the third day post surgery in a subset of patients using the ^13c-triolein-breath test, and compared with healthy controls. Subjects received a 20-min intraduodenal infusion of 50 mL liquid feed mixed with 200μL ^13c-triolein. End-expiratory breath samples were collected for 6 h and analyzed for ^13cO2 concentration. RESULTS： The frequency of burst activity in the proximal and distal small intestine was higher in patients than in healthy subjects, under both fasting and fed conditions （P〈 0.005）. In patients there was a higher proportion of abnormally propagated bursts （71% abnormal）, which began to normalize by d 3 （25% abnormal） *** absorption data was available for seven patients on d 1 and four patients on d 3 post surgery. In patients, absorption on d 1 post-surgery was half that of healthy control subjects （AUc ^13cO2 1323±244 vs 2646±365; P〈0.05, respectively）, and was reduced to the one-fitch that of healthy controls by d 3 （AUc ^13cO2 470±832 vs 2646±365; P〈 0.05, respectively）. cONcLUSION： Both proximal and distal small intestinal motor activity are transiently disrupted in critically ill patients immediately after major surgery, with abnormal motility patterns extending as far as the ileum. These motor disturbances may contribute to impaired absorption of enteral nutrition, especially when intralumi

关键词： critical illness Small intestine Motility Lipid absorption

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International NeuroAIDS: prospects of HIV-1 associated neurological com-plications

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cell Research 2005年第Z1期15卷 962-969页

作者： J roberto TRUJILLO Gilberto JARAMILLO-RANGEL Marta ORTEGA-MARTINEZ Augusto c PENALVA de OLIVEIRA Jose E VIDAL Joseph BRYANT robert c GALLO Institute of Human Virology University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute 725 W Lombard Street Baltimore MD 21201 USA Institute of Infectious Diseases Emilio Ribas Sao Paulo 01246 Brazil Clinical Research Unit in Human Retrovirology University of CampinasSao Paulo 01246 Brazil. Institute of Infectious Diseases Emilio Ribas Sao Paulo 01246 Brazil

Neurological complications associated with HIV-1/AIDS are being recognized with a high frequency that parallels the increased number of AIDS cases. The early infiltration by HIV-1 into the nervous system can cause primary and/or secondary neurological complications. The most common neurocognitive disorder is AIDS Dementia complex (ADc). In developing countries of Asia the three most opportunistic infections are tuberculosis (TB), cryptococcosis, and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Therefore, it is expected that secondary neurological complications due to TB and cryptococcosis will be the most common cause of morbility and mortality in HIV-1/AIDS cases in china. Research of NeuroAIDS in china is necessary to understand the impact and the biology of HIV-1 in the nervous system. Future studies would include, the molecular epidemiology and the description of opportunistic infections associated to HIV-1; the neuropathological description of primary and secondary HIV-1 complications in different groups; the HIV-1 neurot- ropism and immune response studies for china’s unique HIV-1 strains and recombinant forms derived from the nervous system, including experimental models such as the use of transgenic rats; and the study of potential resistant virus, primarily when the anti-retroviral therapy (ART) has not full access in the brain.

关键词： NeuroAIDS HIV-1 neurotropism AIDS dementia complex.

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Women on the liver transplantation waitlist are at increased risk of hospitalization compared to men

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第8期25卷 980-988页

作者： Jessica B Rubin Marie Sinclair robert S Rahimi Elliot B Tapper Jennifer c Lai Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of MedicineUniversity of California-San FranciscoSan FranciscoCA 94143 United States Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Austin HealthHeidelberg 3084VictoriaAustralia Department of Medicine the University of MelbourneMelbourne 3010VictoriaAustralia Division of Hepatology Annette C.and Harold C.Simmons Transplant InstituteBaylor University Medical CenterDallasTX 75346United States Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109United States

BAcKGROUND Hospital admissions are common among patients with cirrhosis,but patient factors associated with hospitalization have not been well *** recent data suggesting increased liver transplant waitlist dropout among women,we hypothesized that women on the liver transplant waitlist would have increased rates of hospitalization compared with *** To evaluate the role of gender on risk of hospitalization for patients on the liver transplant waitlist,in order to help explain gender disparities in waitlist *** Patients listed for liver transplant at a single center in the United States were prospectively enrolled in the Functional Assessment in Liver Transplantation *** included in this retrospective analysis included those enrolled between March 2012 and December 2014 with at least 12 mo of follow up and without hepatocellular *** primary and secondary outcomes were hospitalization and total inpatient days within 12 mo,*** and negative binomial regression associated baseline factors with *** Of the 392 patients,41%were female,with median(interquartile range)age 58 years(52-63)and model for end-stage liver disease 18(15-22).Within 12 mo,186(47%)patients were hospitalized≥1 time;48%were readmitted,with a median of 8(4-15)inpatient *** women than men were hospitalized(54%vs 43%;P=0.03).In univariable analysis,female sex was associated with an increased risk of hospitalization[odds ratios(OR)1.6,95%confidence interval(cI)1.0-2.4;P=0.03],which remained significant on adjusted multivariable analysis(OR 1.6,95%cI:1.1-2.6;P=0.03).Female gender was also associated with an increased number of inpatient days within 12 mo in both univariable and multivariable *** Women with cirrhosis on the liver transplant waitlist have more hospitalizations and inpatient days in one year compared with men,suggesting that the experience of cirrhosis differs between men and women,despite

关键词： Gender cirrhosis Liver transplantation waitlist Hospitalization Readmission Women

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The role of phase impurities and lattice defects on the electron dynamics and photochemistry of cuFeO2 solar photocathodes

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Nano Research 2019年第9期12卷 2390-2399页

作者： Elizabeth A. Fugate Somnath Biswas Mathew c. clement Minkyu Kim Dongjoon Kim Aravind Asthagiri L. robert Baker Department of chemistry and Biochemistry The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA Department of chemical and Biomolecular Engineering The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA

cuFeO2 is a promising photocathode for H2 evolution and cO2 reduction *** better understand the complex defect chemistry and role of impurity phases in this material and their effect on the photochemical performance,we employ visible light transient absorption spectroscopy and density functional theory(DFT)calculations to investigate the electron dynamics in electrochemically deposited cu-Fe oxide thin *** analysis of carrier lifetime shows a fast,sub-ps contribution to relaxation followed by persistence of a Iong-lived state to time delays greater than 2 *** amplitude of the Iong-lived state is shown to correlate with the rate of fast initial relaxation,and this is explained in terms of a competition between charge carrier trapping and charge *** separation in cuFeO2 occurs via hole thermalizati on from O 2p to cu 3d vale nee band states leadi ng to segregatio n of electr ons and holes across layers in the cuFeO2 *** between transient absorption measurements and DFT calculations suggest that cu vacancies enhanee photochemical performance by facilitating charge separation *** contrast,O interstitials are predicted to switch the relative positions of O 2p and cu 3d vale nee band states,which would in hibit charge separatio n by in ter-band hole thermal izatio *** ally,we find no evide nee for electron in jecti on from cuFeO2 to cuO suggest!ng that charge separati on at this heterostructure in terface does not play a role in the carrier lifetime or photochemical performance of the catalysts studied here.

关键词： delafossite cuFeO2 charge-carrier dynamics transient absorption spectroscopy cu vacancy O interstitial

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Supramolecular PS-P4VP diblock copolymer thin films slowly dip-coated from chloroform solutions

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Science china chemistry 2013年第1期56卷 33-39页

作者： ROLAND Sébastien PRUD'HOMME robert E. BAZUIN c. Geraldine Département de chimie Centre de Recherche sur les Matériaux Auto-assemblés (CRMAA/CSACS)Université de MontréalC.P.6128 Succ.Centre-villeMontréal (QC) H3C 3J7Canada

This contribution shows the strong influence of using chloroform instead of THF on the characteristics of thin films of supramolecular block copolymers of poly(styrene-b-4-vinyl pyridine) dip-coated in the so-called "capillarity" regime from solutions containing 1-naphthol or 1-naphthoic *** small molecule content in the dip-coated films was investigated by infrared spectroscopy and the film morphology by atomic force *** was found that the small molecule content in the films is constant with dip-coating rate in the range investigated,but it is higher for 1-naphthoic acid than for *** main morphology observed was in the form of "islands" and "holes",which is typical of flat-on *** findings are related to hydrogen-bonding between the small molecule and pyridine being conserved in chloroform and to the good solubility of both blocks in this solvent,with differences between the two small molecules related to their differing H-bond *** findings contrast strongly with what was observed previously using THF as a solvent,for which the SM content increases with dip-coating rate and the morphologies are mainly spherical and cylindrical in the same parameter range.

关键词： dip-coating block copolymer thin films supramolecular polymers

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Heterogeneity and renal mass biopsy:a review of its role and reliability

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cancer Biology & Medicine 2014年第3期11卷 162-172页

作者： Jeffrey J.Tomaszewski robert G.Uzzo Marc c.Smaldone Division of Urology Department of SurgeryMD Anderson Cancer Center at CooperRowan University School of MedicineCamdenNJ08103USA Division of Urologic Oncology Department of Surgical OncologyFox Chase Cancer Center-Temple University Health SystemPhiladelphiaPA19111USA

Increased abdominal imaging has led to an increase in the detection of the incidental small renal mass(SRM). With increasing recognition that the malignant potential of SRMs is heterogeneous, ranging from benign(15%-20%) to aggressive(20%), enthusiasm for more conservative management strategies in the elderly and infirmed, such as active surveillance(AS), have grown considerably. As the management of the SRM evolves to incorporate ablative techniques and AS for low risk disease, the role of renal mass biopsy(RMB) to help guide individualized therapy is evolving. Historically, the role of RMB was limited to the evaluation of suspected metastatic disease, renal abscess, or lymphoma. However, in the contemporary era, the role of biopsy has grown, most notably to identify patients who harbor benign lesions and for whom treatment, particularly the elderly or frail, may be avoided. When performing a RMB to guide initial clinical decision making for small, localized tumors, the most relevant questions are often relegated to proof of malignancy and documentation(if possible) of grade. However, significant intratumoral heterogeneity has been identified in clear cell renal cell carcinoma(ccRcc) that may lead to an underestimation of the genetic complexity of a tumor when single-biopsy procedures are used. Heterogeneous genomic landscapes and branched parallel evolution of ccRccs with spatially separated subclones creates an illusion of clonal dominance when assessed by single biopsies and raises important questions regarding how tumors can be optimally sampled and whether future evolutionary tumor branches might be predictable and ultimately targetable. This work raises profound questions concerning the genetic landscape of cancer and how tumor heterogeneity may affect, and possibly confound, targeted diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. In this review, we discuss the current role of RMB, the implications of tumor heterogeneity on diagnostic accuracy, and highlight promi

关键词： Renal cell carcinoma(Rcc) renal mass biopsy(RMB) tumor heterogeneity

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MORPHOLOGY, SEDIMENTARY BEDFORMS AND SAND TRANSPORT AcROSS A RIDGE-AND-RUNNEL BEAcH UNDER THE AcTION OF SUMMER WAVES

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chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 1990年第3期8卷 197-212页

作者： christopher E.Vincent robert c.Kay 陈承惠李立 JackJarvis School of Environmental Sciences University of East Anglia U.K. 3rd Institute of Oceanography SOA Xiamen China Department of Geography University of St. Andrews Scotland

As part of a collaborative study between the 3rd Institute of Oceanography, Xiamen, and the U-K. Universities of East Anglia and St. Andrews, a 4-day experiment was conducted on a ridge- and -runnel beach of north Norfolk on the North Sea coast- Detailed surveys were made of every low water of an area 10m by 30m and electromagnetic current meters were used to measure wave- induced currents over the ridge and in the runnel- The locations of bedform fields were noted, fluorescent sand was used to follow the sand movement and, at the end of the experiment, lacquer peels were taken of the top 0-2 m of a vertical section through the ridge- and- runnel-During the 4 days 0-75 m3 of sand per metre width of beach accreted in the runnel and a similar volume was eroded from the upper foreshore. The dominant shoreward transport, identified qualitatively by the movement of the fluorescent sand, suggests the ridge- and- runnel system migrated shorewards up the general beach slope of 1 by 2 - 3 m. The wave orbital

关键词： beach currents shore collaborative Andrews north Xiamen metre sands AcTION

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An integrated approach to site-specific management zone delineation

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2018年第4期5卷 432-441页

作者： Yuxin MIAO David J.MULLA Pierre c.robert Precision Agriculture center Department of SoilWater and ClimateUniversity of Minnesota

Dividing fields into a few relatively homogeneous management zones(MZs) is a practical and costeffective approach to precision agriculture. There are three basic approaches to MZ delineation using soil and/or landscape properties, yield information, and both sources of information. The objective of this study is to propose an integrated approach to delineating site-specific MZ using relative elevation, organic matter, slope, electrical conductivity, yield spatial trend map, and yield temporal stability map(ROSE-YSTTS) and evaluate it against two other approaches using only soil and landscape information(ROSE) or clustering multiple year yield maps(cMYYM). The study was carried out on two no-till corn-soybean rotation fields in eastern Illinois, USA. Two years of nitrogen(N) rate experiments were conducted in Field B to evaluate the delineated MZs for site-specific N management. It was found that in general the ROSE approach was least effective in accounting for crop yield variability(8.0%–9.8%), while the cMYYM approach was least effective in accounting for soil and landscape(8.9%–38.1%), and soil nutrient and pH variability(9.4%–14.5%). The integrated ROSE-YSTTS approach was reasonably effective in accounting for the three sources of variability(38.6%–48.9%, 16.1%–17.3% and 13.2%–18.7% for soil and landscape, nutrient and pH, and yield variability, respectively), being either the best or second best approach. It was also found that the ROSE-YSTTS approach was effective in defining zones with high,medium and low economically optimum N rates. It is concluded that the integrated ROSE-YSTTS approach combining soil, landscape and yield spatial-temporal variability information can overcome the weaknesses of approaches using only soil, landscape or yield information,and is more robust for MZ delineation. It also has the potential for site-specific N management for improved economic returns. More studies are needed to further evaluate their appropriateness for precision N

关键词： economically optimum nitrogen rate fuzzy cluster analysis precision nitrogen management site-specific management soil landscape property yield map

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coarse and fine-tuning of lasing transverse electromagnetic modes in coupled all-inorganic perovskite quantum dots

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Nano Research 2021年第1期14卷 108-113页

作者： Youngsin Park Guanhua Ying Atanu Jana Vitaly Osokin claudius c.Kocher Tristan Farrow robert A.Taylor Kwang S.Kim School of Natural Science Ulsan National Institute of Science and TechnologhUlsan 44919Republic of Korea clarendon Laboratory Department of PhysicsUniversity of OxfordParks RoadOxford OX13PUUK centre for Quantum Technologies National University of SingaporeScience Drive 2Singapore 117543Singapore

Inorganic perovskite lasers are of particular interest,with much recent work focusing on Fabry-P6rot cavity-forming *** demonstrate the direct observation of lasing from transverse electromagnetic(TEM)modes with a long coherence time-9.5ps in coupled csPbBr_(3) quantum dots,which dispense with an external cavity resonator and show how the wavelength of the modes can be controlled via two independent *** the pump power allowed us tofine-tune the TEM mode structure to the emission wavelength,thus providing a degree of control over the properties of the lasing *** temperature-tuning provided an additional degree of control over the wavelength of the lasing peak,importantly,maintained a constant full width at half maximum(FWHM)over the entire tuning range without mode-hopping.

关键词： perovskite quantum dots coherent lasing transverse electromagnetic mode stimulated emission

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comparison of Entrepreneurship Environment for Executives between State-owned and Private Enterprises in china

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china & World Economy 2007年第6期15卷 104-120页

作者： Min Zhu robert c. camp Maali Ashamalla Raj Garg Professor Southwest University of Finance and Economics Chengdu China. Dean Eberly College of Business and Information Technology Indiana University of Pennsylvania USA. Professor Eberly College of Business and Information Technology Indiana University of Pennsylvania USA Professor Eberly College of Business and Information Technology Indiana University of Pennsylvania USA.

This research aims at exploring the differences in the effects of environment on entrepreneurship growth between state-owned enterprises and private businesses. Through executive investigation, reasons are provided for better performance of private businesses. Environmental factors, including economic, legal, technological, cultural and social factors, which influence entrepreneurship growth, are examined to determine differences between state-owned enterprise and private business executives. It is found that the methods of executive assignment to managerial posts determine executives＇ effort towards entrepreneurship.

关键词： comparison of state-owned and private enterprises entrepreneurship growth environment methods of executive assignment

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